Body Posture In Children Research Articles

Evaluation of Size of Trunk Asymmetry in Children Practicing Selected Sports Disciplines

(1) Background: The aim of the study was to assess the body posture of children practicing selected sports disciplines and to compare it to the body posture of non-training children. (2) Methods: 247 children practicing a selected discipline either in primary sports schools or in sports clubs constituted the study group. The control group was composed of 63 children that did not practice any sport. The study of body posture by using the Moiré method allowed for assessing the size of parameters determining body posture. Selected parameters characterizing the position of the shoulders and shoulder blades, the waist triangle, and the position of the posterior iliac spines were analyzed. (3) Results: The differences in the selected parameters were not statistically significant in all parameters except the model describing the values determining the depth of the shoulder blades that were measured in millimeters between the groups. (4) Conclusions: Most of the examined people had correct body posture in the sagittal plane, regardless of the type of sport practiced. In all the examined groups, the most common dysfunctions were asymmetries of moderate intensity in the frontal plane. The results of our own research did not allow us to clearly state whether practicing different sports disciplines and different training loads has a negative or positive impact on body posture. The lack of asymmetry of high intensity in the groups of people practicing various sports disciplines, despite the fact that the given disciplines are asymmetric, may indicate that exercises during the training process are correctly selected.

Alignment of the Sternum and Sacrum as a Marker of Sitting Body Posture in Children

An analysis of literature on the methods of assuming a sitting position and the results of our own research indicated the need to search for biomechanical parameters and existing relationships that would enable a description of sitting body posture. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the alignment of the body of sternum and sacrum and the changes in the thoracic and lumbar spine curvatures in children. The study involved 113 subjects aged 9-13 years. A planned simultaneous measurement of the angle parameters of the alignment of the body of sternum and sacrum relative to the body's sagittal axis and the angle parameters of the thoracic and lumbar spine curvatures was performed during a single examination session. The proposed markers of alignment in the corrected sitting body posture are characterized by homogeneous results. A high measurement repeatability was observed when determining the corrected body posture in the study setting. It was noted that changes in the alignment of the body of sternum and sacrum resulted in changes in the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angle values, which may be an important component of clinical observations of sitting body posture in children. Implementing the body of sternum alignment angle of about 64° relative to the body's sagittal axis in clinical practice as one of the objectives of postural education may be the target solution for sitting body posture correction in children.

Do the requirements included in the regulation on health and safety at school effectively prevent children from carrying too heavy schoolbags?

Excessive spinal load caused by a schoolbag has a major impact on the child's body posture. The National Sanitary Inspector recommends the limit of schoolbag weight as corresponding to 10-15% of the student's weight. The aim of the study was to assess the spinal load of children aged 6-9 years, caused by schoolbags, and to check if it meets the requirements expressed as a percentage of the child's weight. The weight of the items in schoolbags was also established. In addition, parents' awareness about schoolbags and the child's use of additional storage spaces (lockers) were analyzed. Overall, 332 children aged 6-9 years (172 girls, 160 boys) attending selected schools in a city located in the Silesian Voivodeship participated in the study. The study included determining schoolbag weight and presenting it in relation to the child's weight. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for 2 independent variables with non-normally distributed data (the Shapiro-Wilk test). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare >2 independent trials. The level of statistical significance was set at p = 0.05. An average schoolbag weighted 3.57±0.58 kg. Schoolbag weight did not exceed 15% of the student's weight in 75% of the students; however, the schoolbags of only 17% of the students weighed less than 10% of the student's weight. The heaviest schoolbags were found among first-grade students. The girls had significantly heavier schoolbags compared to the boys (p = 0.037). The students using school lockers had heavier schoolbags than those who left unnecessary items on common shelves in the classroom (p = 0.006). The issue of heavy schoolbags remains a challenge for public health decision-makers despite the regulation that requires to provide children with space to leave books at school. The current rules do not effectively prevent children from carrying too heavy schoolbags. It is advisable to take measures to set an absolutely mandatory standard with which schools and students will be required to comply. Med Pr. 2020;71(6):687-97.

Monitoring of students body posture: a longitudinal study.

Introduction: Childhood and adolescence are important periods of growth in which the position is altered to support the new body proportions. Objective: To characterize the longitudinal profile of body posture in children and adolescents. Method: Body posture of children and adolescents of a Philanthropic Institution was assessed through an initial and one final evaluation after 24 months. The postural evaluation was performed by means of photogrammetry according to the Software Protocol (SAPo v 0.68). For analysis of the variables, the sample was divided into two groups with respect to age, where the first group (GI) was composed of 17 children aged 6 to 7 years and the second group (GII) by individuals from 8 to 10 years. Statistical analysis was performed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 15.0 software (SPSS). The significance determination criterion used was the level of 5%. Results: 34 students (19 girls and 15 boys) were evaluated. In relation to body posture, when the initial and final evaluation were compared, the variables Q right angle (p = 0.003) and horizontal alignment of the pelvis (p = 0.006) showed significantly difference to the GI. To GII the variables horizontal alignment of acromions (p = 0.016), right frontal lower limb angle (0,019) and left (p <0.001), Q right angle (p = 0.001) and left (p <0.001), alignment horizontal pelvis (p = 0.009), ankle angle (p = 0.002) and left-leg/hindfoot angle (p = 0.017) showed greater changes in angular medians. Conclusion: Children of GI presented more homogeneous values after the established range, keeping an angular stability for most of the observed postural variables. However, GII presented more significant decreases in asymmetries and body misalignments.

Upper and Lower Limb Strength and Body Posture in Children with Congenital Hypothyroidism: An Observational Case-Control Study.

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is an endocrine disease with a precocious significant impairment of growth and neuromotor development. Thyroid hormones are essential for central nervous system development, maturation, and myelination. Furthermore, thyroid hormone deficiency affects the function of several systems, including the musculoskeletal system. The disease has a significant incidence in the general population (1:3000–1:2000 newborns in Italy). The aim of the present study was to evaluate any differences in upper and lower limb strength, body sway, and plantar loading distribution in children with CH compared to healthy children. Methods: In this study, the case group was composed of children with CH (CHG), while the control group included healthy children (CG). Both groups comprised 19 children (CHG: female = 12; CG: female = 9). The maximum isometric handgrip strength and explosive-elastic lower limb strength were assessed with the handgrip test and the Sargent test, respectively. The stabilometric and baropodometric analyses were used to measure the Center of Pressure displacements and the plantar loading distribution between feet, respectively. The differences between groups were analyzed by a univariate analysis of covariance using as covariates weight and height with the significant level set at < 0.05. Results: We found that CHG children were shorter and thinner than CG ones (p < 0.05). No significant difference in the upper and lower limb strength was found between groups. CHG exhibited a significant greater Sway Path Length (p < 0.01) and Ellipse Surface (p < 0.05) than CG. Moreover, CHG displayed an asymmetric plantar loading distribution with a significant lower percentage in the right than in the left foot (p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant lower plantar loading percentage in the right foot of CHG than in the right foot of CG was observed (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings seem to suggest that CH does not affect muscle strength in early treated children. However, these patients show poor postural control ability and asymmetric plantar loading distribution. Increasing the physical activity in these children could improve their body posture.

Role of physical fitness and functional movement in the body posture of children with overweight/obesity

BackgroundChildhood obesity is known to negatively impact body posture with severe consequences for the musculoskeletal system. Physical performance could play a positive role in the body posture conformation of these children, but there is little evidence to date.Research Question: Is physical performance (i.e., physical fitness and functional movement) associated with a better body posture in children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB)? If so, is physical performance more determinant than their obesity degree in the body posture conformation? MethodA total of 62 children with OW/OB (10.86 ± 1.25 years, 58 % girls) were included. BMI, physical fitness components (one-repetition-maximum (1RM) arms and leg press, and ALPHA test battery), functional movement quality (Functional Movement Screen™) and body posture (two-dimensional photogrammetry) were evaluated. ResultsPhysical fitness components and functional movement were overall associated with a more aligned posture of the head, lumbar and thoracic spines and lower limb. BMI was associated with head protraction, thoracic hyperkyphosis, lumbar hyperlordosis and lower limb valgus. BMI was the best predictor of head and lumbar spine posture, cardiorespiratory fitness of lower limb posture in frontal plane, speed-agility of lower limb posture in the sagittal plane and functional movement of thoracic spine. SignificanceOur findings reveal that physical fitness and functional movement are associated with a better global body posture in children with OW/OB, and that in some musculoskeletal structures are even better predictors than their obesity degree.

Postural Control, Grip Strength and Body Posture in Children With Intellectual Disability and Dyslexia

Postural Control, Grip Strength and Body Posture in Children With Intellectual Disability and Dyslexia

Parent-Toddler Social Reciprocity During Reading From Electronic Tablets vs Print Books

Although the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends parent-child joint engagement with digital media, recent evidence suggests this may be challenging when tablets contain interactive enhancements. To examine parent-toddler social reciprocity while reading enhanced (eg, with sound effects, animation) and basic tablet-based books compared with print books. This within-participants comparison included 37 parent-toddler dyads in a counterbalanced crossover, video-recorded laboratory design at the University of Michigan from May 31 to November 7, 2017. The volunteer sample was recruited from an online research registry and community sites. Dyads included children aged 24 to 36 months with no developmental delay or serious medical condition, parents who were the legal guardians and read English sufficiently for consent, and parents and children without uncorrected hearing or vision impairments. Data were analyzed from October 18, 2017, through April 30, 2018. Reading an enhanced tablet-based book, a basic tablet-based book, and a print book in counterbalanced order for 5 minutes each. Video recordings were coded continuously for nonverbal aspects of parent-toddler social reciprocity, including body position (child body posture limiting parental book access coded in 10-second intervals), control behaviors (child closing the book, child grabbing the book or tablet, parent or child pivoting their body away from the other), and intrusive behaviors (parent or child pushing the other's hand away). Coding intracorrelation coefficients were greater than 0.75. Poisson regression was used to compare each outcome by book format. Among the 37 parent-child dyads, mean (SD) parent age was 33.5 (4.0) years; 30 (81%) were mothers, and 28 (76%) had a 4-year college degree or greater educational attainment. Mean (SD) age of children was 29.2 (4.2) months, 20 (54%) were boys, 21 (57%) were white non-Hispanic, and 6 (16%) were black non-Hispanic. Compared with print books, greater frequency of child body posture limiting parental book access (mean [SD], 7.9 [1.9; P = .01] for enhanced; 8.4 [1.8; P = .006] for basic), child closing the book (mean [SD], 1.2 [0.4; P = .007] for enhanced; 1.2 [0.5; P < .001] for basic), parent pivoting (mean [SD], 0.4 [0.2; P = .05] for enhanced; 0.9 [0.4; P = .004] for basic), child pushing parent's hand (mean [SD], 0.6 [0.2; P < .001] for enhanced; 0.4 [0.2; P = .002] for basic), and parent pushing child's hand (mean [SD], 1.7 [0.3; P < .001] for enhanced; 2.4 [0.5; P < .001] for basic) occurred while reading enhanced and basic tablet-based books. Child pivots occurred more frequently while reading basic tablet-based books than print (mean [SD], 1.0 [0.3] vs 0.3 [0.1]; P = .005). In this study, toddlers and parents engaged in more frequent social control behaviors and less social reciprocity when reading tablet-based vs print books. These findings suggest that toddlers may have difficulty engaging in shared tablet experiences with their parents.

Analysis of Relationship between the Body Mass Composition and Physical Activity with Body Posture in Children.

Introduction. Excessive body mass in turn may contribute to the development of many health disorders including disorders of musculoskeletal system, which still develops intensively at that time. Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between children's body mass composition and body posture. The relationship between physical activity level of children and the parameters characterizing their posture was also evaluated. Material and Methods. 120 school age children between 11 and 13 years were enrolled in the study, including 61 girls and 59 boys. Each study participant had the posture evaluated with the photogrammetric method using the projection moiré phenomenon. Moreover, body mass composition and the level of physical activity were evaluated. Results. Children with the lowest content of muscle tissue showed the highest difference in the height of the inferior angles of the scapulas in the coronal plane. Children with excessive body fat had less slope of the thoracic-lumbar spine, greater difference in the depth of the inferior angles of the scapula, and greater angle of the shoulder line. The individuals with higher level of physical activity have a smaller angle of body inclination. Conclusion. The content of muscle tissue, adipose tissue, and physical activity level determines the variability of the parameter characterizing the body posture.

Analysis of body posture of children with idiopathic scoliosis in the image Diers after the application of kinesiology taping application

In the process of treating scoliosis essence of treatment is to maintain normal patterns of attitudes through appropriate antigravity muscle tone. Stimuli proper posture pattern in the period in which the child does not perform exercises provide appropriately selected and made corset. The use of dynamic slicing applications - Kinesiology Taping at the surface of the skin also stimulates the child to maintain proper muscle tone shaping correct posture.

Changes in body posture in children between the 10th and 13th years of age

Abstract Introduction The possibility of detecting postural defects early, a significant development with respect to available therapeutic methods, and an awareness of the necessity for continuous and individually adjusted treatment, are regarded as an important progression in the modern conservative treatment of faulty postures. Aim This work aimed at determining changes in body postures in 10- and 13-year old children within a 3-year period. Materials and Methods This research was conducted in Mlawa in two primary schools and involved 10-year old children, who were reexamined after a 3-year period, at the age of 13. The final group included in this research consisted of 76 subjects. Results and Discussion Changes in body posture observed in the study group over the 3-year period are as follows: 34.29% of children manifested excellent and good posture during examination I; whereas during examination II 45.71% of children had good posture. The adopted methodology did not allow us to determine physiological changes concerning body silhouette. However, it allowed us to detect posture abnormalities, and to diagnose postural defects. Conclusions The results confirmed the occurrence of changes in body postures in children between the 10 th and 13 th years of age. These changes, defined as detected body posture abnormalities, showed both improving and worsening tendencies with respect to the analyzed elements of body posture. A general percentage analysis showed an improvement in the body posture of children within a 3-year period.

Laboratory Measurement of Posture Allocation and Physical Activity in Children

The purpose of this study was to validate the combined use of inclinometers and accelerometers to measure body posture and movement in children in a laboratory setting. We performed two separate experiments. In the first experiment, we tested the hypothesis that four inclinometers (tilt sensors) could be used to capture body posture in children. We observed and recorded body posture in eight healthy children (mean +/- SD; body mass index (BMI), 18 +/- 3 kg x m(-2)) on 2880 occasions and compared these records with the inclinometer data. In the second experiment, the hypothesis was that two inclinometers could be used to determine whether 18 children (BMI, 21 +/- 5 kg x m(-2)) were sedentary. We observed and recorded sedentariness (sitting/lying compared to standing) on 5575 occasions and compared these records with the inclinometer data. In both of these experiments, we also addressed the hypothesis that accelerometer output, when measured at varying velocities, correlated with walking energy expenditure. In experiment 1, body posture was correctly identified in 2880 out of 2880 inclinometer measurements. In experiment 2, sedentary behavior was correctly identified in 5575 out of 5575 occasions. For the entire group, acceleration and body weight correlated well with energy expenditure (r2 = 0.84). The inclinometer-accelerometer system that we tested can be used to measure body posture and movement. We can measure sedentary behavior using two inclinometers instead of four inclinometers. This monitoring system may be useful for measuring energy expenditure, body posture, and physical activity in children.

Deep sensibility and child body posture. The sense of body arrangement

Brief research reports Kurzdarstellungen von Forschungsarbeiten Courtes descriptions de recherches: PDF Only

Deep sensibility and child body posture. The value and frequency of tremor movements in body standing position

Brief research reports Kurzdarstellungen von Forschungsarbeiten Courtes descriptions de recherches: PDF Only

Deep sensibility and child body posture

Deep sensibility and child body posture

Deep sensibility and child body posture

Deep sensibility and child body posture