Metaphor Of Body Research Articles

A Study on “Chou” Metaphors in 300 Song Lyrics

Advancements in modern cognitive linguistics have rendered metaphor a conceptual tool for understanding the world. The interplay between emotion and cognition highlights the importance of studying human emotions, which are often metaphorized by people. The expression “Chou” is one of the most prevalent emotions in Chinese Song Lyrics. This paper adopts a cognitive linguistics perspective, utilizing 300 Song Lyrics as the corpus, to conduct a detailed exploration and analysis of the types and meanings of “Chou” metaphors by applying Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The study identifies six main types of “Chou” metaphors in 300 Song Lyrics, namely ontological metaphors, image metaphors, body metaphors, personification, synaesthetic metaphors, and reverse metaphors. Among them, the most common are ontological metaphors and image metaphors. This paper aids in a better understanding of the emotion of “Chou” in Song Lyrics. It is also significant for enhancing appreciation of Chinese poetry and literature, while facilitating a deeper understanding of the characteristics of national metaphorical thinking and promoting cultural exchange.

The Female Body and the Body Politic in Sex Scenes of Lou Ye’s Film: A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of <i>Summer Palace</i>

This article discusses the body politic of Yu Hong in the postsocialist Chinese film–Summer Palace (2006). Director Lou Ye places Yu Hong’s body in the sex scenes that metaphorically expresses a traumatic and sensitive political event, the “June Fourth Incident.” The portrayal of sexual intercourse, nudity, and this historical event is the unspeakable “secret” in mainland Chinese media. Therefore, the authors raise the question that, when sexual intercourse and the female body enter political discourse, how do we deal with the complex and dynamic power structures behind bodily attributes and the “anachronistic” historical objects that do not fit into the mainstream narrative and epistemological spaces? Drawing on body politic theory, feminist film theory, and a semiotic framework, we adopt multimodal critical discourse analysis to assess power relations and ideologies behind Yu’s body attributes in the sex scenes. The findings indicate that Lou constructs a complex communication system, using her body as a carrier of communication to express self-consciousness, constructing female subjectivity through the writing of feminine discourse, with the political purpose of seeking the freedom of the written word. Sexual liberation is sought by establishing a transgressive body that is not accepted by the mainstream and opposes the inherent power of government. Yu’s bodily pleasure is set up as an expression of narcissistic individualism through love, producing a vision of political ecstasy. Her melancholy body metaphor for the discomfort and confusion that preceded the student movement and the post-traumatic ambivalence. Using the female body as a site of political discourse and sexual liberation offers a new reading strategy for analysing the representation of the female body in film and other forms of media. In making the argument, the study contributes valuable scholarship to the film studies focused on sexual, gender, and political marginalised discourse.

Body Metaphor and Educational Strategy of Lingnan Hakka Female Dance

This paper attempts to clarify the Hakka dance concept that “body” carries the change of social ideology and life experience of ethnic groups, symbolizes the female image that occupies the dominant position of social culture, and then promotes the connection between Hakka tradition and modern cultural memory in the process of promoting the historical narrative and cultural composition of Hakka ethnic groups through female body discourse. It also presents the cultural narration and historical reflection of Hakka ethnic group.

The Impact of Empathy and Fear on Solidarity during a Pandemic

It is believed that solidarity is motivated by positive collective feelings (group cohesion, social responsibility, etc.), as well as by individual empathy of group members. Motivation may change vector if all members of society are potential victims of a pandemic. An analysis of data obtained from an online survey of 331 Russian-speaking respondents (19 countries) from March 2021 to April 2023 revealed a weak link between empathy (both affective and cognitive) and the solidarity attitudes on safe behavior. On the contrary, a significant correlation was found between negative Ego-feelings (fear for oneself and health) and the expression of the most important solidarity attitudes -wearing masks, social distancing and vaccination. This contradicts the old tradition of considering individual empathy as the principal factor of collective solidarity. In particular, the bodily metaphor of rapprochement, embracing with others, which is the core of empathy, contradicts the requirement of physical distance. A positive correlation was also noted between the pronouncement of solidarity attitudes and the experience of material aid to strangers. Fears for oneself and empathy for others are experiences with opposite vectors. Fears can block empathy. Thus, the phenomenon of synchronous behavior of people, similar to solidarity, but with nonspecific negative motivation, was discovered. We believe that solidarity-like activity should be distinguished from conscious, trained solidarity based on the belief that suffering and unprotected groups and people need to be supported by the state and other citizens.

A Study of the English Translation of Positive Emotions from the Perspective of Conceptual Metaphor

Emotion is a complex and abstract experience shared by human beings, but it is often expressed in the form of conceptual metaphor which is pervasive in the concrete language. Drawing upon the theory of conceptual metaphor and emotion metaphors, this paper aims to study the translation of positive emotions in David Hawkes’ version of The Story of the Stone and the related daily expressions as the corpus. According to the theories, this paper categorizes the positive emotions metaphors into body metaphors, sensory metaphors, entity metaphors, and orientational metaphors to discuss the process of English translation and the metaphorical mechanism, analyzes the similarities and differences between Chinese and English expressions of positive emotions and their cultural, physiological, and psychological motives, and lastly attempts to summarize the translation strategies of emotional expressions. The analysis of metaphorical mechanisms reveals that the common physiological and psychological experiences of human beings and cultural exchanges give rise to similarities, while the unique cultural environments, antecedents, and historical development of each nation give rise to their distinctiveness. This paper concludes that translators need to make full use of their subjectivity, understand the surface and underlying meaning of the text, and establish a high level of mental compatibility between themselves, the readers, and the author.

‘The Ruins of the Face’: The Aesthetics of Ruin in Austen's Persuasion

AbstractThis article investigates Jane Austen's network of bodily metaphors in Persuasion, re‐examining ‘bloom’ in the context of its pair, ‘ruin’. While the novel is traditionally understood as a progress narrative that moves from Anne's self‐description as being ‘in ruins’ to the restoration of her ‘bloom’, the article examines the inconsistency around Anne's appearance and ‘bloom’ throughout the novel, contending that rather than presenting a progression, the novel stages the problematics of physiognomy, of reading the body as an index of internal feeling. I argue that by situating Austen's metaphors within context of picturesque writing on ruins and ‘roughness’ from William Gilpin and Uvedale Price, we can conceive of weathered, worn out, broken, pierced, and ruined bodies as the rough texture that animates Persuasion.

Moving beyond a figurative psychedelic literacy: Metaphors of psychiatric symptoms in ayahuasca narratives

Metaphors, analogies, and similes commonly appear in narratives of drinking the potent psychedelic “ayahuasca”, presenting an intriguing transcultural pattern. Based upon survey and field research at an ayahuasca healing center in Pucallpa, Peru, the article investigates conceptual metaphors in narratives of ayahuasca experiences made by the visiting international guests. Bodily metaphors and visionary analogies frequently appear in narrative plots where they can express the reappraisal, overcoming, and sometimes emboldening of symptoms diagnosed by psychiatry. Moving beyond the literal-figurative divide, the article explores the intrinsic “metaphoricity” of psychedelic experiences and advocates for a literacy of conceptual metaphors regarding both clinical and non-clinical psychedelic narratives. Developing this literacy can broaden approaches in psychedelic psychiatry that analyze and treat syndromes and disorders, while also being applicable to social science and humanities research that examine psychoactive drug use beyond medical frameworks.

A Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Metaphoric Cognition of Visceral Organs — A Case Study of “Heart”

Metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a way through which the humans see the world. Metaphor can be seen everywhere in our daily life, serving as a bridge that leads people to the understanding of complex things. “Heart” is one of the most important visceral organs in the human body, with diverse metaphorical implication. This essay will take “heart” as an example for the contrastive study of Chinese and English metaphorical cognition of human visceral organs as heart is the most influential visceral organ and it is the most complex for cognition. The study will pay an emphasis on the aspects shared by the two languages and also the differences between them, in order to improve people’s understanding of human body metaphor.

IN THE ANGST OF THE INVISIBLE EXISTENCE: MIRRORING THE EXISTENTIAL DILEMMA USING BODILY METAPHORS IN THE SELECTED POEMS OF JAYANTA MAHAPATRA AND KEKI N DARUWALLA

Indian English poetry since the culmination of the colonial phase took a decisive and deliberately marked shift from the slavish imitation of the romantic writers like Keats, Byron, Shelly, and Wordsworth to a more progressive and experimental style with methodical and thematic innovativeness. It was known as post-independence poetry which heralded the arrival of a new way of composing poems with an indigenous ‘Indianness’ essence, sabotaging the strong clutches of its colonizer’s English mother tongue. Some of the greatest contributors include Nissim Ezekiel, Dom Moraes, P. Lal, Adil Jussawalla, A. K. Ramanujan, R. Parthasarathy, Gieve Patel, Arvind Mehrotra, Pritish Nandy, Kamala Das, K. N. Daruwalla, Shiv Kumar, Jayanta Mahapatra, Meena Alexander, Agha Shahid Ali, Vikram Seth, Manohar Shetty, etc. A large section of poetry produced by these avant-garde writers was based on raw human experiences and expressions with overtones of psychoanalysis, existentialism, surrealism, etc. Another major experimentation conducted by the modern Indian poets was the incorporation of symbols and metaphors, which made an allusive reference to the unvoiced pathos of the survival guilt of the modern Indian man. With the emergent uncertainties and disillusionment of the post-independence scenario, themes like an identity crisis, alienation, feminist concerns, Marxism, etc were projected as close allies with the existential concerns of the era. Using Foucault’s discourse of society on ‘subject’ and ‘power’ in the molding of the individual’s self, the present study marks an attempt to demonstrate how the two selected poets Jayanta Mahapatra and Keki N Daruwalla try to reflect their existential concerns and post-colonial ‘angst’ by meticulously employing differently disabled bodily metaphors.

Alternative Pedagogy Approaches in Physical Education and Health Education

This study aims to develop alternative pedagogical approaches to Physical Education and Health Education. The development of the alternative pedagogical approaches is based on 21st-century learning, Constructivism Theory, Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), and Revised Bloom's Taxonomy. The research design used the pre-experimental one-shot case study method A sample of 65 Physical Education teachers was obtained through purposive sampling. The data were analyzed descriptively using mean and percentage. Subsequently, the effectiveness of the alternative pedagogical approaches and the interobserver agreement was evaluated using a questionnaire. The 8 alternative pedagogical approaches that have been developed include Music (95%), Commentary Review (85%), Plotter Sketch (95%), Body Metaphor (85%), Ideaspora (90%), Extrapolation (85%), Stage Play (85%), and Skimps (95%). The percentage of an interobserver agreement to use the alternative pedagogical approaches developed exceeds 70% agreement between the testers, and the value shows that it can be used. Overall, the developed alternative pedagogy approaches can be used as a guide for teachers to choose appropriate teaching methods during the teaching and learning process.

Fragmentation as a Way of Representing a Person in T. Morrison's Novel “Beloved”

Introduction. The purpose of this article is to study the method of human fragmentation through consideration of the bodily metaphors used by the author, as well as the construction of key models of metaphorical transfers based on the material of the novel “Beloved" by T. Morrison. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the fact that up to now no attempts have been made to conduct a cognitive-semantic study of bodily metaphors in T. Morrison's novel "Beloved". The relevance of the study causes an increase in the interest of linguists in the study of metaphors in a literary text within the framework of semantic and cognitive approaches.Methodology and sources. The article provides a semantic-cognitive analysis of bodily metaphors, highlights the key denotations of the target domain and the source domain of the metaphoric mapping. A connection is revealed between the nature of metaphors and the main theme of the work – the theme of slavery and its destructive influence on human life.Results and discussion. Among the denotations of the target domain, 7 key elements were found involved in creating models of bodily metaphors: eyes, head, heart, back, hands, fingers, skin. Based on the data obtained, 26 metaphorical models were built. The target domain of the eye (6), back (5) and skin (5) has the largest number of denotations of the source domain.Conclusion. The study showed that bodily metaphors are actively used by the author when describing a person. The method of fragmentation helps to reveal the features of the destructive impact of slavery on a person's personality. Replacing a holistic representation of a person with a fragmented one, T. Morrison singles out in the appearance of each of the characters acting in the novel those fragments of the body that most characterize the personality and fate of each of them, and through metaphorization endows these fragments with a special symbolic meaning.

PRAGMATIC POTENTIAL OF BODY METAPHORS IN ARTICLE HEADLINES OF MODERN MASS MEDIA DISCOURSE

The article focuses on metaphoric expressions, which are viewed from the point of view of cognitive hypothesis, as a permeating feature of everyday language. The study investigates the linguistic aspect of employing body metaphors and their pragmatic pote

КОНЦЕПТ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ТЕЛА ВО ФРАНЦУЗСКОМ ПОЛИТИКО-ФИЛОСОФСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ XIV В.

Throughout the 14th – 15th centuries, French intellectuals actively used the concept of body politic in their works – in mirrors for princes, sermons, ballads and first political treatises. In this vein, both ancient examples of the construction of such models and medieval works were subjected to rethinking. The metaphor of the body politic became a constant leitmotif of the 14th century mirrors for princes, who with the help of that trope tried to explain the complex social structure and reflect on the abstract nature of the state. While in them the political body often served as an ideal, a model of correct state structure, the antipode became the image of a sick or monstrous body. Eustache Deschamps refers to such an image in his ballads, using it to demonstrate the deplorable state of the French kingdom, mired in feuds and the hardships of war with England. The metaphor of the political body was interpreted in a variety of ways: it was a concept designed to consolidate opposing social groups and political factions around the figure of the monarch, but at the same time it could be used to criticize the corruption of the ruler’s close associates. Such different strategies of interpretation of that concept compel to further analyze the genesis and development of metaphorical descriptions of the state.

L’humanité et l’Église comme corps mystique du Christ: Parcours historique et proposition d’articulation

Humanity and the Church as Mystical Body of Christ. A Historical Overview and an Attempt to Clarify the Relationship Between Them This contribution promotes the value of the metaphor of the mystical body of Christ, while also acknowledging its limitations. It shows how Catholic theology has shifted from an exclusivist view of the mystical body in the encyclical Mystici corporis to an inclusive interpretation of the metaphor in Lumen gentium which considers that those outside the visible borders of the Church may belong to the mystical body. The biblical objections to this broader interpretation are assessed and an initial reflection on the relationship between humanity and the Church is brought forth. If all humans may be considered members of the mystical body, the question remains: what makes them living members? The answer proposed is: the free participation in the paschal mystery of Christ realized by the Holy Spirit in different ways.

Queer Remains: Mourning and Inheritance in Lo Yi-chin’s Banishing Sorrow

This article examines Lo Yi-chin’s 2001 novel Banishing Sorrow, a controversial tribute to the late Taiwanese queer author Qiu Miaojin. Renowned for her writings on nonnormative desires, Qiu attracted a cult following in the wake of her suicide in 1995, but her posthumous fame has paradoxically eclipsed her nuanced vision of gender and sexuality since her skepticism toward fixed categories is potentially at odds with the quest for identity and recognition in the local LGBT rights movement. Published six years after Qiu’s death, Lo’s Banishing Sorrow represents a bold effort to challenge the identity-based approach to Qiu’s work. Echoing the metaphor of the disorderly body in Qiu’s writings, Banishing Sorrow deploys the trope of corporeal fragmentation to problematize how sexual identities have become essentialized and fixed in her postmortem reception. Reading Lo’s tribute alongside Qiu’s oeuvre, this article draws on theories of mourning, spectrality, and animacy to explore how Banishing Sorrow opens up new possibilities for Qiu’s afterlife beyond the confines of identity politics.

Making Sense of Subjective Experiences with Metaphors

In this paper, we seek to understand how metaphors facilitate sensemaking by providing a focused, detailed, and comprehensive account of how they help practitioners surface and convey subjective experiences. Our study, inspired by a phenomenological perspective, draws on 32 interviews with film workers narrating their work experience. We show how film workers used and combined different types of metaphors in a dynamic way to communicate their experiences in four steps––naming (using dead body metaphors), specifying (using conventional body metaphors), singularizing (using novel body metaphors), and fictionalizing (using a novel professional metaphor). With our study we extend prior sensemaking research by theorizing the various roles that metaphors play, above and beyond their ability to facilitate understanding. Specifically, we offer three novel insights on metaphors: we explain how some types of metaphors help sensemaking by redistributing agency; we theorize the retroactive power of metaphors––i.e., how the use of metaphors affects the utterer in return by highlighting some of their qualities. Finally, we explain how, by fostering imagination, metaphors allow people to transcend subjectivities.

Рождение чрезвычайного государства из духа вечности политического тела

The philosophical project "Homo Sacer" by the modern Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben (born in 1942) is based on a consistent highlighting of the process of Western European history that leads to the establishment of the state of emergency as a common technology of public administration today. This article offers an outline of the genesis of the state of emergency (emergency state) from the point of view of the evolution of ideas about the state in the aspect of the metaphor of the human body. In view of the fact that the logic of the state of emergency is based on the concept of a necessity (necessitas), which allows to suspend the normal functioning of law and order, it is necessary to raise the question of the origin of this relationship. The author believes that the source of the idea of the relationship between the state of emergency and necessity is the needs of the human body, the absolute urgency of which is the starting point of political organization (Plato, Aristotle). The system of views on the state as a body that emerged in the Greco-Roman worldview was clearly developed in the medieval civilization of the West. From this point on, we can talk about the emergence of the concept of "political body", within which the understanding of key sociopolitical relations took place. The combination of the Aristotelian concept of the eternity of the world with the strengthening of the absolute power of the secular sovereign and practical needs led to the formation of the idea of the permanent state with its constant needs. The new state rationality, associated with the need to meet the needs of the state and thus ensure its self-preservation, has acquired the form of biopolitics, which actually blurs the border between the political and the biological. The state of emergency becomes a paradigm of public administration, motivated by the idea of the identity of natural processes and the existence of society. The constant and imperishable nature of these processes sets the basis for the production of state of emergency, which loses its connection to a certain point in time and becomes a potentially eternal and continuous state.

Hope in the Age of Dystopia: The Ghost in the Machine in Øyvind Rimbereid's Solaris korrigert

Hope in the Age of Dystopia: The Ghost in the Machine in Øyvind Rimbereid's <i>Solaris korrigert</i>

The Body and Figurative Language in Ben Jonson's Epigram CXXV, “To Sir William Uvedale”

This essay argues that the relationship between the body and figurative language is central to Ben Jonson's epideictic poetry. In his poetry of praise, Jonson attempts to anchor a disembodied speaking voice in the bodies of those to whom his poetry is addressed. Generated by the bodies of others, Jonson's figurative language asserts and even depends for its success upon the speaker's incorporeality. Yet, I will argue, in Jonson's poetry in general and his epideictic poetry in particular, the body is not just the object of discourse but also the subject of discourse; the interplay between the two shapes Jonson's figurative language even in the case of a poem, such as epigram CXXV, “To Sir William Uvedale,” that seems to have very little to do with the body. The epigram is neither Petrarchan love poem, satire, nor an indulgence in the grotesque. Nonetheless, it is structured by Jonson's attempt to deny the male body as the ground of its figurative language, a denial that is itself rooted in bodily metaphors. The failure of the attempted denial reveals at once the figurative, back-constructed nature of the ostensibly literal object of the poem, Uvedale's body, and the very embodied nature of the supposedly disembodied, transcendental speaker.

The Two Bodies of Hobbes and Rousseau

ABSTRACT Hobbes and Rousseau relied heavily upon the time-worn metaphor of the body politic to describe and explain their respective political visions. But while Rousseau’s use of the metaphor is largely accepted by scholars as a congruous and illuminating extension of his political thought, Hobbes’s use of it is regarded as an instance of mere rhetoric, which is philosophically incompatible with his broader mechanistic voluntarism. This article questions the interpretive double-standard applied to Hobbes’s and Rousseau’s work and shows how their iterations of the body motif are remarkably similar in aesthetic structure, in rhetorical intent, and in the performative role they play within Hobbes’s and Rousseau’s political design. Certain features of Hobbes’s thought that scholars have judged to be incompatible with his body metaphor—such as voluntarist contract and the rival metaphor of the machine—were also employed by Rousseau, and are easily reconciled. The body metaphor was enormously important to both Hobbes and Rousseau for its rhetorical ability to exhort against factionalism, enjoin organic cohesion, and emphasize the existential indispensability of political sovereignty. These parallels suggest that their political aims are comparable, and that Hobbes’s reputation as a mechanistic voluntarist deserves review.