Body Temperature Of Infants Research Articles

Consistency of the Non-Invasive Monitoring Preemie Car Seat (PreeCASE) Device in Assessing Heart Rate, SpO2 Level, and Body Temperature of the Infants

Advancements in technology have made pulse oximeter devices the preferred choice for parents monitoring their baby's health. However, existing devices present challenges for infants, especially preemies, who need continuous monitoring after being discharged from the hospital. Using conventional baby car seats with wired connections and unstable external vital sign monitors may lead to inaccurate data readings. To resolve this issue, the non-invasive monitoring preemie car seat (PreeCASE) device is well-developed. In this study, we focus on investigating the consistency of the PreeCASE device in assessing the heart rate, SpO2 level, and body temperature of healthy infants. For the methods, ten healthy infants are selected to use the PreeCASE device, and the data is collected and analyzed using standard procedure. The PreeCASE device provides consistent data readings for the three main physiological parameters, heart rate SpO2 level, and body temperature that are displayed on an LCD screen based on the user’s respective levels. The PreeCASE device is precisely designed to facilitate easy and rapid monitoring of infants, especially preemie infants. This innovative device holds significant potential to improve and support pediatricians in effectively caring for infants in Malaysia.

Pengaruh Kompres Bawang Merah Plus Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Terhadap Penurunan Suhu Tubuh Pasca Imunisasi Difteri Pertusis Tetanus (DPT)

The incidence of fever following DPT (Difteri Pertusis Tetanus) immunisation is relatively high, often necessitating treatment with fever-reducing drugs, which may have adverse effects on infants. Therefore, non-pharmacological methods that are effective, safe, economical, and practical are essential. This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of an onion compress combined with virgin coconut oil (VCO) in reducing body temperature in infants following DPT immunization. The study employed a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The study population consisted of infants who received DPT immunization in the midwife's independent practice (PMB) working area at the Pudak Payung Health Centre, Semarang, with a total sample size of 48 infants selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, analysed using descriptive statistics, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Prior to the intervention, 47 infants (45.92%) exhibited fever, and 1 infant (2.08%) had a high fever post-immunisation. Following the application of the shallot compress with VCO, all infants (100%) showed a reduction in body temperature, with none experiencing fever thereafter. The analysis indicated a significant effect of the onion compress combined with VCO on reducing body temperature (Z = -6.042, p < 0.01). The average body temperature of infants post-DPT immunisation decreased from a mean of 38.5°C before the intervention to 37°C afterwards. In conclusion, the use of an onion compress with VCO effectively reduces body temperature in infants following DPT immunization. This non-pharmacological approach presents a promising alternative to conventional fever management strategies.

Continuous monitoring using thermography can capture the heat oscillations maintaining body temperature in neonates

The body temperature of infants at equilibrium with their surroundings is balanced between heat production from metabolism and the transfer of heat to the environment. Total heat production is related to body size, which is closely related to metabolic rate and oxygen consumption. Body temperature control is a crucial aspect of neonatal medicine but we have often struggled with temperature measures. Contactless infrared thermography (IRT) is useful for vulnerable neonates and may be able to assess their spontaneous thermal metabolism. The present study focused on heat oscillations and their cause. IRT was used to measure the skin temperature every 15 s of neonates in an incubator. We analyzed the thermal data of 27 neonates (32 measurements), calculated the average temperature within specified regions, and extracted two frequency components—Components A and B—using the Savitzky–Golay method. Furthermore, we derived an equation describing the cycle—named cycle T—for maintaining body temperature according to body weight. A positive correlation was observed between cycle T and Component B (median [IQR]: 368 [300–506] s). This study sheds light on the physiological thermoregulatory function of newborns and will lead to improved temperature management methods for newborns, particularly premature, low-birth-weight infants.

Application of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) Method to Maintain Body Temperature Stability of Low Birth Weight (LBW) Babies at Toto Kabila Gorontalo Hospital

Background: LBW infants are infants born with a weight of less than 2500 grams. Due to their larger surface area-to-body weight ratio, they are highly susceptible to thermoregulation system disturbances, such as hypothermia. One non-pharmacological intervention to maintain body temperature in infants is the Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) method, as it helps stabilize heart rate and respiration and reduces the risk of infections in infants. Aim: To describe the results of applying the KMC method to LBW infants at RSUD Toto Kabila Regional Public Hospital. Method: The study design used is a descriptive case study involving three participants. The data will be presented using tables and described to illustrate the results and describe the application of the KMC method on LBW infants. Result: All three respondents experienced different increases in body temperature after applying the KMC method. The highest temperature increase was 1.9°C, while the lowest temperature increase was 1°C. Conclusion: The application of the KMC method was able to maintain normal body temperature stability, as demonstrated by the pre- and post-measurement results of body temperature after three days of applying the method on three LBW infants at RSUD Toto Kabila Regional Public Hospital.Keywords: LBW Kangaroo Mother Care, Body Temperature Stability

Irisin and Energy Metabolism and the Role of Irisin on Metabolic Syndrome.

Irisin is a thermogenic hormone that leads to causes energy expenditure by increasing brown adipose tissue (BAT). This protein hormone that enables the conversion of white adipose tissue (WAT) to BAT is the irisin protein. This causes energy expenditure during conversion. WAT stores triglycerides and fatty acids and contains very few mitochondria. They also involve in the development of insulin resistance (IR). WAT, which contains a very small amount of mitochondria, contributes to the formation of IR by storing triglycerides and fatty acids. WAT functions as endocrine tissue in the body, synthesizing various molecules such as leptin, ghrelin, NUCB2/nesfatin-1, and irisin along with fat storage. BAT is quite effective in energy expenditure, unlike WAT. The number of mitochondria and lipid droplets composed of multicellular cells in BAT is much higher when compared to WAT. BAT contains a protein called uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) in the mitochondrial membranes. This protein pumps protons from the intermembrane space toward the mitochondrial matrix. When UCP1 is activated, heat dissipation occurs while ATP synthesis does not occur, because UCP1 is a division protein. At the same time, BAT regulates body temperature in infants. Its effectiveness in adults became clear after the discovery of irisin. The molecular mechanism of exercise, which increases calorie expenditure, became clear with the discovery of irisin. Thus, the isolation of irisin led to the clarification of metabolic events and fat metabolism. In this review, literature information will be given on the effect of irisin hormone on energy metabolism and metabolic syndrome (MetS).

The Effectiveness of Allium cepa L Compress on Body Temperature of Fever Infants after DPT Immunization (Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus) at Posyandu Kenanga Kertajaya Village, Purwakarta Regency, Indonesia

Fever in infants after DPT immunization can cause concern for parents and health care providers. One alternative that is widely used in relieving fever in infants is by applying compresses using natural ingredients. One of the natural ingredients used in compresses is Allium cepa L, or better known as shallots. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of compressed Allium cepa L on the body temperature of infants with fever after DPT immunization at Posyandu Kenanga Kertajaya Village, Purwakarta Regency, Indonesia. This study was an experimental study, where as many as 30 research subjects participated in this study. The research subjects were grouped into the intervention group and the control group. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS univariate and bivariate. Giving compresses Allium cepa L statistically effective in reducing the temperature of research subjects by 0.6°C and statistically significant, p<0.05. Compress Allium cepa L effective in reducing body temperature in infants with fever after DPT immunization at Posyandu Kenanga Kertajaya Village, Purwakarta Regency, Indonesia.

Effectiveness of Warm Compresses and Plaster Compresses in Decreasing Body Temperature in Infants with Fever

Introduction: Fever is the most common case in children, and almost all children have experienced it; some only have a low-grade fever, while others have a very high fever. Method: Qualitative research using case study design aims to describe the case studies obtained and carried out systematically in intensively collecting case study data for infant patients with fever. Result: Based on the results of case studies found, differences in the effectiveness of warm compresses and plaster compresses. Conclusion: The point of plaster compresses is faster than warm compresses in a decrease in body temperature in babies with fever. It is recommended that the family or mother apply a plaster compress to her baby with a fever because it is more effective at reducing body temperature

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF KANGAROO AND INCUBATOR CARE METHODS TO INCREASE BODY TEMPERATURE IN BABIES WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

Low Birth Weight (LBW) infants are at risk of experiencing various health problems. One of them that often occurs is an unstable body temperature and tends to be hypothermic. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Kangaroo Method Care (KMC) and incubator treatment to increase body temperature in LBW infants. This study used a Quasi Experiment Design technique with a Pre-test and Post-test Group design. The sample in this study were all LBW infants according to the inclusion criteria, which were 30 babies. The sample was divided into two intervention groups, namely 15 infants with KMC intervention and 15 infants with nursing intervention in an incubator, which were given intervention for 2 hours per day for a period of 3 days. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling. In the KMC group, the average pretest value was 36.59°C and the posttest value was 37.06°C. In comparison, in the treatment group of incubator intervention, the average pretest value was 36.4°C and the posttest value was 36.8°C. Based on the results of the independent sample t-test statistical test, the significance was 0.035, p <0.05. The results showed that the average of increasing infants' body temperature in the intervention of KMC was 0.4640 (SD = 0.08998), while the average increase in infant body temperature in the incubator treatment was 0.3953 (SD = 0.07909). The application of KMC and treatment in the incubator are equally effective in increasing the body temperature of LBW.

Optimising homeothermy in neonates: a systematic review and clinical guidelines from the French Neonatal Society.

Thermal instability is harmful on the newborn infant. We sought to draw up practical guidelines on maintaining homeothermy alongside skin-to-skin contact. A systematic analysis of the literature identified relevant studies between 2000 and 2021 in the PubMed database. Selected publications were evaluated, and their level of evidence were graded, in order to underpin the development of clinical guidelines. We identified 7 meta-analyses and 64 clinical studies with a focus on newborn infants homeothermy. Skin-to-skin contact is the easiest and most rapidly implementable method to prevent body heat loss. Alongside skin-to-skin contact, monitoring the newborn infant's body temperature with a target of 37.0°C is essential. For newborn infants <32 weeks of gestation, a skullcap and a polyethylene bag should be used in the delivery room or during transport. To limit water loss, inhaled gases humidification and warming is recommended, and preterm infants weighing less than 1600 g should be nursed in a closed, convective incubator. With regard to incubators, there are no clear benefits for single vs. double-wall incubators as well as for air vs. skin servo control. Alongside skin-to-skin contact, a bundle of practical guidelines could improve the maintenance of homeothermy in the newborn infant.

The Effect of Mother-to-Baby Skin Contact on Decreasing Fever after DPT1/HB1/HIB1 Immunization in the Work Area of the Bancak Health Center, Semarang Regency

One of the immunizations included in the government program is DPT immunization. The side effect of DPT immunization is high fever which can be treated such as giving antipyretic drugs, increasing breast milk, and wiping or in warm water compresses (IDAI, 2011). The purpose of this study was to prove the effect of mother-to-child skin contact on reducing fever after DPT1/Hb1/Hib1 immunization in the Bancak Health Center, Semarang Regency. This research method uses a Quasi Experimental design with a Pretest-Posttest Non Equivalent Control Group Design. The population of this study was the number of infants who were immunized by DPT1/Hb1/Hib1 in the Work Area of the Bancak Health Center, Semarang Regency, as many as 63 babies. The technique used in this research is non-probability sampling with purposive sampling type. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the average decrease in body temperature of infants with fever after DPT1/Hb1/Hib1 immunization in the intervention group and the control group (p-value 0.001). It is hoped that families, health workers and the community can apply skin to skin in handling baby fever.

Both proliferation and lipogenesis of brown adipocytes contribute to postnatal brown adipose tissue growth in mice

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the primary non-shivering thermogenesis organ in mammals, which plays essential roles in maintaining the body temperature of infants. Although the development of BAT during embryogenesis has been well addressed in rodents, how BAT grows after birth remains unknown. Using mouse interscapular BAT (iBAT) as an example, we studied the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate postnatal BAT growth. By analyzing the developmental dynamics of brown adipocytes (BAs), we found that BAs size enlargement partially accounts for iBAT growth. By investigating the BAs cell cycle activities, we confirmed the presence of proliferative BAs in the neonatal mice. Two weeks after birth, most of the BAs exit cell cycle, and the further expansion of the BAT was mainly due to lipogenesis-mediated BAs volume increase. Microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses suggest that most BAs are mononuclear and diploid. Based on the developmental dynamics of brown adipocytes, we propose that the murine iBAT has two different growth phases between birth and weaning: increase of BAs size and number in the first two weeks, and BAs size enlargement thereafter. In summary, our data demonstrate that both lipogenesis and proliferation of BAs contribute to postnatal iBAT growth in mice.

METODE LEKAT KULIT DADA - PUNGGUNG LEBIH EFEKTIF MENSTABILKAN SUHU BBLR DIBANDINGKAN METODE KANGURU

Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies are babies with birth weight &lt;2500 grams. LBW is susceptible to various health problems, especially a decrease in body temperature due to the baby’s inability to adapt to extrauterine temperature or hypothermia. Hypothermia is the baby’s temperature &lt;36,5ºC. Hypothermia is a symptom and is often an early manifestation of a disease, which can end in death. Hypothermia cause hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis and respiratory distress. BBLR complications one of which is the instability of body temperature because it is necessary to maintain a stable method of sticking to the skin to maintain its stability. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of the application of the Kangaroo method and the method of attaching the mother’s chest skin to the baby’s back skin to temperature stability at LBW. Quasi-experimental research methods, conducted in June - September 2018. Samples were 60 infants with consecutive sampling techniques. Results: Intervention of the Kangaroo method, the mean before and after the intervention 23.83, while the intervention method of attaching the mother’s chest skin to the baby’s back skin, the mean before and after the intervention amounted to 37.17 with Asym.sig.(2-tailed)=0.002. The average body temperature of infants with the intervention method of attaching the mother’s chest skin to the baby’s back skin approaches normal (36.5933ºC). Research conclusion : there is a difference in the effect of applying the Kangaroo method with the method of attaching the mother’s chest skin to the baby’s back skin to the LBW temperature stability or in other words, the method of attaching the mother’s chest skin to the baby’s back skin is more effective at stabilizing the LBW body temperature compared to the Kangaroo method. Suggestion : application of the method of attaching the mother’s chest skin to the baby’s back skin in LBW treatment with thermoregulation problems.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: low birth weight;kangaroo method; method of attaching chest to back skin;temperature

Immediate skin-to-skin contact is feasible for very preterm infants but thermal control remains a challenge.

Current care of very preterm infants in an incubator implies separation of the mother-infant dyad. The aim of this study was to determine whether skin-to-skin contact (SSC) between parent and very preterm infant from birth and during the first postnatal hour is feasible. Infants born in 2014-16 in Stockholm at gestational age 28+0-33+6weeks were randomised to care provided in SSC with a parent or on a resuscitaire and later in an incubator or bed during the first postnatal hour. Infant body temperature was measured on admission to the neonatal unit and at one postnatal hour. Data on respiratory support and breastfeeding were prospectively collected. We studied 55 infants at 32+0±1.4weeks (range 28+2-33+6), with birthweight 1760g±449g (range 885-2822). 60% were boys. Mean body temperature in the SSC group was 0.3°C lower 1hour after birth, 36.3°C±0.52 (range 34.4-37.2) vs 36.6°C±0.42 (range 36.0-37.4, P=.03). No differences between groups were seen in respiratory support or breastfeeding. Stabilisation of very preterm infants can be performed while in SSC with a parent, but caution needs to be paid to maintain normothermia.

Project to Decrease the Incidence of Neonatal Hypothermia in the Newborn Center

An investigation found that 66.7% of the neonatal hypothermia (body temperature < 36.5°C) cases diagnosed within one hour of transfer from the delivery room in our hospital were affected by a significantly increased risk of physiological abnormalities, which subsequently increased their risk for mortality. Therefore, monitoring and maintaining the normal body temperature of newborn infants are vital in infant care. This project aimed to improve the current situation of neonatal hypothermia. This project was implemented from Oct. 1, 2016 to Oct. 31, 2017 and used several approaches to improve neonatal hypothermia. A neonatal hypothermia caring protocol was developed and the infant admission materials were standardized; the infant hypothermia alert card and posters were displayed in easy-to-notice locations; an in-service training course on neonatal hypothermia was provided; and an infant hypothermia care checklist was tabulated for examination and recognition. After the implementation of this project, the average time required to raise the body temperature of infants to normal (36.5°C) was 1.5 hours, which was 2 hours faster than the pre-project time of 3.5 hours. Moreover, the time needed to raise the body temperature to normal was one hour for newborn infants with birthweights ≥ 2,500 grams, which was one hour faster than the pre-project time of two hours, and 1.5 hours for newborn infants with birthweights < 2,500 grams, which was three hours faster than the pre-project time of 4.5 hours. The goals of this project were effectively achieved in both groups. Neonatal hypothermia is an important issue affecting the health status of newborn infants. This project strengthened the awareness of nurses regarding neonatal hypothermia and is worthwhile to be implemented in clinical neonatal care.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Selimut Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (SIMDi) terhadap Suhu Tubuh Bayi Saat Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Efforts to launch breast milk (ASI) products by doing Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD). Results of Nutrition Status Monitoring (PSG) in 2016, in Lampung province the IMD figure was 48.5 below the national average. The quality of the implementation of IMD in Indonesia was lacking, the achievement of IMD was 51.9% consisting of 42.7% getting IMD in &amp;lt;1 hour after birth, and 9.2% in one hour or more after birth. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of using turtle blanket on infant body temperature during IMD. Research experiment with, type of true experiment, design of pre-post test group design. The population of all babies was born normal, a sample of 60 infants. Data analysis using a two-way Anova test. Results There was a significant difference between the body temperature of the infant group before and after 60 minutes of IMD implementation. With the value of F&lt;sub&gt;count&lt;/sub&gt;=44.52 (F&lt;sub&gt;table&lt;/sub&gt;=3.92). There was a significant difference between the body temperature of the group of babies given the Turtle Blanket blanket and the group of babies given a contemporary blanket. With the value of F&lt;sub&gt;count&lt;/sub&gt;=11.83 (F&lt;sub&gt;table&lt;/sub&gt;=3.92) and There is no interaction factor between the treatment of infants and types of blankets. With the value of F&lt;sub&gt;count&lt;/sub&gt;=0.83 (Ft&lt;sub&gt;able&lt;/sub&gt; value=3.92). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Temperature and Humidity Associated With Artificial Ventilation in the Premature Infant

Approximately half of the 55,000 very low birth-weight infants (<1500 g) born in the United States each year develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Many etiologies have been associated with the development of BPD, including aberrant temperature/humidity levels of artificial ventilation. The purpose of this literature review is to explore what is known regarding inspired air temperature/humidity levels from artificial ventilation in very premature infants, focusing on what levels these infants actually receive, and what factors impact these levels. PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Of the 830 articles retrieved, 23 were synthesized for study purpose, sample/study design, and temperature/humidity findings. Heating and humidification practices studied in neonatal ventilation did not maintain recommended levels. In addition, human neonatal studies and noninvasive neonatal ventilation research were limited. Furthermore, ventilation settings, environmental temperatures, and mouth position (in noninvasive ventilation) were found to impact temperature/humidity levels. Environmental temperatures and ventilatory settings merit consideration during artificial ventilation. In addition, aberrant temperature/humidity levels may impact infant body temperature stability; thus, employing measures to ensure adequate thermoregulation while receiving artificial ventilation must be a priority. This review underscores the need for further research into current warming and humidification techniques for invasive and noninvasive neonatal ventilation. A focus on human studies and the impact of aberrant levels on infant body temperature are needed. Future research may provide management options for achieving and maintaining target temperature/humidity parameters, thus preventing the aberrant levels associated with BPD.

Biobehavioral Responses of Preterm Infants to Conventional and Swaddled Tub Baths: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Bathing is a routine care procedure that exposes preterm infants to prolonged handling, which could cause stress and potentially disrupt infants' biobehavioral responses. The aim of this double-blind randomized crossover trial was to compare the preterm infant's body temperature, heart rate (HR), peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), salivary cortisol levels, and sleep-wake states during and after swaddled and conventional tub baths. Forty-three infants born at 32 to 36 weeks postmenstrual age, weighing 2225 g or less, were enrolled in the study. Infants were videotaped before and after each type of baths. The time interval between baths ranged from 24 to 72 hours to allow a washout period. Physiological, hormonal, and behavioral responses were collected at baseline and during recovery from baths. No significant differences in the mean body temperature, HR, SpO2, salivary cortisol levels, and sleep-wake states between the bath types were observed in the baseline or recovery responses during the first 20 minutes after bath. Regardless of bath type, salivary cortisol levels showed a nonstatistical significant increase.

Comparison of the Effect of Plastic Cover and Blanket on Body Temperature of Preterm Infants Hospitalized in NICU: Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Preterm infants are unable to regulate their body temperature and there are insufficient research evidences on different kinds of covers for hospitalized preterm infants; therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effects of plastic and blanket covers on the body temperature of preterm infants under radiant warmer. Methods: This randomized cross-over clinical trial was carried out upon 80 infants with the gestational age of 28-30 weeks and birth weight of 800- 1250 gr who were in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit on the second day of their hospitalization. The study lasted for two days. In group 1, the plastic cover was used during the first day of the study while the blankets were used during the second day. Infants’ heads were kept out of the cover and coated with a hat. In group 2, the plastic cover was used during the first day of the study while the blanket was used during second day. Digital thermometer was used to measure infants’ axillary temperature. The data was analyzed using SPSS ver 13 and MiniTab software. Descriptive statistics, (Mean (SE), 95%CI) and inferential statistics (Repeated measurement and ANCOVA tests) were used. Results: The mean body temperature of the infants in the group covered with the plastic was calculated to be higher and the warmer was set on low temperature. Conclusion: Using plastic cover during the first few days of hospitalization in NICU resulted in regulation of preterm infants’ body temperature.

자수 도전사(傳導絲) 기반의 유아체온 센싱 시스템 설계 연구

자수 도전사(傳導絲) 기반의 유아체온 센싱 시스템 설계 연구

Time Trends and Predictors of Abnormal Postoperative Body Temperature in Infants Transported to the Intensive Care Unit.

Background. Despite increasing adoption of active warming methods over the recent years, little is known about the effectiveness of these interventions on the occurrence of abnormal postoperative temperatures in sick infants. Methods. Preoperative and postoperative temperature readings, patient characteristics, and procedural factors of critically ill infants at a single institution were retrieved retrospectively from June 2006 until May 2014. The primary endpoints were the incidence and trend of postoperative hypothermia and hyperthermia on arrival at the intensive care units. Univariate and adjusted analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with abnormal postoperative temperatures. Results. 2,350 cases were included. 82% were normothermic postoperatively, while hypothermia and hyperthermia each occurred in 9% of cases. During the study period, hypothermia decreased from 24% to 2% (p < 0.0001) while hyperthermia remained unchanged (13% in 2006, 8% in 2014, p = 0.357). Factors independently associated with hypothermia were higher ASA status (p = 0.02), lack of intraoperative convective warming (p < 0.001) and procedure date before 2010 (p < 0.001). Independent associations for postoperative hyperthermia included lower body weight (p = 0.01) and procedure date before 2010 (p < 0.001). Conclusions. We report an increase in postoperative normothermia rates in critically ill infants from 2006 until 2014. Careful monitoring to avoid overcorrection and hyperthermia is recommended.