Body Mass Deficit Research Articles

Assessment of adolescent physical development using body mass index and body self-perception

Underweight or overweight in children and adolescents is a serious public health problem. Self-perception is an important factor in promoting health, especially during adolescence. The purpose of this study is to assess the characteristics of self-perception of children with low body weight, normal body weight, overweight and obesity. This study was conducted in Kharkiv secondary schools in November 2021. The total number of participants was 14,853, of which 8,290 were girls and 6,563 were boys, aged 10-17 years. Using an online questionnaire, adolescents indicated their body weight and height, and also assessed their own health preserving activities. Diagnosis of being underweight, overweight and obesity was carried out in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Body self-esteem was assessed using the following questions: “What do you think about your body?”; “How satisfied are you with your health?”; “How satisfied are you with yourself?”; “How can you assess your own health?”. According to the results of the examination based on BMI, it was found that 63.1±2.4% of adolescents have normal body weight. Overweight was detected in 12.3±1.1%, obesity – in 2.4±0.5%. 17.4±1.3% of participants were underweight, and 4.8±0.7% had body mass deficit. By their own assessment, 75.0% of children considered themselves to have “normal” body weight, another 15.0% considered their weight “more than normal,” and about 10.0% of adolescents considered themselves “lean.” Among boys, 61.0% had normal body weight. About 16.5% of boys were considered overweight, and 3.8% of boys were obese. Insufficient body weight was found in 14.08% of respondents, and 4.6% had big body mass deficit. Among girls, the percentage of participants with normal body weight was 64.8%. 8.95% of participants were considered overweight, 1.35% were obese. Almost 20.0% were underweight; a large deficiency was detected in 5.0% of girls. In order to carry out health promotion activities among schoolchildren, the sexual characteristics of self-perception of one's own body and health problems among adolescents should be taken into account. Boys were almost twice as more satisfied with themselves and their health than girls, regardless of how they perceived their body (p<0.01). The number of boys with overweight and obesity was twice as high as girls (20.0% vs. 10.0%). At the same time, almost one in four girls and one in five boys were underweight and/or had body mass deficit. The systematic collection and analysis of data on the health-preserving behavior of adolescents is an important component of the development and creation of health care programs for the children's population of Ukraine.

ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE BODY MASS INDEX IN MALE ADOLESCENTS OF MAGADAN REGION

Introduction. Human body morphological structure is a convenient and informative describer of individual development and condition. The study analyzed the indicators of the body physique in reliance on the body mass index in male adolescents of Magadan Region. Materials and Methods. Two hundred and eight male adolescents permanently residing in the territory of Magadan Region were examined. The sample made up three groups according to the body mass index: Group 1 was for adolescents with a body mass deficit; Group 2 was normal body mass subjects, and Group 3 was overweight examinees. By using common methods, we studied basic anthropometric indicators with further calculation of the body component composition and specific indices. Results. Resulting from the research we could refer 23% of the examined adolescents in Magadan Region to those having body mass deficit, 63% of the sample were people with normal body mass, and 15% of the surveyed subjects were diagnosed with excess body mass. Interestingly, there is a growth of BMI among overweight adolescents occurs owing equally to fat, muscle, and bone components. Conclusion. The conducted research has shown quite good physical condition experienced by adolescent examinees: the values of fat, muscle, and bone components could be referred as norms despite the observed overweight and a negative growth in the waist circumference index. The results contribute to the understanding of necessity of a wider range of physical characteristics for assessing excess body mass, including indicators of body component using the bioimpedance method with further calculation of fat, muscle, and bone indices.

Evaluation of Albumin, Transferrin and Transthyretin in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients as Disease Activity and Nutritional Status Biomarkers.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is often accompanied by malnutrition that manifests itself as nutrient deficiencies and body mass loss or deficit. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of albumin, transferrin and transthyretin levels in the assessment of nutritional status and IBD activity. The case-control study included 82 IBD patients. The serum concentrations of albumin, transferrin and transthyretine were determined by a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Significantly lower median concentrations of albumin were found in the IBD patients vs. controls and in CD patients compared to the UC patients. Significantly higher median transthyretin concentrations were found in the IBD patients compared to the healthy subjects. There were no significant differences in median transferrin concentrations between the IBD patients and the healthy subjects. Significantly higher albumin levels were found in IBD patients in remission compared to patients with moderate and severe exacerbation of IBD symptoms. There were no significant differences in the median transferrin or transthyretin levels in patients with IBD depending on disease activity. No differences were identified in the median transferrin or transthyretin levels in the IBD patients according to nutritional status. The median albumin concentrations in the IBD subjects were significantly higher in patients with normal body fat, normal BMI and normal waist circumferences compared to those with an abnormal nutritional status. The albumin levels reflect both nutritional status and disease activity and therefore cannot be considered a prognostic marker of malnutrition in IBD. As regards the utility of transferrin and transthyretin as markers of activity and nutritional status in IBD patients, further studies are required.

166 The Protective Role of GPR39 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

INTRODUCTION: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating stroke with high morbidity and mortality. It causes an early brain injury (EBI), the severity of which can predict delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Neuroinflammation is a key component of EBI. The G protein-coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) is expressed in brain, and it has been shown to modulate neuroinflammation. METHODS: Endovascular perforation technique induced SAH in GPR39 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) littermate mice. Laser-Doppler was used to monitor cortical perfusion before, during, and right after SAH. Body mass and neurological deficit (neuroscore) were assessed daily after SAH. T2-weighted MRI was used to measure ventricular volumes, and T2*-weighted gradient recalled echo (GRE) MRI was used to assess cortical vein engorgement at 24 hours after SAH. Behavioral deficit was assessed using the accelerating rotarod at baseline and on days 2, 3 and 4 after SAH and balance beam on days 2, 3 and 4 after SAH. RESULTS: SAH caused an acute, communicating hydrocephalus with engorged cortical veins. WT and KO mice exhibited significant weight loss and deficits in neuroscore after SAH compared to sham mice. GPR39 KO mice had a significantly worse neuroscore than WT mice 3 days after SAH (mean 20.7 vs. 22.3; n = 12 vs. 15, respectively; p = 0.01). Additionally, GPR39 KO mice exhibited worse scores on rotarod 2 days after SAH (mean latency to fall 138.9 vs. 108.8; n=12 vs 15, respectively, p = 0.07) and balance beam 1 day after SAH (mean time to traverse 24.8 vs. 31.8; n = 8 vs. 11, respectively, p = 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that mice with GPR39 deletion exhibit worse outcomes in neuroscore and sensorimotor domains. These results suggest that GPR39 plays a protective role and may serve as a therapeutic target in SAH.

Өскемен қаласының өндіріс орындары шоғырланған аумағында тұратын балалардың физикалық дамуы

For the first time the physical development of children living in non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises (zinc, lead and titanium-magnesium simultaneously) and in urban areas without similar emission sources were compared, where development indexes and indices were evaluated.Research. To assess the physical development of children living in the sanitary protection zones of the Northern and Northeastern industrial zones.Methods. In the article the physical development of children living on the territory of sanitary protective zones of Northern and North-Eastern industrial centers of Ust-Kamenogorsk city is estimated. When comparing with the clean control areas it was found that the children of primary and secondary school age are characterized by accelerated growth rate, low body weight and weak type of body build.Results. Compared to the control and clean territories, the body mass deficit in the younger age is up to 83.0%, in the high school age - up to 71.2%. "Very weak" type of body build prevails in elementary school students living in the areas of JSC "Uskemen Titanium-Magnesium Plant" (63,0%), JSC "Kazmyrish" and JSC "Ulba Metallurgical Plant" (62,0%).Conclusions. Children living in the studied areas are characterized by an acceleration of the growth rate of body length compared with the control area. The estimation according to centile tables showed that children are characterized by a higher level of body weight in comparison with the control area.Keywords: sanitary protection zone, physical development, schoolchildren, environmental load.

Сравнительная характеристика физического развития учащихся кадетских и общеобразовательных учреждений

INTRODUCTION: Currently, the problem of the influence of the education conditions on the health of the child population is relevant in view of the existence of numerous forms of education and upbringing. AIM: To perform a comparative assessment of the parameters of physical development of children studying in different types of educational organizations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The article presents the results of studies of the physical development of children and adolescents studying in the Cossack cadet corps and in a secondary school of Astrakhan. The study involved children and adolescents of male sex aged 10–17 years. As the main parameters, standard anthropometric and physiometric parameters determined by standard methods, were used. A peculiarity of studying in the Cossack corps is a round-the-clock stay in the school territory, a strict observance of work and rest schedule, regular physical activity and rational diet appropriate to the age. RESULTS: The data obtained indicate a higher physical development of cadets in comparison with schoolchildren. However, the anthropometric parameters of the school pupils corresponded to the average age-related values. Among the cadets of the Cossack corps, here were no children with overweight, and a lower amount of children with deficit of body mass in comparison with schoolchildren. Parameters of lung capacity and dynamometry were reliably higher among cadets, which indicates their better physical fitness. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of physical development of children studying in different conditions shows a positive influence of the conditions of the cadet corps on the harmonious development of children and on their physical fitness. The regular sports activity, daily routine, proper diet create the basics for healthy lifestyle and motivation of children and adolescents to preserve their health in the future.

Impact of an exercise program in children with inflammatory bowel disease in remission.

The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of a structured exercise program on bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition parameters in children and adolescents with IBD in remission. Patients were recruited to participate in a 6-month exercise program. Total body less head (TLBH) dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure BMD. The same method was used to assess fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM) at baseline and at the completion of the program. Based on the baseline and endpoint TBLH DXA measurements, a total of 42 study participants (25 boys; aged 15.3 ± 2.08 years) experienced an increase in BMD (from 0.959 ± 0.023 g/cm2 to 0.988 ± 0.025 g/cm2, p < 0.001) and LBM (from 37.12 ± 1.43 kg to 38.75 ± 1.61 kg, p = 0.012). Age- and sex-based BMD Z-score increased significantly (from -0.35 ± 0.15 to -0.28 ± 0.17, p = 0.020), whilst LBM Z-score did not significantly change (from -1.78 ± 0.23 to -1.71 ± 1.49, p = 0.908). There was a significant improvement in BMD, age- and sex-based BMD Z-score, and LBM amongst study participants. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with CD and male study participants experienced significant improvement in all parameters, whilst patients with UC and IBD-U and female patients experienced improvement solely in BMD. Children and adolescents with IBD, regardless of disease activity, are under increased risk of secondary osteoporosis and lean body mass deficits. A 6-month home-based structured exercise program leads to a significant improvement in bone mineral density and lean body mass. Exercise therapy should be explored as a potentially adjacent to standard treatment modalities.

Показатели физического развития детей с целиакией

Актуальность. Учитывая клинический полиморфизм целиакии, заболевание нередко в течение нескольких лет остается недиагностированным, что приводит к развитию серьезных изменений нутритивного статуса и задержки роста. Цель исследования: оценить физическое развитие детей и подростков на основании комплексного анализа антропометрических показателей в периоде клинической манифестации целиакии. Материалы и методы. Проанализированы результаты обследования 59 детей и подростков в возрасте от 6 месяцев до 18 лет с верифицированным диагнозом «целиакия». Антропометрические измерения проводились утром по общепринятым методикам. Данные антропометрических измерений детей оценивались по региональным стандартам. Рассчитывалось отклонение показателя длины тела относительно возраста (SDS длины тела), массы тела относительно длины тела (SDS массы тела). Статистическая обработка включала подсчет среднего арифметического значения каждого из показателей (М), среднего квад­ратичного отклонения (s), средней ошибки среднеарифметической (m), достоверности различий средних величин по t-критерию Стьюдента (р &lt; 0,05). Результаты. Показатели физического развития детей с целиакией существенно отличались в зависимости от возраста верификации диагноза и продолжительности латентного периода заболевания. В структуре клинических проявлений у больных в остром периоде целиакии на первом месте находится задержка физического развития — 84,7 % человек. При этом в 76,3 % детей зарегистрирован дефицит массы тела: I степени — у 71,1%, II степени — у 22,2% и III степени — у 6,7 % случаев. Задержка роста установлена у 52,35 % детей: соматогенный нанизм обнаружен у 10,1 % больных, а низкорослость — у 42,3 % детей. Оценка стадии атрофии в соответствии с классификацией Marsh-Oberhuber показала, что у детей с более выраженной формой дефицита массы тела диагностирован тип Marsh 3C, тогда как при незначительном отставании показателей массы тела диагностированы типы Marsh 3A и Marsh 3В. Выводы. Антропометрические показатели пациентов с целиакией находятся в обратной зависимости от длительности латентного периода и возраста диагностики заболевания. У детей раннего возраста дефицит массы тела преобладает над задержкой роста, тогда как у старших детей отмечается замедление темпов роста с формированием низкорослости и соматогенного нанизма.

Feasibility and acceptability of a home-based resistance training intervention in adolescent and young adult hematopoietic cell transplant survivors.

Adolescent and young adult (AYA) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) survivors are at increased risk of metabolic syndrome and lean body mass (LBM) deficits. Resistance training (RT) is a potential intervention to improve LBM, metabolic fitness, and reduce risk of cardiovascular disease. Eligible participants ages 13-39years, 80-120days post-HCT, transfusion independent, and prednisone dose ≤1mg/kg/day were approached. Baseline assessments of body composition (DXA), anthropometrics, and strength testing were completed and participants were taught a 12-week, home-based RT intervention with weekly remote coaching. Follow-up assessments were at day +200 (FU1) and +365 post-HCT (FU2). Feasibility targets were (a) 60% enrollment of approached patients, (b) 80% completion of weekly phone calls, and (c) 80% completion of the RT intervention and FU1 assessments. Acceptability was based on positive responses in qualitative interviews. Twenty of 31 (65%) eligible AYAs enrolled. Three participants failed to complete baseline measurements (2=scheduling barriers, 1=passive refusal) and four participants who completed baseline assessments did not receive the intervention (1=medical reasons, 2=no longer interested). Of those who completed baseline assessments, 13 received the intervention, completed 88.5% of coaching calls, and 11 (65%) completed FU1. LBM (kg) increased or remained unchanged in nine of nine participants with complete body composition data at FU1 (mean 1.1kg; 95%CI: 0.4, 1.9). All participants who completed FU1 reported they would recommend the intervention to an AYA HCT survivor. A home-based RT intervention in AYA HCT survivors early post HCT is both feasible and acceptable and may maintain or increase LBM.

The comparative analysis of morphological and functional indicators of armwrestling and street workout athletes

Background and Study Aim. The purpose of the work is a comparative analysis of morphological and functional indicators and characteristics of the somatotype of armwrestling athletes and street workout athletes. Material and Methods. The study involved Street Workout athletes (StW, n = 15, age - 14.87 ± 0.42 years, training experience - 1.48 ± 0.22 years) and armwrestling athletes (ArW, n = 11, age - 14.87 ± 0.42 years, training experience - 1.48 ± 0.22 years). The body length and body mass were determined. The level and harmony of physical development were assessed by the regression method. Handgrip was assessed in a static mode. The electronic handgrip dynamometer Camry EH101 (China) was used. The handgrip is determined by the maximum frequency of the grip in 10 s. The electronic device "Kepai" (China) was used to measure it. The content of muscle and adipose tissue, the level of visceral fat were determined. The body structure monitor OMRON BF-511 (Japan) was used. The handgrip index, hand impulse index, static and dynamic handgrip index were calculated. Differences were assessed using the Rosenbaum test (Q). Results. A high level of handgrip was determined for all athletes. The average value of the strength index was the StW group - more than 60% of body mass; the ArW group - more than 70% of body mass. The following indicators were observed in the ArW group: harmonious physical development had (27.27 ± 13.43)% of athletes; disharmony due to excess body mass had (45.45 ± 15.01)% of athletes; disharmony due to body mass deficit had (27.27 ± 13.43)% of athletes; normal fat content had (63.64 ± 14.50)% of athletes; low-fat content had (18.18 ± 11.63)% of athletes; high and high-fat content had (9.09 ± 8.67)% of athletes. The ArW group was characterized by high - (50.00 ± 15.81)%, high - (40.00 ± 15.49)%, and normal - (10.00 ± 9.49)%-the specific weight of muscle tissue. In the StW group, the following indicators were observed: harmonious physical development had (46.67 ± 12.88)% of athletes; disharmony due to excess body mass had (53.33 ± 12.88)% of athletes; normal fat content had (57.14 ± 13.23)% of athletes; low-fat content had (42.86 ± 13.23)% of athletes. All athletes in the StW group had a high proportion of muscle tissue. It was found that exercises with your body mass in a street workout decreased fat content compared to armwrestling. Conclusions. The results confirmed the specific effect of the sport on the body of athletes. Handgrip should be considered as a success predictor in these sports. The information content of the proposed handgrip indices for monitoring the functional state of athletes was confirmed.

Body mass and hibernation microclimate may predict bat susceptibility to white-nose syndrome.

In multihost disease systems, differences in mortality between species may reflect variation in host physiology, morphology, and behavior. In systems where the pathogen can persist in the environment, microclimate conditions, and the adaptation of the host to these conditions, may also impact mortality. White‐nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging disease of hibernating bats caused by an environmentally persistent fungus, Pseudogymnoascus destructans. We assessed the effects of body mass, torpid metabolic rate, evaporative water loss, and hibernaculum temperature and water vapor deficit on predicted overwinter survival of bats infected by P. destructans. We used a hibernation energetics model in an individual‐based model framework to predict the probability of survival of nine bat species at eight sampling sites across North America. The model predicts time until fat exhaustion as a function of species‐specific host characteristics, hibernaculum microclimate, and fungal growth. We fit a linear model to determine relationships with each variable and predicted survival and semipartial correlation coefficients to determine the major drivers in variation in bat survival. We found host body mass and hibernaculum water vapor deficit explained over half of the variation in survival with WNS across species. As previous work on the interplay between host and pathogen physiology and the environment has focused on species with narrow microclimate preferences, our view on this relationship is limited. Our results highlight some key predictors of interspecific survival among western bat species and provide a framework to assess impacts of WNS as the fungus continues to spread into western North America.

Voluntary wheel running ameliorates select paclitaxel chemotherapy-induced sickness behaviors and associated melanocortin signaling

While chemotherapy remains a common cancer treatment, it is associated with debilitating side effects (e.g., anorexia, weight loss, and fatigue) that adversely affect patient quality of life and increase mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying taxane chemotherapy-induced side effects, and effective treatments to ameliorate them, are not well-established. Here, we tested the longitudinal relationship between a clinically-relevant paclitaxel regimen, inflammation, and sickness behaviors (loss of body mass, anorexia, fever, and fatigue) in adult, female mice. Furthermore, we sought to identify the extent to which voluntary exercise (wheel running) attenuates paclitaxel-induced sickness behaviors and underlying central pathways. Body mass and food intake decreased following six doses of chemotherapy treatment relative to vehicle controls, lasting less than 5 days after the last dose. Paclitaxel treatment also transiently decreased locomotion (open field test), voluntary wheel running, home-cage locomotion, and core body temperature without affecting motor coordination (rotarod task). Circulating interleukin (IL)-6 and hypothalamic Il1b gene expression remained elevated in chemotherapy-treated mice at least 3 days after the last dose. Exercise intervention did not ameliorate fatigue or inflammation, but hastened recovery from paclitaxel-induced weight loss. Body mass recovery was associated with the wheel running-induced recovery of body composition, paclitaxel-induced alterations to hypothalamic melanocortin signaling, and associated peripheral circulating hormones (ghrelin and leptin). The present findings demonstrate the benefits of exercise on faster recovery from paclitaxel-induced body mass loss and deficits in melanocortin signaling and suggests the development of therapies targeting the melanocortin pathway to reduce paclitaxel-induced weight loss.

External Validity of the T-SAFT90: A Soccer Simulation Including Technical and Jumping Activities.

To examinethe physiological, muscle-damage, endocrine, and immune responses to a modified soccer-simulation protocol to include technical and jumping activities characteristic of match play (the Technical Soccer-Specific Aerobic Field Test; T-SAFT90). Eighteen university players (age23 [2]y, stature175 [5]cm, body mass74 [11]kg) performed the 90-minute protocol, with acute physiological responses monitored via heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion (6-20 scale), and body mass changes. Creatine kinase, myoglobin, cortisol, and leukocyte subset concentrations were measured at baseline, immediately (0h), and 24 hours post T-SAFT90. T-SAFT90 incurred an average heart rate equivalent to 87% (5%) of maximum, 16 (2)a.u. ratings of perceived exertion, and a 1.5% (1.0%) body mass deficit. Moderate to large proliferation of leukocyte subsets (P ≤ .01; leukocytes: 6.4-fold; neutrophils: 5.5-fold; lymphocytes: 2.0-fold) and increases in cortisol (2.3-fold) were observed at 0 hours (effect size = 1.13-3.52), each returning to baseline by 24 hours (P > .45; effect size = 0.05-0.50). Myoglobin peaked immediately post T-SAFT90 (4.8-fold), whereas creatine kinase (24h: 6.0-fold) showed a delayed time course (both P ≤ .001; very large effects; effect size = 2.66 and 3.43, respectively). The magnitude and time course of the physiological, immune, endocrine, and muscle-damage markers observed during and following T-SAFT90 are similar to values reported in match-play literature, demonstrating external validity of the simulation.

The role of human constitutional type in forming of bodymass excess and deficite in children of various ages

Nowadays there are no decicive descriptions of constitutional features and body mass deviations in a narrow group taking into consideration their sex, age, habitation region, and a concrete type of body mass deficit or excess. The present study focuses at comparative assessment of number and frequency of pronounced deficit, deficit, nominally normal body mass, preobesity and obesity in junior schoolchildren and adolescents with lepto-, meso- and hypersomal somatotype. All in all 274 persons took part in the study, 130 of junior schoolchildren aged 7 to 9 years (64 boys and 66 girls) as well as 142 adolescents 1417 years old (65 boys and 77 girls). Somatotype was determined in all children with the help of I.I. Salivon and V.A. Melniks method, as well as body mass index was calculated. Comparing the number of children with various deviations of body mass in case of lepto- meso- and hypersomal somatotype was accomplished with the help of precise Fishers criterion for conjugated features tables 3 5. In boys and girls of junior school age with leptosomal (boys 62%, girls 81%) somatotype body mass deficit was predominant, while in adolescents with leptosomal somatotype body mass deficit was found in 37% boys and 15% of girls. Hypersomal boys form obesity and excessive body mass when they enter adolescence. On the other hand 40% girls of junior school age with hypersomal somatotype are already obese and 100% of them preserve obesity till puberty. The results of the study may be useful for specifying individual recommendations for children with metabolic pathology at pre-hospital stage for correction of both excess and deficit of body mass should be made prior to entering puberty.

Morphofunctional indices and motor qualities in younout g students with different levels of body mass deficit

Introduction. The body weight of the person characterizes features of the exchange, power, hormonal, etc. the processes happening in a human body. Deviations from normal parameters of body weight affects somatic, physical, mental human health. The analysis of morfofunctsional characteristics and motive features of youth students with insufficient body weight is relevant in connection with insufficient study of the matter. Material and methods. 1514 students of the Irkutsk University at the age of 17-21 years are examined. Anthropometrical and physiometric examination was preformed, the maintenance of muscle and fatty bulk in a body was determined, motive qualities of young men with the normal body weight and deficiency of weight with gradation “below an average” and “low” are considered. Results. The deficiency of body weight is revealed at 209 examined young men (13.8%), out of them 134 students (64.1%) have gradation of deficiency of body weight “below an average” and value of an index in the range of a sigma deviation from M = -1 σ to M = -2 σ and 75 young (35.9%) men - gradation “low” where value of an index less than A M = -2 σ. Reliable differences between morfofunctional indices and results in motive tests of the students having deficiency of body weight and normal weight students are established. Indices of anthropometrical and physiometric characteristics, motive tests, the maintenance of muscle and fatty bulk in a body of all young men having deficiency of body weight are lower in comparison with indices of the young men having normal body weight (p &lt;0.05). The dependence between decrease in the level of development of motive qualities and reduction of body weight of students is noted. Conclusions. The received results allow correcting educational process on valeological and physical training of students of higher education institution with the use of integrative pedagogical methods and methods of training.

Morphofunctional indices and motor qualities in younout g students with different levels of body mass deficit

Introduction. The body weight of the person characterizes features of the exchange, power, hormonal, etc. the processes happening in a human body. Deviations from normal parameters of body weight affects somatic, physical, mental human health. The analysis of morfofunctsional characteristics and motive features of youth students with insufficient body weight is relevant in connection with insufficient study of the matter. Material and methods. 1514 students of the Irkutsk University at the age of 17-21 years are examined. Anthropometrical and physiometric examination was preformed, the maintenance of muscle and fatty bulk in a body was determined, motive qualities of young men with the normal body weight and deficiency of weight with gradation “below an average” and “low” are considered. Results. The deficiency of body weight is revealed at 209 examined young men (13.8%), out of them 134 students (64.1%) have gradation of deficiency of body weight “below an average” and value of an index in the range of a sigma deviation from M = -1 σ to M = -2 σ and 75 young (35.9%) men - gradation “low” where value of an index less than A M = -2 σ. Reliable differences between morfofunctional indices and results in motive tests of the students having deficiency of body weight and normal weight students are established. Indices of anthropometrical and physiometric characteristics, motive tests, the maintenance of muscle and fatty bulk in a body of all young men having deficiency of body weight are lower in comparison with indices of the young men having normal body weight (p &lt;0.05). The dependence between decrease in the level of development of motive qualities and reduction of body weight of students is noted. Conclusions. The received results allow correcting educational process on valeological and physical training of students of higher education institution with the use of integrative pedagogical methods and methods of training.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOLCHILDREN AGED 7-8 LIVING IN ALTAI REPUBLIC

The article presents the results of a survey of schoolchildren aged 7-8 living in the Altai Republic. Anthropometric studies of pupils in general secondary schools have been conducted and their level of physical development has been determined using the index method. The study found that the children of this age group have a low level of physical development and their type of build is defined as asthenic, more pronounced among girls. There's also a body mass deficit. Lack of physical development can be related to climatic characteristics, nutritional patterns and lifestyles.

Heat Acclimation with Controlled Heart Rate: Influence of Hydration Status.

This study aimed to characterize the adaptive responses to heat acclimation (HA) with controlled heart rate (HR) and determine whether hydration strategy alters adaptations. The influence of HA on maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) in cool conditions and self-paced exercise in the heat was also determined. Eight men (V˙O2max, 55 ± 7 mL·kg·min) completed two 10-d interventions in a counterbalanced crossover design. Fluid intakes differed between interventions to either maintain euhydration (HA-EUH) or elicit similar daily body mass deficits (2.85% ± 0.26%; HA-DEH). HA consisted of 90 min of cycling in 40°C and 40% relative humidity. Initial workload (172 ± 22 W) was adjusted over the last 75 min to maintain exercising HR equivalent to 65% V˙O2max. A V˙O2max test in cool conditions and 30-min time trial in hot-humid conditions were completed before and after HA. HR at the end of the initial 15 min workload was 10 ± 5 bpm lower on day 10 in both interventions (P < 0.001). The workload necessary to maintain exercising HR (145 ± 7 bpm) increased throughout HA-EUH (25 ± 10 W, P = 0.001) and HA-DEH (16 ± 18 W, P = 0.02). There was a main effect of HA on sweat rate (P = 0.014), which tended to increase with HA-EUH (0.19 ± 0.18 L·h, P = 0.06), but not HA-DEH (P = 0.12). Skin temperature decreased during HA-EUH (0.6°C ± 0.5°C, P = 0.03), but not HA-DEH (P = 0.30). There was a main effect of HA on V˙O2max (~3 mL·kg·min, P = 0.02); however, neither intervention independently increased V˙O2max (both, P = 0.08). Time-trial performance increased after HA-EUH (19 ± 16 W, P = 0.02), but not HA-DEH (P = 0.21). Controlled HR exercise in the heat induces several HA adaptations, which may be optimized by maintaining euhydration. HA-EUH also improves self-paced exercise performance in the heat. However, HA does not seem to significantly increase V˙O2max in cool conditions.

Оценка эффективности использования смеси на основе гидролизата сывороточного белка для нутритивной поддержки детей с детским церебральным параличом

Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of using a semi-element mixture for nutritional supplementation of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and a body mass deficit with gastrointestinal symptoms. Patients and Methods: 27 children with CP aged from 2 to 18 years were examined. All children underwent the following tests: anthropometry (measurement of body weight and linear growth), measurement of the triceps and biceps skinfold thickness, shoulder circumference measurement, body composition estimation by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, calculation of basic energy demand indicators. A semi-elemental mixture based on whey protein hydrolysate with a high content of medium-chain triglycerides was used as nutritional supplementation. The diet therapy efficacy was evaluated after 6 months based on the analysis of the dynamics of anthropometric indicators and gastrointestinal symptoms. Results: all children had a body mass deficit, in the structure of which the severe body mass deficit was 48.2%. The study of body composition components revealed a deficit of lean body mass, active cell mass, absolute and relative amounts of body fat mass, total and intracellular fluid. Gastrointestinal symptoms were mainly represented by disorders of bowel habit in the form of constipation (70.4% of cases), changes in appetite (reduced/selective hunger; 63% of cases) and flatulence (51.8%). When re-examined after 6 months, 44.4% of children’s body weight indicators reached the age norm during nutritional supplementation with a semi-elemental mixture. Body mass deficit of various degrees persisted in 15 (55.6%) patients, while severe body mass deficit — only in 6 (22.2%). The range of weight gain was from 0.5 to 8.4 kg. An increase in the shoulder muscles circumference indicates an increase in the somatic protein pool, which is confirmed by the analysis of the body component composition. An increase in the estimated value of the basic energy demand was registered. Gastrointestinal symptoms were stopped in 44.4% of cases, while constipation persisted in 15 (55.6%) children. Conclusion: the high efficiency of nutritional supplementation with the semi-elemental mixture in children with CP, body mass deficit and gastrointestinal symptoms is confirmed by the positive dynamics of anthropometric indicators and a decrease in the frequency of gastrointestinal manifestations. KEYWORDS: cerebral palsy, body mass deficit, anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, gastrointestinal symptoms, nutritional supplementation, diet therapy, cow’s milk protein hydrolysate, semi-elemental mixture. FOR CITATION: Titova O.N., Taran N.N., Strokova T.V. et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of using a mixture based on whey protein hydrolysate for nutritional supplementation of children with cerebral palsy. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(5):282–289. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821- 2020-4-5-282-289.

The ergogenic potency of carbohydrate mouth rinse on endurance running performance of dehydrated athletes.

To examine the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinsing on endurance running responses and performance in dehydrated individuals. In a double blind, randomised crossover design, 12 well-trained male runners completed 4 running time to exhaustion (TTE) trials at a speed equivalent to 70% of VO2peak in a thermoneutral condition. Throughout each run, participants mouth rinsed and expectorated every 15min either 25mL of 6% CHO or a placebo (PLA) solution for 10s. The four TTEs consisted of two trials in the euhydrated (EU-CHO and EU-PLA) and two trials in the dehydrated (DY-CHO and DY-PLA) state. Prior to each TTE run, participants were dehydrated via exercise and allowed a passive rest period during which they were fed and either rehydrated equivalent to their body mass deficit (i.e., EU trials) or ingested only 50mL of water (DY trials). CHO mouth rinsing significantly improved TTE performance in the DY compared to the EU trials (78.2 ± 4.3 vs. 76.9 ± 3.8min, P = 0.02). The arousal level of the runners was significantly higher in the DY compared to the EU trials (P = 0.02). There was no significant difference among trials in heart rate, plasma glucose and lactate, and psychological measures. CHO mouth rinsing enhanced running performance significantly more when participants were dehydrated vs. euhydrated due to the greater sensitivity of oral receptors related to thirst and central mediated activation. These results show that level of dehydration alters the effect of brain perception with presence of CHO.