Body Weight Gain Research Articles

Coix Sprouts Affect Triglyceride Metabolism in Huh7 Cells and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Lipolysis is the hydrolysis of triglycerides (TGs), commonly known as fats. Intracellular lipolysis of TG is associated with adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), which provides fatty acids during times of metabolic need. The aim of this study was to determine whether Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf (Coix) sprouts (CS) can alleviate obesity through lipolysis. Overall, we investigated the potential of CS under in vitro and invivo conditions and confirmed the underlying mechanisms. Huh7 cells were exposed to free fatty acids (FFAs), and C57BL/6J mice were fed a 60% high-fat diet. When FFA were introduced into Huh7 cells, the intracellular TG levels increased within the Huh7 cells. However, CS treatment significantly reduced intracellular TG levels. Furthermore, CS decreased the expression of Pparγ and Srebp1c mRNA and downregulated the mutant Pnpla3 (I148M) mRNA. Notably, CS significantly upregulated ATGL expression. CS treatment at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day resulted in a significant and dose-dependent decrease in body weight gain and epididymal adipose tissue weight. Specifically, the group treated with CS (200 mg/kg/day) exhibited a significant modulation of serum lipid biomarkers. In addition, CS ameliorated histological alterations in both the liver and adipose tissues. In summary, CS efficiently inhibited lipid accumulation through the activation of the lipolytic enzyme ATGL coupled with the suppression of enzymes involved in TG synthesis. Consequently, CS show promise as a potential anti-obesity agent.

Efficacy of maize differing in particle size in low-density protein diets fed to broilers from day 1 to 21 of age

ABSTRACT 1. This study evaluated the efficacy of maize differing in particle size in low-density protein diets on performance, the digestive tract and litter characteristics in broilers. Four dietary treatments; control commercial diet with a typical crude protein content 22.50% (CON); CON + 20% maize with particle size 350 µm (M350), crude protein 19.90%; CON + 20% maize with particle size 2600 µm (M2600), crude protein 19.90%); CON + 20% whole maize (WM), crude protein 19.90%, were fed ad libitum to broiler chicks up to 21 d of age. 2. No differences in body weight gain, feed intake and FCR were found between the WM and CON. WM increased body weight gain compared to M350 and M2600. M350, M2600 and WM increased (p = 0.004) gizzard relative weight compared with CON on day 14. Both WM and M2600 reduced (p = 0.001) gastric isthmus diameter on d 14 and 21 compared with CON and M350. 3. No differences were seen in mucosa for the Lamina propria and the extent of Tunica muscularis of gizzard on d 21 and ileum mucosal depth on d 14 between WM and CON diets. However, WM reduced villus-to-crypt ratio compared with CON on d 21. The M350 reduced (p < 0.05) gizzard digesta particle size compared with CON, M2600 and WM on d 14. 4. Both WM and M350 decreased (p < 0.05) nitrogen excretion compared to birds fed CON. Feeding WM increased nitrogen efficiency compared with M350 and M2600 diets, but was similar to birds fed CON. Feeding M350, M2600 or WM decreased (p < 0.05) litter moisture and footpad dermatitis (FPD) scores compared with results from birds fed CON. 5. Overall, diluting the protein level in broiler diets with whole maize appeared better than fine or coarse maize in terms of growth performance, digestive tract development, nitrogen excretion and litter parameters. This may lead to economic benefits by reducing grinding costs and dependence on rich protein resources contributing to sustainable meat production and food security.

Inclusion of Sorghum in Cyprinus carpio L. Diet: Effects on Growth, Flesh Quality, Microbiota, and Oxidative Status

This study investigates the impact of including sorghum in the diet of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) on its growth, blood parameters, meat composition, intestinal microbiota, and oxidative stress. Experimental diets with varying sorghum content (0%—V0 or control, 10%—V1, 20%—V2, and 30%—V3) were administered to carp weighing 43 g initially. Notably, in the 30% variant, sorghum entirely replaced corn and barley in the diet. Chemical analysis of sorghum unveiled a protein content of 14% and a fat content of 3.9%. Sorghum inclusion led to a decline in final body weight and weight gain, particularly notable in the V3 group with 30% sorghum. However, other physiological parameters, such as feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, and organ indices, remained unaffected. Protein and salt content in carp flesh increased with higher sorghum inclusion levels, while hematological parameters showed minimal variations. Analysis of the intestinal microbiota revealed increases in both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial populations with sorghum inclusion. Furthermore, sorghum concentration inversely correlated with glutathione levels and positively correlated with malondialdehyde content, indicating a disruption of antioxidant defense mechanisms and elevated oxidative stress.

Moderate chronic sleep perturbation impairs glucose and lipid homeostasis in rats.

Sleep deprivation is a potential risk factor for metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the impacts of moderate chronic sleep deprivation on glucose and lipid homeostasis in adult rats. Wistar rats (both sexes) were sleep-perturbed daily for two hours at the early (06:00-08:00) and the late light cycle (16:00-18:00) five days a week (except weekends) for four weeks. Sleep perturbation (SP) resulted in reduced body weight gain in both sexes, associated with altered food intake and reduced adiposity. SP did not alter the short- or long-term memories or cause anxiogenic behavior. No major changes were observed in the plasma insulin, leptin, triacylglycerol, non-esterified fatty acids and blood glucose upon SP. After SP, females exhibited a transitory glucose intolerance, while males became glucose intolerant at the end of the experimental period. Male rats also developed higher insulin sensitivity at the end of the SP protocol. Morphometric analyses revealed no changes in hepatic glycogen deposition, pancreatic islet mass, islet-cell distribution, or adrenal cortex thickness in SP rats from both sexes, except for lower adipocyte size compared with controls. We did not find homogeneous changes in the relative expression of circadian and metabolic genes in muscle or hepatic tissues from the SP rats. Moderate chronic SP reduces visceral adiposity and causes glucose intolerance with a more pronounced impact on male rats, reinforcing the metabolic risks of exposure to sleep disturbances.

Effect of PASLoc Meals on the Zootechnical and Nutritional Parameters of Young Wistar Rats Suffering from Induced Moderate Acute Malnutrition

Aims: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of four food products manufactured from locally sourced ingredients in restoring Wistar rats afflicted with induced moderate acute malnutrition. Study Design: The rats used in this research were kept in separate metabolic cages with wire mesh flooring. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the vivarium of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, over a period of 38 days. Methodology: 42 male rats, with an average age of 80 ±5 days and an average weight of 103.46 ±5.10 g, were randomly divided into six batches of seven rats each. Two control batches (MID and PCD) and four experimental batches (PASLoc1A, PASLoc1B, PASLoc2A, and PASLoc2B) were formed. The experiment consisted of an adaptation phase (5 days), a malnutrition induction phase (19 days), and a nutritional rehabilitation phase (14 days). Zootechnical and nutritional parameters were assessed at the end of the induction and nutritional rehabilitation phases. Results: Malnourished animals experienced a body weight loss rate of -22.36 ±6.47%, leading to a decline in all zootechnical parameters, including weight gain (1.39 ±0.28 g/day), body length (0.95 ±0.64 cm), and feed efficiency coefficient (-24.98 ±5.47). The nutritional rehabilitation phase resulted in the correction of the dysfunctions observed during induction, especially in terms of body weight gain, with rates comprised between 20.84 ±5.03% and 34.59 ±3.33%. The minimum weight gain for the rats fed PASLoc diet was 1.66 ±0.54 g/d for Pasloc1B, respectively. PASLoc diets have a significant impact on nutritional value, with a minimum biological value of 94.04 ±0.25%. Conclusion: The result of this study suggest that PASLoc2A and PASLoc2B possess a robust nutritional potential, and their consumption can effectively address issues of moderate acute malnutrition after weaning.

Anti-obesity effects of potential probiotic Lactobacillus strains isolated from Mongolian fermented dairy products in high-fat diet-induced obese rodent model.

This study aims to investigate the anti-obesity properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented dairy products such as "Airag" and "Khoormog" in Mongolia. These traditional dairy products are widely used in Mongolia and believe in having potential probiotic, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, and anti-tuberculosis properties and are made from unheated two-humped camel milk and mare milk, respectively. We chose three LAB strains based on their probiotic characteristics, including tolerance of gastric and bile acids. Then we checked the anti-obesity activity of probiotic strains in vivo. An animal model was evaluated in twenty male C57BL/6J mice by inducing obesity with a high-fat diet (HFD), which was divided into five groups: regular diet group (Negative control), HFD group (Positive control), HFD with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei X-1 (X-1), Lacticaseibacillus paracasei X-17 (X-17), and Limosilactobacillus fermentum BM-325 (BM-325). For six weeks, 5 × 109 colony-forming units (CFU) of bacteria were given orally to the LAB-fed groups. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profiles, organ index, and organ morphology were all measured. The probiotic strains suppressed growth in adipose cell volume, stabilized FBG, reduced liver cell degeneration, and slowed HFD-induced body weight gain. The results suggest that some strains increase general metabolism while lowering body weight.

Antitumor Effects of an Anthocyanin-Rich Grain Diet in a Mouse Model of Lewis Lung Carcinoma

Functional foods enriched with plant polyphenol anthocyanins attract particular attention due to their health-promoting properties, including antitumor activity. We evaluated the effects of a grain diet rich in anthocyanins in a mouse model of Lewis lung carcinoma. Mice of the C57BL/6 strain were fed with wheat of near-isogenic lines differing in the anthocyanin content for four months prior to tumor transplantation. Although a significant decrease in the size of the tumor and the number of metastases in the lungs was revealed in the groups with both types of grain diet, the highest percentage of animals without metastases and with attenuated cell proliferation in the primary tumor were observed in the mice with the anthocyanin-rich diet. Both grain diets reduced the body weight gain and spleen weight index. The antitumor effects of the grain diets were associated with the activation of different mechanisms: immune response of the allergic type with augmented interleukin(IL)-9 and eotaxin serum levels in mice fed with control grain vs. inhibition of the IL-6/LIF system accompanied by a decrease in the tumor-associated M2 macrophage marker arginase 1 gene mRNA levels and enhanced autophagy in the tumor evaluated by the mRNA levels of Beclin 1 gene. Thus, anthocyanin-rich wheat is suggested as a promising source of functional nutrition with confirmed in vivo antitumor activity.

#1131 Significant reno-cardio-metabolic protection by the food additive Flexovital in a murine model combining unilateral nephrectomy and Western diet

Abstract Background and Aims Cardiovascular complications are major threats in advanced renal failure and metabolic dysfunction with several unmet medical needs. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of a special food additive (FLEXOVITAL) in a newly developed mouse model of reno-cardio-metabolic disease, induced by moderate renal failure in combination with a special Western diet. Method Male C57BL/6J mice (4 weeks old, n = 18) were subject to unilateral nephrectomy (UNX), fed a Western diet rich in fat carbohydrates and salt (WD), and were followed for 12 weeks compared with SHAM-operated mice on standard chow (n = 19). One group of UNX+WD mice (n = 8) was fed a food additive (FLEXOVITAL; FLX) containing extracts of Rhodiola rosea, beetroot, and the amino acids arginine and citrulline. Body weight (BW), blood pressure (tail-cuff), endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation (myograph), glucose metabolism (IPGTT), body fat and lean mass composition (DEXA), adipocyte area, renal function (Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) by plasma clearance of FITC-inulin), and mitochondrial function (Oroboros, High-resolution respirometry) were measured together with biochemical analysis of heart injury (Troponin-I), inflammation (IL6) and histological analyses of the kidney and heart. Results BW gain was seen in the UNX+WD and SHAM group, and was 25% less in the FLX group (p &amp;lt; 0.05). The fat/lean-mass ratio increased by 17% (p &amp;lt; 0.01) and the adipocyte area by 31% (p &amp;lt; 0.001) in the UNX+WD group but was virtually normalized in the FLX group (p &amp;lt; 0.01). Fasting and non-fasting glucose levels became elevated in the UNX+WD group and were reduced in the FLX group (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Impaired glucose clearance in the UNX+WD group, was partially prevented by FLX. BP significantly increased in the UNX+WD group (MAP = 78 → 90 mmHg, p &amp;lt; 0.001), and was largely prevented by FLX (MAP = 82 mmHg, p &amp;lt; 0.01). Endothelial function was significantly impaired in the UNX+WD group (p &amp;lt; 0.01) and partially preserved in the FLX group (p &amp;lt; 0.05). GFR was reduced by almost 60% in the UNX+WD group but improved with a 75% protective effect in the FLX group (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Significant glomerular injuries with mesangial proliferation were observed in the UNX+WD group (p &amp;lt; 0.001) but were less pronounced in the FLX group (p &amp;lt; 0.01). Tubular injury score (1-10) increased from 1 in SHAM to 6.5 in the UNX+WD group and was partly protected (4.5) in the FLX group (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Troponin-I levels were 15 pg/ml in the SHAM group, markedly increased in the UNX+WD group (p &amp;lt; 0.001), whereas completely reversed in the FLX group (p &amp;lt; 0.01). No significant histological cardiac injuries or deviations could be demonstrated. Inflammatory activity (IL6) increased by 88% in the UNX+WD there was a trend of reduction in mice with FLX. Mitochondrial oxygen efficiency (P/O ratio) was improved in the kidneys of the FLX group compared to the UNX+WD group (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusion In the present multiorgan disease model, significant renal, cardiovascular, and metabolic dysfunction/injuries emerge in mice with a moderate reduction of renal function when fed a Western diet rich in fat, carbohydrates, and salt. Protective effects were noted by dietary FLX treatment in most functional assessments made in the model. This indicates FLX is a potential new treatment in patients with reno-cardio-metabolic disease. The next phase involves confirming these findings in the clinical setting.

Diet-Induced Rodent Obesity Is Prevented and the Fecal Microbiome Is Improved with Elderberry (Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis) Juice Powder.

Anthocyanin-rich edible berries protect against diet-induced obesity in animal models. Prevention is mediated through the bidirectional relationship with the fecal microbiome, and gut-derived phenolic metabolite absorption increases with physical activity, which may influence bioactivity. The objective of this study was to test elderberry juice powder on the development of diet-induced obesity and its influence on the fecal microbiome alone or in combination with physical activity. Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to one of four treatments, including (1) high-fat diet without wheel access; (2) high-fat diet with unlimited wheel access; (3) high-fat diet supplemented with 10% elderberry juice powder without wheel access; and (4) high-fat diet supplemented with 10% elderberry juice powder with unlimited wheel access. Body weight gain, fat pads, and whole-body fat content in mice fed elderberry juice were significantly less than in mice fed the control diet independent of wheel access. At the end of the study, active mice fed elderberry juice ate significantly more than active mice fed a control diet. There was no difference in the physical activity between active groups. Elderberry juice increasedBifidobacterium, promotedAkkermansia and Anaeroplasma, and prevented the growth of Desulfovibrio. Elderberry juice is a potent inhibitor of diet-induced obesity with action mediated by the gut microbiota.

Effect of oral administration of microcin Y on growth performance, intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota of chicks challenged with Salmonella Pullorum

The lasso peptide microcin Y (MccY) effectively inhibits various serotypes of Salmonella in vitro, but the antibacterial effect against S. Pullorum in poultry is still unclear. This study was the first to evaluate the safety and anti-S. Pullorum infection of MccY in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks. The safety test showed that the body weight, IgA and IgM levels of serum, and cecal microbiota structure of 3 groups of chicks orally administrated with different doses of MccY (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg) for 14 days were not significantly different from those of the control group. Then, the chicks were randomized into 3 groups for the experiment of anti-S. Pullorum infection: (I) negative control group (NC), (II) S. Pullorum-challenged group (SP, 5 × 108 CFU/bird), (III) MccY-treated group (MccY, 20 mg/kg). The results indicated that compared to the SP group, treatment of MccY increased body weight and average daily gain (P < 0.05), reduced S. Pullorum burden in feces, liver, and cecum (P < 0.05), enhanced the thymus, and decreased the spleen and liver index (P < 0.05). Additionally, MccY increased the jejunal villus height, lowered the jejunal and ileal crypt depth (P < 0.05), and upregulated the expression of IL-4, IL-10, ZO-1 in the jejunum and ileum, as well as CLDN-1 in the jejunum (P < 0.05) compared to the SP group. Furthermore, MccY increased probiotic flora (Barnesiella, etc.), while decreasing (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of pathogenic flora (Escherichia and Salmonella, etc.) compared to the SP group.

The Synergistic Enhancement of Anti-Metabolic Diseases Function of Morus alba with the Combination of Cha [Camellia sinensis

Background: Functional foods play an important role in the prevention and ameliora-tion of metabolic syndromes leading to type 2 diabetes. Plant resources that have anti-metabolic syndromes activity, such as Morus alba L. and Cha [Camellia sinensis L.], have been used in functional foods against diabetes. Since Morus and Cha have different mechanisms of action against metabolic syndromes, such as prevention of sugar uptake and lipidosis, respectively, and the combination of both resources will be a reliable approach for developing more efficient functional food against type 2 diabetes because certain synergism is expected in their functions. Methods: Male Wister Rats were fed the high fat-high sucrose [HFHS] diet for 12 weeks, with and without supplementation of Morus and Cha alone and their combination, and the effect of their supplementation on the markers of the metabolic syndrome such as obesity, lipidosis, and fatty liver formation, were examined. Results: Several metabolic syndrome markers, including body weight gain, lipid deposit, and fatty liver formation, were more significantly prevented by the diet supplemented with Morus and Cha combination compared to Morus or Cha given separately . Conclusion: Appropriate formulation of food resources with different functional mechanisms is a promising strategy for developing effective dietary treatment of type 2 diabetes that is a typical Mibyou.

Effects of bamboo leaf flavonoids on growth performance, antioxidants, immune function, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbiota in broilers.

Bamboo leaf flavonoids (BLF) are the main bioactive ingredients in bamboo leaves. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and other effects. In this study, the effects of dietary BLF on growth performance, immune response, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota of broilers were investigated. A total of 288 broilers were divided into three groups with eight replicates and 12 birds in each replicate. Broilers were fed a basic diet or the basic diet supplemented with 1000 or 2000 mg kg-1 BLF for 56 days. The results showed that supplementation of BLF increased body weight (BW) and average daily weight gain (ADG), and reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P < 0.05). The serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) content of broilers in the BLF1000 group was increased and the interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content was decreased (P < 0.05). The levels of IgM and IL-10 in jejunum mucosa were found to be enhanced by BLF (P < 0.05). The BLF1000 group exhibited a significant reduction in the concentration of TNF-α (P < 0.05). Serum and jejunum mucosa total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels in the BLF1000 group were increased (P < 0.05). The serum catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) effects of the BLF1000 group and serum CAT effects of BLF2000 group were increased (P < 0.05). The CON group demonstrated a lower relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Oscillibacter than the BLF group (P < 0.05). Dietary BLF inclusion enhanced the growth performance, immune, and antioxidant functions, improved the intestinal morphology, and ameliorated the intestinal microflora structure in broiler. Adding 1000 mg kg-1 BLF to the broiler diet can be considered as an effective growth promoter. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Feeding Concentrate and Market Waste on the Performance of Collared Crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus)

In Indonesia, crickets (Gryllus sp.) are used as feed for pet animals, especially insectivorous animals, one of which is the kalung/collared cricket. Collared crickets have a short life cycle, high egg hatchability, fast growth, low feed conversion, and have softer body skin that is preferred by birds and other insectivorous animals. Feed is very important in intensive cricket rearing, especially in hatching crickets. The feed given to crickets is generally in the form of concentrates and leaves. This study aims to determine the effect of giving concentrates and market waste (kale, cabbage, cassava leaves) on the performance of collared crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus). This research was conducted at the Livestock Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, from March to April 2020. This research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomised design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of P0 = 100% market waste, P1 = 75% market waste + 25% concentrate, P2 = 50% market waste + 50% concentrate, P3 = 25% market waste + 75% concentrate. The results of this study showed that the provision of concentrate and market waste (kale, cabbage, and cassava leaves) had no significant effect on the performance of collared crickets. The average mortality in this study was 6.4%, the feed consumption value was 8.74 g/head/day, the average body weight gain was 0.43 g/head/day, and the average feed conversion was 20.71 g/head. In conclusion as there is no difference between each treatment on cricket performance, the 100% market waste treatment can be used for collared cricket feed.

The total saponins from Chinese onion exert pronounced anti-hypercholesterolaemia activity in mice

AbstractChinese onion (Allium chinense G. Don) is an edible vegetable as well as a traditional Chinese medicine. It is rich in steroidal saponins and possesses broad health benefits. In this study, the optimal extraction protocol of the total saponins from Chinese onion (ACS) was explored, and the content of the total steroidal saponins in ACS reached 56.62%. Network pharmacology was applied to predict the related signalling pathways and targets between the main phytochemicals in ACS and hypercholesterolaemia. Enrichment analysis showed that ACS might intervene hypercholesterolaemia through the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Meanwhile, cholesterol-lowering effects were verified by ACS intervention in high-cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolaemia in Kunming mice. Compared with the model group, the TC and LDL-C levels of mice were decreased and the HDL-C level increased significantly after administration of ACS at a dose of 200 mg kg−1 day−1. The body weight gain, liver index, and atherosclerosis index all decreased dramatically. ACS could significantly reduce the fat content in the liver and reduce the number of fat droplets from the haematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining of mouse liver. The immunohistochemical staining indicated that ACS could up-regulate the expression of PI3K protein in the liver, thus playing an anti-hypercholesterolaemic role. This study indicated that ACS exhibited significant therapeutic and preventive effects on hypercholesterolaemia, and exerted anti-hypercholesterolaemia through the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway.

Boric Acid in Milk Replacer as a Health Enhancer and Growth Promoter for Lambs in the Suckling Period.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of boric acid supplementation in milk replacer of lambs in the suckling period on performance, biochemical parameters, the antioxidant system, fecal culture, and expression of some genes. During the suckling period, 60 lambs (4days old) were randomly given four levels of boric acid (0, 30, 60, and 90mg/kg body weight) via milk replacer for 57days. The lambs supplemented with boric acid had a higher weight gain and better feed conversion ratio. Boric acid supplementation quadratically increased serum triglyceride, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, serum antioxidant activity and oxidative stress biomarkers, and fecal flora and decreased IL1β, IL10, iNOS, NF-kB, and TNF-α gene expressions. The effect of boric acid on rumen papilla development could not be determined since the animals were not slaughtered. In conclusion, the use of boric acid to lambs in the suckling period improved the average weekly body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency, positively affected some biochemical parameters, antioxidant system, and intestinal flora, and also affected gene expressions related to the immune system. Boric acid supplementation had a beneficial effect on the health and growth of suckling lambs.

Is coffee effective on food intake in high fat diet-fed obese rats?

Objective: Coffee might be effective in the treatment of obesity with its high polyphenol and caffeine content. In this regard, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different coffee types on body weight, food intake, and biochemical parameters in obese rats. Methods: Wistar Albino adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups (one control and three coffee groups) after obesity development (after six weeks), and three types of coffee (Turkish coffee, instant coffee, filter coffee) administration were performed for two weeks. Results: Food consumption was statistically significantly lower in the Turkish coffee (15,6±1,06 g/d) and filter coffee group (16,9±0,8 g/d) compared to the control group (18,5±0,6) in the eighth-week (p&lt;0.001). At the end of two weeks, there is no difference between the groups regarding weight in the rats (p&gt;0.05). However, the body weight gain (g) change was lower in the Turkish coffee group (p&lt;0.001). There was no significant difference between groups in biochemical parameters. However, negative correlations were obtained between NE (ng/L), Leptin (ng/ml), Adiponectin (mg/L), UCP-1 (ng/L), UCP-2 (ng/L), UCP-3 (ng/L) and average energy intake (kcal) in Turkish coffee administrated rats. Conclusion: According to the study results, coffee consumption, especially Turkish coffee, has a reducing effect on food intake. This effect is likely due to the higher phenolic content of the given Turkish coffee than the same amount of filter and instant coffee. Further studies are needed to explain the effects of coffee consumption on body weight and other casual relationships, especially in the long term.

Metabolomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanism related to leg abnormality in broilers

AbstractRapid body weight gain in broilers overloads the metabolic system of the organism, resulting in leg abnormalities, which seriously affects animal welfare and industry economics. In this study, broilers with normal and deformed leg bones were examined. Serum biochemical indices showed that the serum calcium to phosphorus ratio was extremely decreased in leg deformed group. In addition, abnormal serum lipid levels suggested a disruption in lipid metabolism. Based on widely targeted metabonomic analysis of serum and cartilage tissues, a total of nine differential metabolites (DMs) significantly associated with leg abnormalities and serum calcium and phosphorus levels were screened, including carnitine C16:0, carnitine C18:1, 3‐hydroxymethyl‐L‐tyrosine, cis‐4‐hydroxy‐D‐proline, cis‐L‐3‐hydroxyproline, trans‐4‐hydroxy‐L‐proline, and so on. Pathway analysis revealed that fatty acid degradation and arachidonic acid metabolism were enriched. Analysis of DMs in these two pathways showed that prostaglandin D2, prostaglandin J2, prostaglandin A2, 15‐keto prostaglandin F2α, and Δ12‐prostaglandin J2 significantly differed between the normal and abnormal groups. It was hypothesized that these important metabolic pathways and metabolites were involved in the metabolic regulation of leg abnormalities.

Influence of Ascorbic Acid on Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate-induced Ovarian Gene Alterations in Pubertal Female Wistar Rats

Background: Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer compound affecting female reproduction, leads to scenarios, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and infertility through oxidative stress (OS) mechanisms. Ascorbic acid (AA) is one of the antioxidants in infertility issues. Objectives: The present study investigates the ameliorative effect of AA on DEHP-induced ovarian toxicity in pubertal female Wistar rats. Materials and methods: Thirty female Wistar rats of four weeks of age were stratified into five groups. Group I was treated with corn oil (Vehicle), groups II and III with low and high dose DEHP, and groups IV and V with low and high dose DEHP+AA were administered for 30 days. Results: Increased body weight gain was noted in DEHP groups. Estradiol hormone was considerably reduced, whereas progesterone levels were increased in both low- and high-dose DEHP-treated groups. DEHP+AA groups have shown significant ( p &lt; 0.005) protection of these hormone levels as equal to the control group. The high-dose DEHP group shows an increased, ovarian estrogen receptor (ER) alpha, ER-beta, and progesterone receptor gene expression, and DEHP+AA groups have significantly ( p &lt; 0.005) showed expression similar to the control. OS was noted with decreased superoxide dismutase and increased malondialdehyde expression in Group III (GR III) compared to control, whereas the DEHP+AA treated group significantly protected OS by restoring the expression levels. DEHP-treated groups show elevated levels of both Bcl-2 and BAX which is specific to apoptotic expression and restored by AA treatment ( p &lt; 0.005). Conclusion: Evidence suggests that AA may protect against DEHP-induced ovarian toxicity by decreasing OS levels, improving folliculogenesis, and restoring the hormonal with receptor level alterations.

Chronic administration of hydrolysed pine nut oil to mice improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance and increases energy expenditure via a free fatty acid receptor 4-dependent mechanism.

A healthy diet is at the forefront of measures to prevent type 2 diabetes. Certain vegetable and fish oils, such as pine nut oil (PNO), have been demonstrated to ameliorate the adverse metabolic effects of a high-fat diet. The present study study investigates the involvement of the free fatty acid receptors 1 (FFAR1) and 4 (FFAR4) in the chronic activity of hydrolysed PNO (hPNO) on high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Male C57BL/6J wild-type, FFAR1 knockout (-/-) and FFAR4-/- mice were placed on 60% high-fat diet for 3 months. Mice were then dosed hPNO for 24 days, during which time body composition, energy intake and expenditure, glucose tolerance and fasting plasma insulin, leptin and adiponectin were measured. hPNO improved glucose tolerance and decreased plasma insulin in the wild-type and FFAR1-/- mice, but not the FFAR4-/- mice. hPNO also decreased high-fat diet-induced bodyweight gain and fat mass, whilst increasing energy expenditure and plasma adiponectin. None of these effects on energy balance were statistically significant in FFAR4-/- mice but it was not shown that they were significantly less than in wild-type mice. In conclusion, chronic hPNO supplementation reduces the metabolically detrimental effects of high-fat diet on obesity and insulin resistance in a manner that is dependent on the presence of FFAR4.

Acute Vigorous Exercise Decreases Subsequent Non-Exercise Physical Activity and Body Temperature Linked to Weight Gain.

Exercise benefits the body and mind, but its weight loss effect is less than generally expected. Although this phenomenon is likely due to an exercise intensity-dependent decrease in non-exercise physical activity (NEPA), resulting in a decrease in non-exercise activity thermogenesis, the underlying mechanisms and effects of exercise intensity remain unknown. Here we show that acute vigorous exercise decreases subsequent NEPA and body temperature (BT) in association with body weight gain. Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were categorized into three groups: sedentary, moderate exercise, and vigorous exercise, with exercise groups undergoing a 30 min treadmill session. Using an intraperitoneally implanted activity monitor, NEPA and BT were monitored for two days before and three days after exercise. The daily synchrony between NEPA and BT was evaluated using a cross-correlation function. Plasma corticosterone was also detected 6 and 24 h after exercise. Notably, Only the vigorous exercise group exhibited a decline in both NEPA and BT, resulting in body weight gain the following day, despite no observed changes in food intake. Furthermore, vigorous exercise induces a distinct delay in the daily dynamics of NEPA compared to BT. A positive correlation was observed between plasma corticosterone levels and changes in NEPA levels before and after exercise across all exercise groups. Our findings provide evidence for vigorous exercise-specific reduction in subsequent NEPA, BT, and their synchrony linked to weight gain, likely due to the disturbed circadian rhythm of corticosterone. This is an initial investigation redefining the significance of exercise intensity in beneficial effects beyond the energy expenditure of the exercise itself.