Body Training Research Articles

Electromagnetic Disturbance Source Modeling Scheme and its Interference Estimation of Medium–Low-Speed Maglev Train Interior

Magnetic fields from the linear motor, suspended electromagnet, and collector shoe arcing are the three main electromagnetic interference (EMI) sources for the medium–low-speed maglev train interior. Under their collective influence, the field intensity may exceed the standard threshold, consequently affecting the operational reliability of the train system. However, in previous studies, the EMI sources were analyzed separately, and studies regarding the influence of factors such as the motor states and the train body (TB) shielding against arcing EMI were lacking. Therefore, in this paper, all three EMI source are considered, and an EM disturbance source modeling scheme is proposed using the COMSOL software platform. Its effectiveness is demonstrated and the train interior magnetic field is analyzed, primarily with respect to prior simulations and tests. Subsequent analyses enable a comparative assessment of the individual contributions of each EMI source to the overall interference, considering the EMI control standards. The influence of other EMI source parameters, such as different motor states, is analyzed, and the potential for modifying the material composition and structural thickness of the TB is explored to determine the appropriate EMI inhibition strategy.

Extended Pantograph–Catenary Arc Modeling and an Analysis of the Vehicular-Grounding Electromagnetic Transients of Electric Multiple Units

As the operating speed of electric multiple units (EMUs) in high-speed railways increases, pantograph–catenary (PC) detachment arcing occurs frequently. The resulting vehicular-grounding electromagnetic transients are related to the dynamic characteristics of the arc length. During large detachment, the processes of arc extinction and arc reignition may occur, resulting in more severe train body (TB) over-voltages and adverse effects on some vehicular electronic devices. As an extension of the previous works, this paper aims to establish a suitable PC arc model to examine the TB transient voltages. To begin with, the arc length dynamic characteristics are reasonably analyzed to deduce the relationship between the detachment distance and the arc length via the chain arc model. Then, the dynamic characteristics of the arc length are introduced, and an arc modeling scheme is proposed to elaborate the vehicle-grid electric power model for EMUs encountering various arcing scenarios. Based on this, the transient over-voltages are analyzed, accounting for both the arc extinction and arc reignition, as well as the mutual influences of multiple detachments in a short time. The influential factors, including arc length characteristics, phase angle, excitation inductance, and grounding parameters, are also involved in the performed analyses.

Troubling the Training: A Reflexive Dialogue on Decolonizing Performance Pedagogies in the Philippines and Malaysia

Where should we begin a dialogue about decolonizing and reimagining performance pedagogies in the Southeast Asian context? We first met when we were completing the Choreomundus International MA in Dance Knowledge, Practice, and Heritage in Europe and we are now pursuing our PhD degrees in Australia and Canada. Our dialogue opens by offering a contextualization of land grabbing and the exploitation of resources in the Philippines before delving into the relationship between land and body through careful reflection on our own bodily training. We are convinced that violence against land and body can be undone only through Indigenous sovereignty, by mobilizing the intergenerational knowledge that resides in Indigenous bodies. Decolonizing pedagogies enable an unlearning of the ways in which colonialism has been written on bodies. Integration as a decolonial method is not only about integrating performance elements, but is also about shifting towards a pedagogy of performance that empowers the Indigenous, minorities, and the marginalized, and integrates their clamor for land, social justice, and equity in the process of recreating cultural performances. By situating our personal journeys within the social and political contexts of our home countries and of the countries in which we have been educated, we hope that this dialogue offers an intimate consideration of what non-Indigenous and postcolonial scholars can contribute to the conversation around decolonizing performance pedagogies.

Research on Transient Over-Voltages of High-Speed Train Passing Articulated Split-Section Insulator

The electromagnetic transient processes generated as a high-speed train (HST) passes the articulated split-section insulator cause over-voltages on the train roof and train body (TB), and thereby, an adverse effect is exerted on the electronic equipment. By this view, this article focuses on identifying the root causes and influencing factors pertinent to over-voltages. To begin with, the state-space analysis method is adopted to examine the probability and characteristics of arcing. Subsequently, the integrated vehicle-grid models associated with the split-section arcing are established to precisely simulate the over-voltage phenomenon in the independent transient processes of entering and leaving the insulator. The obtained results indicate that the hazardous over-voltages can be easily produced, and the behaviors of surges on the TB are very similar to that in the processes of rising and dropping pantograph. The influences of different variables, including the feeder phase, vehicle speed, lifting height, TB grounding pattern, and other HST’s simultaneous arcing impacts, are further revealed to discuss possible over-voltage suppression measures.

Influence of the Distributed Grounding Layout for Intercity Trains on the “Train–Rail” Circumflux

The mobile distributed grounding system plays an irreplaceable role in discharging power for intercity trains, including two types of grounding settings (GSs): the working GS provides the pathway for discharging the traction current; the protective GS provides the reference grounding potential for the vehicle-mounted equipment. As both working and protective GSs share the rail as the common current-releasing pathway, the traction current released by working GSs might return the carriage through the adjacent protective GSs, forming as the train body (TB) current which threatens the vehicle-mounted electrical equipment. Herein, an equivalent circuit of the mobile distributed grounding system is built to analyze the TB current. For evaluating the influence brought by TB current on the vehicle-mounted equipment, a 3D finite element (FEM) geometry is launched, meanwhile the comparison of the multi-physical distributions is undertaken when applying different grounding layouts, with the emphasis of the highlighted region containing critical devices.

Body into Narrative: Behavioral and Neurophysiological Signatures of Action Text Processing After Ecological Motor Training

Embodied cognition research indicates that sensorimotor training can influence action concept processing. Yet, most studies employ isolated (pseudo)randomized stimuli and require repetitive single-effector responses, thus lacking ecological validity. Moreover, the neural signatures of these effects remain poorly understood. Here, we examined whether immersive bodily training can modulate behavioral and functional connectivity correlates of action-verb processing in naturalistic narratives. The study involved three phases. First, in the Pre-training phase, 32 healthy persons listened to an action text (rich in movement descriptions) and a non-action text (focused on its characters’ perceptual and mental processes), completed comprehension questionnaires, and underwent resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. Second, in the four-day Training phase, half the participants completed an exergaming intervention (eliciting full-body movements for 60 min a day) while the remaining half played static videogames (requiring no bodily engagement other than button presses). Finally, in the Post-training phase, all participants repeated the Pre-training protocol with different action and non-action texts and a new EEG session. We found that exergaming selectively reduced action-verb outcomes and fronto-posterior functional connectivity in the motor-sensitive ∼ 10–20 Hz range, both patterns being positively correlated. Conversely, static videogame playing yielded no specific effect on any linguistic category and did not modulate functional connectivity. Together, these findings suggest that action-verb processing and key neural correlates can be focally influenced by full-body motor training in a highly ecological setting. Our study illuminates the role of situated experience and sensorimotor circuits in action-concept processing, addressing calls for naturalistic insights on language embodiment.

North Korean Calligraphy: Gender, Intimacy, and Political Incorporation, 1980s–2010s

AbstractA ubiquitous part of everyday life, North Korean calligraphy is an easily overlooked and yet integral element of the country’s mass mobilization art. Under the curation of Kim Jong Il (Kim Chŏngil, 1941–2011), calligraphy was mobilized as a mechanism for the articulation of organistic national unity centered on the ruling Kim family and captured through the idea of the “social and political living body” (sahoe chŏngch’i chŏk saengmyŏngch’e), which mediated the familial transition of power. Cultivating penmanship identical to that of his father and expanding the hagiographic project around the revolutionary calligraphy of his parents, Kim Il Sung (Kim Ilsŏng, 1912–94) and Kim Jong Suk (Kim Chŏngsuk, 1917–49), Kim Jong Il worked out an image of charismatic familial embodiment by means of the script. In addition, calligraphy constitutes a disciplinary apparatus that coordinates performances of political intimacy, bodily training, and political interpretation within the space of everyday life. Drawing on the North Korean calligraphy textbooks, art periodicals, and visual archive, this article contextualizes the dichotomy of the idiosyncratic style of the male leaders and the feminized, ubiquitous Ch’ŏngbong style, connected with the figure of Kim Jong Suk. Special attention is given to the body symbolism and somatic discipline of North Korean calligraphy, which underlie its political efficacy as inscriptional and hermeneutic practice.

Evaluation of Physical Education Teaching Quality Based on the Random Multivariate Matrix Convolution Neural Network Model

With the non-stop merchandising and improvement of bodily training instructing reform, the institution of a couple of getting to know the assessment and evaluation mannequin of bodily training different educating impact can stimulate the enthusiasm and activity in sports activities and learning, which is useful to domesticate students’ cognizance of lifelong bodily exercise. In the educating process, through the integration technique of varied instructing methods, this paper explores the issues present in the method of bodily training reform, places ahead a diverse bodily training instructing impact assessment mannequin that meets the wants of customized intelligence education and construction, and makes use of the technique of empirical evaluation to affirm the comparison model. In order to reflect the effect of physical training effectively and accurately, a convolution neural neighbourhood model based totally completely on the random multivariate matrix is proposed to reflect on consideration on the excellent of bodily education. The overall performance of the prediction accuracy assessment mannequin is evaluated via the simulation test and in contrast with the standard approach model. The experimental information is that the average assessment accuracy of the single convolution neural community mannequin is 82.15%, whilst the common comparison accuracy of the convolution neural community mannequin based totally on the random multivariate matrix is 97.58%, and the prediction accuracy is increased by means of 15.43%. The common prediction error of the single convolution neural community mannequin is 0.97, and the common error is 0.91, the common error is decreased by using 0.05. It shows that the random multivariate matrix convolution neural neighbourhood model can efficaciously realize the evaluation of instructing quality.

Sports Injury Epidemiology: Foundation of Evidence of, by, and for Athletic Trainers.

Sports Injury Epidemiology: Foundation of Evidence of, by, and for Athletic Trainers.

Training the mind: The ascetic path to self-transformation in late antique Christian monasticism

ABSTRACT Christian asceticism assumes that human beings can profoundly transform themselves over years of systematic training, with divine aid. This contribution joins recent scholarship in stressing the therapeutic and transformative dimensions of asceticism, but argues that it was not solely or primarily through bodily training that asceticism implemented this program. In the Eastern monastic tradition of late antiquity, it was primarily the mind that needed to be transformed and renewed through ascetic practice. The form of asceticism at the center of this study thus involves a disciplined and systematic attempt to purify the mind and train attention, in the service of contemplation.

Analysis of EMI from Pantograph-catenary Arc on Speed Sensor Based on the High-speed Train Model

There will be the pantograph-catenary arc (PCA) when the pantograph of a high-speed train is separated from the power supply line, and the electromagnetic interference (EMI) caused by the PCA can affect speed sensors of the train. To study the influence of the PCA, firstly, the traction control unit (TCU) speed sensor of the high-speed train is researched. The result shows both overvoltage and electromagnetic radiation (EMR) generated by the PCA can influence the signal of speed sensor. Secondly, the composite model of the train is established. Then, the interference of the PCA on the TCU speed sensor is verified. The results of practical measurements show the PCA causes a maximum overvoltage of 680 V on train body (TB) and increases the magnetic field around TB to a maximum of 58 dBµA/m. This is the reason of sensor malfunction, which is consistent with the theoretical and simulation results. Finally, the methods to reduce the EMI of the PCA are proposed.

Raktim Pariwar’s Red Lanterns: Dance and Cultural Revolution in Nepal

The Nepali communist cultural group Raktim Pariwar (literally “Family of Blood”) stands out among the many such groups in Nepal for their songs and especially for their dances. Active since 1987, their ideology and aesthetics have been strongly influenced by Chinese communism. While this is true of most Nepali communist parties and associated cultural groups, Raktim was the first to seriously engage with the Chinese Cultural Revolution Model Works and incorporate aspects of their choreography into their own dances. Striving to make dance revolutionary and international while grounded in local realities, they aimed to synthesize Chinese styles with Nepali folk styles in order to express and awaken “revolutionary spirit” in performers and audiences. The style they created has since come to characterize Nepali revolutionary dance across political party lines. This article examines three decades of Raktim’s engagement with Cultural Revolution ideologies and artistic products within the broader international leftist emphasis on bodily training as cultivation of revolutionary persons, and shows how dance remains central to their efforts to develop “revolutionary spirit” to this day.

“You’ve got to have core muscles”: Cultivating hardworking bodies among white-collar women in urban China

Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork on young white-collar women training bodies after work in Shanghai, I demonstrate that core muscles serve as visual indexes of discipline and hard-work, and that women create social spaces to collectively cultivate such dispositions. The socially sanctioned value of core muscles is connected to the discourse of ‘having it all’ increasingly popular among professional women in corporate, urban China. This paper elaborates on how bodily training transposes dispositions of work ethics beyond the workplace and on women’s anxieties about their bodies at the intersection of productive and reproductive demands from the society. This paper builds on and critiques existing approaches to the body, and attends not only to the woman’s body at the intersection of production and reproduction but also to the social aspect of bodily training in spaces between home and work.

Grounding Behavior and Optimization Analysis of Electric Multiple Units in High-Speed Railways

In high-speed railways (HSRs), the overvoltages and overcurrents of train body (TB) are two critical issues for the grounding safety and reliable operation of the electric multiple units (EMUs). Running of EMUs inevitably encounters all kinds of electromagnetic transient scenarios, resulting in unfavorable surges on the TB. To restrain the surges, some grounding optimization countermeasures, such as adding groundings, have been proved to be effective for some scenarios but easily bring more rail currents into TB. Besides, only one or two operational scenarios are focused on the previous optimization design. Therefore, this article implements the grounding behavior and optimization analysis stemming from more comprehensive consideration. Typical EMUs are taken as an instance for establishing the accurate vehicle-grid models of all kinds of scenarios. Using EMTP simulations, both the TB voltages and TB currents in different grounding layouts and grounding resistances are analyzed and compared, focusing on each scenario. An optimization scheme is designed according to the comparison results. Finally, the Gini coefficient approach and entropy weight method are first applied to demonstrate the validity of optimization design, with the aim to suppress both the electromagnetic transient surges on TB and the return currents of entering TB to the maximum degree.

Research on Electromagnetic Transient Processes of Long Marshalling High-Speed Train Passing Articulated Split-Phase Region

When a long marshaling high-speed train (HST) with two raised pantographs passes an articulated split-phase region, there will be eight electromagnetic transient processes along with pantograph arcing. These transients cause over-voltage in the train body (TB), which can have a negative effect on the train's electronic equipment. In view of this issue, this paper closely analyzes the different transient processes generated by an HST passing a split-phase region. The analysis focuses on identifying the root causes and influencing factors relating to each transient process, examining, in particular, the capacitive coupling between TB and overhead contact system and the capacitive coupling between TB and the neutral wire. The results of this analysis are then used to establish Bergeron mathematical models that can be used to derive and study the eight independent transient processes. This leads to the generation of more detailed models that can be used to accurately simulate the phenomenon according to different variables, such as the phase difference of feeders, with Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) software. The analysis results demonstrate that the hazardous PH over-voltages and TB over-voltages are easily generated. This paper concludes by drawing upon the simulation results to discuss possible over-voltage suppression measures, such as phase and grounding optimization for the pantograph and TB.

EncounteringSupai: An Ecology of Spiritual Perception in the Ecuadorian Amazon

AbstractIn this article I set out to draw an “ecology” of spiritual perception among the Runa of the Ecuadorian Amazon. In particular, I look at the ways in whichsupaibeings—forest spirits—are perceived by the Runa through two main sensory modalities: smelling and dreaming. Inspired by recent advances in the anthropology of religious learning, I then explore how certain Runa people—those who have undertaken a bodily training known assasi—are more likely than others to encountersupaibeings. This ritual training is conceived ascorporeallearning. I conclude by suggesting that attention and self‐attention developed during such corporeal practices play a central role in the perception of forest spirits. [spirits, perception, attention, learning, Amazonia]

A moving story: Whole-body motor training selectively improves the appraisal of action meanings in naturalistic narratives

This study examined whether systematic whole-body stimulation and increased attention to visuospatial motion patterns can enhance the appraisal of action meanings evoked by naturalistic texts. Participants listened to action and neutral (non-action) narratives before and after videogame-based bodily training, and responded to questions on information realized by verbs (denoting abstract and action processes) and circumstances (conveying locative or temporal details, for example). Strategically, we worked with dyslexic children, whose potential comprehension deficits could give room to post-training improvements. Results showed a selective boost in understanding of action information, even when controlling for baseline performance. Also, this effect proved uninfluenced by short-term memory skills, and it was absent when training relied on non-action videogames requiring minimal bodily engagement. Of note, the movements described in the texts did not match those performed by participants, suggesting that well-established effector- and direction-specific language embodiment effects may be accompanied by more coarse-grained sensorimotor resonance, driven by activation of motor and visuospatial sensory systems. In sum, the stimulation of movement-related mechanisms seems to selectively boost the appraisal of actions evoked by naturalistic texts. By demonstrating such links between two real-life activities, our study offers an empirical tie between embodied and situated accounts of cognition.

Evaluation Scheme for EMI of Train Body Voltage Fluctuation on the BCU Speed Sensor Measurement

The voltage fluctuation between the train body (TB) and the train’s wheel axis (TB voltage fluctuation for short), might cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) on brake control unit (BCU) speed sensor in some high-speed trains (HSTs), which may cause faulty measurement of train speed and incorrect operation of train door. Using a relevant event that occurred in China railways high-speed 380CL-type train as case study, this paper presents an evaluation scheme for the EMI influence of TB voltage fluctuation on the speed measurement of BCU speed sensor. First, the EMI channels are researched, and a model representing the relation between TB voltage and voltage signal reflecting measured speed is deduced. Second, an evaluation scheme for speed measurement influenced by EMI is designed on this basis, where TB voltage and voltage signal reflecting measured speed are taken as the input and the output of model, respectively. The evaluation aimed at EMI is realized by judging the correctness of model output. Later, a real-life experiment is performed in the Chinese Nanjing station to verify the validity and feasibility of evaluation scheme. Last, some application studies are made to evaluate the presented scheme under multiple specific conditions, such as different TB contact conditions or different train speeds. The comparison results illustrate that the scheme can not only provide an opportunity to judge the correctness of speed measurement under the premise of collecting TB voltages, but also provide references in taking timely measures to prevent faulty speed measurement such as weakening TB voltage fluctuations.

A Systematic EMTP Impedance Modeling Scheme Aimed at Train Body in High-Speed Railway

The voltage problem generally exists in the high-speed train (HST) and may influence the train’s normal operation. It is important to analyze the voltage of train body (TB) for safety protection. Taking China railways high-speed 380CL-type train as an example, by means of electromagnetic transients program, this paper proposes a systematic train impedance modeling scheme that is only aimed at low-frequency electrical conditions. Based on the effective analysis regarding the influence factors of TB voltages, this scheme is elaborated. At first, through investigation, only the modeling of impedance parameters of TB and rail is involved, and the measured operation grounding currents are selected as the external sources of model. Next, the model impedance parameters are determined by theoretical calculations or experimental measurements for establishing the final model. Last, based on three different HST operation conditions, experiments are implemented in the Chinese Nanjing electric multiple unit station. The effectiveness of modeling scheme is demonstrated by the comparisons of many model simulations and experimental measurement results, which not only indicates that the assumptions and simplifications in modeling are reasonable, but also illustrates that the scheme can assess the TB voltages for different low-frequency electrical conditions and different HST types.

The Martial as the Mystical: Taekwondo as Orthodox Christian Contemplative Practice

The Martial as the Mystical: Taekwondo as Orthodox Christian Contemplative Practice Brian Butcher (bio) INTRODUCTION This article explores the potential for interpreting taekwondo as an Orthodox Christian contemplative practice. Certainly it is not an obvious connection given the disparate origins of the Korean martial art and the various Eastern Christian traditions. Yet, viewing the former in light of the latter seems both viable and valuable. Taekwondo is currently the most popular martial art in the world, exceeding seventy million practitioners in over two hundred countries; it is also a core sport in the Olympic Games. Eastern Christians around the world train and compete in taekwondo at all levels. Even so, to what extent is the distinctive ethos of Orthodox spirituality generally amenable to the practice of martial arts? Further, how do the specific characteristics of taekwondo favor its integration into an Eastern Christian Weltanschauung? BACKGROUND Such questions invite engagement with a lively conversation currently taking place concerning the place of sport within Christian spirituality.1 In A Brief Theology of Sport, Lincoln Harvey provides an adroit reading of the historical ambivalence of the church towards sport, including European martial arts. Saint Paul made conspicuous use of multiple athletic metaphors, contending, “For while bodily training is of some value, godliness is of value in every way, as it holds promise for the present life and also for the life to come” (1 Tim. 4:8 English Standard Version). Nevertheless, the Christian tradition has been reluctant to affirm a “full-bodied” appreciation of sport. Harvey observes that a dissonant chord resonates, whether one sounds out the New Testament, the patristic period, the Middle Ages or the Reformation. This chord results from three “notes”: the modest use of sport as a source for the rhetoric of Christian discipleship, or even as a practical tool for bodily health (“instrumentalism”); the critique of sport as marred by pagan associations, conducive to the inflammation of the passions at best and idolatry at worst (“opposition”); and a reluctant approbation of sport as an intractable dimension of human experience which had to be tolerated, and might even be co-opted (“popularity”).2 Harvey’s “historical soundings,” particularly the ambiguous approach of the [End Page 197] church to the jousting tournaments of medieval knights, invite reflection on how one might approach taekwondo as a sport similarly characterized by martial play. Click for larger view View full resolution Adriano Biriba © 2017 João Saidler Fotografia. Following his review of the relevant history, Harvey elaborates an original theoretical paradigm. It is one that inspires the present probing of “the martial as the mystical” (although the author does not himself proceed in this direction). His thesis is that sport can be fruitfully conceived of as a “liturgical celebration of contingency,” as an activity which enables people to have a communal experience of gratuitousness. The uniqueness of sport consists in its being “autotelic,” such as serving no purpose but itself (namely, the arbitrary internal aims of any given game). Sports are played, as we like to say, “just for fun,” even if they often leave numerous personal and social goods in their wake.3 In response to his recognition of the need for further thought on the matter, I would argue that martial arts, in contrast, can be seen as occupying a distinct space on the margins of sport, between sports themselves and certain cardinal activities which lie beyond it. Taekwondo as “played” within the Olympics, for example, certainly fulfills Allen Guttmann’s definition of sport, which Harvey cites approvingly: “a regulated, physical contest that serves its own ends.” Nonetheless, its distinct provenance and purpose are belied by what actually transpires. Consider that while it is a ball that is kicked (or head-butted) in soccer; or bumped, smashed and blocked in volleyball; hit in baseball (with a stick); or thrown and caught [End Page 198] in football, it is other people who are the object of such actions in martial arts and this reveals that these pursuits lack the element of arbitrariness characteristic of sport. In some quarters, like the Korean military, taekwondo is still officially practiced as a preparation for actual combat; in other quarters its primary end is physical...