Body Image Variables Research Articles

Cross-sectional Assessment of Body Image Perception, Image Satisfaction, Body Image Discrepancy and Dietary Habits in Medical Students of Ujjain

Background: Being judgmental about self-body image and satisfaction or dissatisfaction with one’s own body is a natural phenomenon. If perceived incorrectly can lead to dissatisfaction and negative social, emotional, psychological and physical consequences. Methods: A cross-sectional study was planned and the data was collected with the help of a semi-structured proforma. Body image perception, image satisfaction, and associated dietary modification were inquired about, and Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Image Discrepancy Score (BIDS) were calculated. The body image perception of participants was collected with the help of the Figure Rating Scale (FRS). Results: χ2 test, kappa statistics, Mann–Whitney test, multinominal regression, and Z-standardization were applied. Few 10% of participants perceived themselves as underweight, 48% as normal weight and 42% as overweight or obese. About 48%, 19%, and 33% of participants were satisfied, neutral and dissatisfied respectively by their perceived body image, and 43% of the participants had modified their diet. A statistically significant association was found between body image perception, image satisfaction, body image discrepancy and gender. Conclusion: There was a huge disagreement between perceived and actual body image. Overestimation and underestimation of body image were common in males and females respectively. Misperception of body image might lead to unnecessary dietary modifications resulting in malnutrition and somatoform disorders.

How do adolescents perceive body image and respond to body dissatisfaction?

To assess adolescents' attitudes, satisfaction, and practices regarding their body image across body mass index (BMI) categories. In this cross-sectional survey (2019-2020), we recorded anthropometry of 2,089 girls and boys between 13and 17 years from semi-urban schools in western India.Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) was used for multidimensional attitudinal assessment of body image and weight-related variables. The Stunkard scale was used to assess body shape perception. In higher age categories, boys were more satisfied with their appearance (p=0.012, p linearity=0.001), cared more about grooming (p=0.007, p linearity=0.001), and regarded themselves more physically fit (p=0.003, p linearity 0.030 up to 16 years). Boys with normal BMI were more satisfied with their appearance (p=0.001), fitness (p=0.024), and more alert about symptoms of illness (p<0.000) than others. With increasing BMI, older girls and boys were morepreoccupied with their weight and perceived themselves to be heavier (p=0.001). A majority of underweight girls perceived their weight as normal. Students engaged in weight loss practices irrespective of their BMI category. Boyswanted a bigger, and girls a smaller body shape than their current shape. We found body shape dissatisfaction in66.4 % adolescents, more in boys than in girls (p=0.001). Body shape dissatisfaction is quite common among semiurban adolescents, with boys outnumbering girls. BMI, age, and sex are associated with weight perception and attitude toward body image. Unindicated weight loss practices are prevalent.

Body mass index, body satisfaction, and body image discrepancy among Latinx men: Implications for Latinx-centered cancer and diabetes risk reduction interventions.

Body mass index, body satisfaction, and body image discrepancy among Latinx men: Implications for Latinx-centered cancer and diabetes risk reduction interventions.

A Comparison of Self-esteem, Body Image, and Depression in Hysterectomized and Non-hysterectomized Iranian Women: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study

Background: Hysterectomy is one of the factors that may affect women's body image and self-esteem and lead to serious psychological complications. Objective: The study aimed to compare self-esteem, body image, and depression in hysterectomized and non-hysterectomized Iranian women Methods: In this cross-sectional comparative study, 140 women of the reproductive age, who have undergone hysterectomy with benign causes, were compared in terms of self-esteem, body image, and depression with 140 women receiving medical treatment due to abnormal bleeding in educational and medical centers in Tabriz, Iran. Sampling was conducted by convenience method. Self-esteem was assessed with the Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire, body image was assessed with the multidimensional body-self relations questionnaire, and depression was assessed with the Beck II depression inventory. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test, independent t-test, chi-square test, and general linear model. Results: The mean (standard deviation) of the body image in hysterectomized and nonhysterectomized women was 235.3 (28.5) and 250.1 (23.4) out of an achievable score of 69-395, respectively. The mean (standard deviation) self-esteem score for hysterectomized women was 20.4 (4.8) and it was 24.2 (3.4) in non-hysterectomized women (out of an achievable score of 0-30). The mean (standard deviation) depression score was 18.1 (9.7) and 5.5 (4.6) out of 0-63 in hysterectomized and non-hysterectomized women, respectively. The differences in self-esteem, body image, and depression variables were statistically significant in hysterectomized and non-hysterectomized women, respectively (P&lt;0.001) Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the body image and self-esteem in hysterectomized women were low compared to non-hysterectomized women, while the level of depression was high, and this difference was statistically significant.

Appearance-related cyberbullying and its association with the desire to alter physical appearance among adolescent females

Cyberbullying is associated with various mental health concerns in adolescents, including body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviours. However, there is a significant research gap concerning the unique effects of appearance-related cyberbullying (ARC) on adolescent mental health. This study examined the prevalence and psychological consequences of ARC among middle to late adolescent females (aged 14–19 years, Mage = 15.98, N = 336). Participants completed an online survey regarding their experiences of ARC, body image variables, and eating disorder symptomology. Findings indicate the widespread occurrence of ARC among adolescent females, with body shape and size emerging as predominant targets. Experiences of ARC-victimisation positively correlated with increased concerns about body shape, body shame, and eating disorder symptomology. Conversely, experiences of ARC-victimisation were negatively correlated with body esteem and body appreciation. Finally, appearance-related cybervictimisation was significantly associated with adolescent females’ desire to pursue appearance alterations through methods such as dieting and exercising, altering self-presentation, and undergoing cosmetic procedures due to perceived experiences of ARC. These findings highlight the urgent need for preventative measures, such as age-appropriate social media policies and health promotion programs that encourage positive online behaviour, and strategies to address the impacts of ARC to protect the mental well-being of adolescent females.

Body Size Perceptions Associated with Body Mass Index and Weight Loss Intentions Among Two Immigrant Populations.

The rates of obesity among immigrant populations within the USA rise with increasing duration of residency. The aims of this study were to examine weight self-perception and body image discrepancy within a large community sample of Hispanic and Somali predominantly immigrant adults. Utilizing a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to collect survey data from a sample of adults who self-identified as Hispanic, Latino, or Somali in Southeast Minnesota. Correlations among actual body mass index (BMI), perceived weight category, and perceived body size were assessed with Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Associations of weight loss intentions with actual BMI, perceived weight category, perceived body size, and body image discrepancy were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric tests. A total of 1256 adults completed the survey and biometric measurements (610 Hispanic, 646 Somali); 81% (457) and 50% (328) had a BMI in the overweight or obese category in the Hispanic and Somali cohorts, respectively. Among participants with a BMI of > 25, more participants reported a perceived body size that was overweight or obese than a perceived weight category that was in the overweight or obese category (79% vs. 48%, p = < 0.0001). Body image discrepancy, but not actual BMI, was associated with weight loss intentions for both groups. Perceived body size and perceived weight category were associated with weight loss intentions for Hispanic participants only. Perceived body size is a more accurate self-report proxy of BMI-defined weight status compared with the perceived weight category among Hispanic and Somali immigrant groups. Body image discrepancy may be more predictive of weight loss intentions than actual BMI.

Psychosocial burden of autoimmune blistering diseases: A comprehensive survey study.

Autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBDs) are severe dermatologic disorders known for their debilitating physical impact. Recent research has reported that AIBDs lead to psychosocial impairment, including depression and anxiety. Missing from the extant literature is an examination of the impact of AIBDs on body image and related psychological constructs. The current study seeks to characterize the psychological and social consequences of AIBD diagnosis, with particular attention to body image dissatisfaction. We conducted a survey study of adults with AIBDs. The survey was open from February 2023 to March 2023. Validated self-report questionnaires assessed depressive symptomatology, body image disturbance and quality of life. Demographic information and self-reported psychiatric history before and after AIBD diagnosis were collected via self-report. Participants were 451 adults with AIBDs, recruited through the International Pemphigus and Pemphigoid Foundation newsletters, email distribution lists and social media. Participants reported increased incidence of psychiatric disorders following AIBD diagnosis. Participants reported high levels of depressive symptomatology and impairments to quality of life compared to other patient groups. The sample reported extremely high levels of body image disturbance, more so than other patients with disfiguring diseases or injury. Correlation analyses revealed significant relationships between body image variables and quality of life, even after controlling for depression. Current treatment guidelines for AIBDs focus primarily on the management of disease flares and the consequences of immunosuppression, without consideration of the psychosocial consequences of the disease. The current study underscores the need for mental health support for patients with AIBDs.

SELF ESTEEM REMAJA PENGGUNA INSTAGRAM DITINJAU DARI BODY IMAGE DAN SOCIAL COMPARISON SEBAGAI MODERATOR

Instagram is a visual-based platform that is popular among teenagers. Beauty standards on Instagram have an impact on users' body image. Dissatisfaction with body image causes individuals to make social comparisons which can reduce self-esteem. The higher the level of comparison, the greater the impact of body image on self-esteem. This study aims to determine the influence of social comparison, body image, and self-esteem variables. This research uses a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional correlational design. The population of this study was 155 with the characteristics of active Instagram users, aged 12-19 years, and domiciled in Surabaya, using convenience sampling data collection techniques. Findings reveal that body image influences adolescents' self-esteem (F = 48.576 p &lt; .001). However, social comparison has no effect in moderating body image on increasing or decreasing self-esteem. Research findings show that Instagram is a platform for adolescents to seek feedback and shape their body image through social comparison with existing content, thus influencing individual self-esteem.

Association Between Body Image and Mental Health in Adolescents: A Social Issue

The construct of esthetic beauty is culturally and socially determined and widely disseminated by the media. The body image dissatisfaction (BID) is considered a public health problem, it is an important risk factor for disorders related to mental health, which is highly prevalent in adolescents and has an impact on social behavior. We aimed to evaluate the possible association between BID and the mental health aspects of depression and risk of eating disorders and identify the prevalence in adolescent boys and girls. The sample consisted of 308 adolescent students: 167 girls (54.2%) and 141 boys (45.8%). BID was identified by the silhouette scale. The Childhood Depression Scale (CDS) and Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) were used to assess MH. The chi-squared contingency test showed an association between body image and mental health variables in both sexes. Results: 70.1% of the girls and 76.6% of the boys exhibited BID. The girls demonstrated a significant association between body image and depressive symptoms (X(1) = 8.523; p = 0.004) and the risk of ED (X(1) = 14.281; p = 0.000). However, the boys exhibited no interactions between body image and mental health-related factors. Although BID was high in adolescents of both sexes, it may be a marker for depression and eating disorders in girls.

Being Able to Describe How One Thinks and Feels May (Partly) Attenuate the Association Between Perceived body Image Discrepancy and Body Dissatisfaction: Preliminary Evidence in Young Women

Being Able to Describe How One Thinks and Feels May (Partly) Attenuate the Association Between Perceived body Image Discrepancy and Body Dissatisfaction: Preliminary Evidence in Young Women

Body image and its relationship to some psychological variables among students in the secondary stage of education in Saudi Arabia

Introduction. Body image perceptions among adolescents are intrinsically linked to psychological factors such as self-esteem and social comparison. The secondary stage proves to be a critical period for exploring identity, with body image playing a vital role in shaping mental well-being and interpersonal relationships. Aim. The current research aims to examine the differences and to identify the relationship between adolescents in body image and some psychological variables (life satisfaction – psychological adaptation) according to the gender variable (males – females). Methodology and research methods. The sample of the current research consisted of 433 adolescents, with 220 male students and 213 female students; their ages ranged between 16–19 years. To achieve the research objectives, the author adopted the descriptive correlative approach to conduct this study, in addition to using the scale of body image, life satisfaction, and scale of psychological adaptation. After verifying the stability and validity of the tools, they were applied to the study sample. Results. The results revealed differences between male and female adolescents in body image in favour of adolescents, meaning that adolescents are more satisfied with their body image than female adolescents. In addition, there are differences between male and female adolescents in the degree of psychological adjustment in favour of adolescents. However, there are no differences between male and female adolescents in the degree of life satisfaction and there is a positive, statistically significant correlation between life satisfaction and psychological adjustment. Furthermore, there is a positive, statistically significant relationship between the body image scale and the psychological adjustment scale. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive investigation into the complex interplay between body image and various psychological variables among adolescents in the secondary stage. This study adds to scientific knowledge in several ways. First, it provides insights into the complex relationship between body image and psychological variables among adolescents in the secondary stage, which can inform future research in this area. Second, the study’s findings on gender differences in body image and psychological adjustment can contribute to our understanding of how gender affects mental health outcomes in adolescence. Third, the study highlights the importance of addressing body image issues among adolescents and emphasises the need for targeted interventions and support systems. Overall, this study contributes to the growing body of literature on adolescent mental health and provides important insights for researchers, educators, and mental health professionals working with adolescents. Practical significance. The practical significance of this study lies in its potential to inform educators, parents, and mental health professionals about the importance of addressing body image issues among adolescents. By highlighting the differences in body image satisfaction between genders and the link between body image and psychological factors such as life satisfaction and psychological adjustment, the study emphasises the need for targeted interventions and support systems.

Self-Exposure on Instagram and BMI: Relations With Body Image Among Both Genders.

Social media users can actively choose how they portray themselves and review the information they share to form and manage positive impressions on their audience. A high Body Mass Index (BMI) can lead to a bias of attention towards self-reported unattractive personal body areas. This dysfunctional body-related attention can lead to increased body dissatisfaction. Concerning social networks, people who usually post more photos on Instagram more frequently show higher body satisfaction. The main objective of this work was to analyze the relationship between BMI in young people, their own exposition on Instagram, positive body image and certain psychological variables: self-esteem, coping and well-being. The population-based sample consisted of 687 young Instagram users aged between 18 to 35 years old. The results found in this work revealed that BMI had a significant influence on the body exposure on Instagram in both genders, as well as in body image and certain psychological variables, such as coping and well-being. Moreover, we found that there is not a direct relation between BMI and the exposure of the entire body on Instagram. This relationship exists through positive body image, appearance care and management appearance behaviors. These results imply that positive body image affects body's exposure, so people with obesity or overweight tend to upload less photos with half or full body visible than people with normal weight or underweight. This is not because of their weight, but their valuation and appreciation of their bodies.

The effects of sleep on body image: examining the roles of depression, perceived stress, and anxiety

Objective: Although health and wellness behaviors are associated with positive body image, research is limited regarding the relationship between sleep and positive body image. We propose that negative affective states may link sleep and body image. Specifically, we examined whether better sleep may relate to positive body image through reductions in negative affective experiences. Participants: Participants were 269 undergraduate women. Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were administered. Results: We found correlations in the expected directions between sleep, positive body image variables (i.e., body appreciation, appearance evaluation, and appearance orientation), and negative affective states (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress). There were group differences in negative affective states and body image based on adequate sleep. Data supported indirect effects of sleep through depression on appearance evaluation, and through depression and stress on body appreciation, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings indicate sleep warrants further research attention as a wellness behavior related to more positive body image.

Emotional eating, family functioning, and anxiety: Body image discrepancy during the pandemic

La pandemia por la Covid-19 implicó la incorporación de múltiples medidas para preservar la vida de la población, entre las cuales están el confinamiento y la reducción de actividades educativas, laborales y económicas. A mediano y largo plazo dichas medidas influyeron en la salud de las personas especialmente en relación con la obesidad como resultado de la modificación del estilo de vida y de la alimentación. Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo describir las diferencias de la alimentación emocional, el funcionamiento familiar y la ansiedad entre los diferentes niveles de discrepancia corporal en el contexto de la pandemia, derivado de la preocupación por el incremento de peso y el empeoramiento de la calidad de vida debido al impacto que han tenido los cambios en el bienestar emocional y las relaciones sociales. Se empleó un estudio transversal descriptivo de campo con una muestra no probabilística de 814 personas, 506 mujeres y 308 hombres entre 18 a 76 años con un promedio de 28.76. Se empleó la Escala de Alimentación Emocional, el instrumento para evaluar Funcionamiento Familiar y las Siluetas de Stunkard para evaluar la satisfacción corporal. Se encontró que la población con mayor grado de discrepancia con la imagen corporal reportó mayores niveles de obesidad, menor cohesión familiar, mayor indiferencia y tendencia a comer por emociones. La alimentación emocional tuvo un notable aumento como uno de los efectos negativos de la pandemia y como estrategia para afrontar situaciones adversas, con ello también el grado de insatisfacción o corporal y problemas de salud como la obesidad. Se requiere informar a la población sobre el manejo y gestión adecuada de las emociones, alimentación saludable y la importancia de las redes de apoyo como la familia y amigos frente a situaciones adversas.

Kecemasan berbicara di depan umum pada mahasiswa pasca pandemi: Bagaimana peran body image?

This study aims to determine the relationship between body image and public speaking anxiety among students at the University of 17 August 1945 Surabaya. The method in this research is quantitative research using purposive sampling technique. The subjects of this study were 408 UNTAG Surabaya students from class 2018 to class 2022 which were calculated using the slovin formula with a 5% error margin and using a Likert scale instrument. The research data was taken with a body image scale of 28 items and a scale of anxiety to speak in public depths of 25 items. Data analysis in this study used Product Moment correlation with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics 20 and obtained a result of -0.347 with a significance of p=0.000. That is, there is a negative relationship between body image variables and public speaking anxiety among students at the University of 17 August 1945 Surabaya. The more positive the body image the students have, the lower the tendency for anxiety to arise in public speaking among students at the University of 17 August 1945 Surabaya. On the other hand, the more negative the body image a student has, the higher the tendency for public speaking anxiety to arise among students at the University of 17 August 1945 Surabaya.

Obesity and Overweight among in-School Students in Private and Public Schools in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State: A Comparative Study

The growing alarming rate of obesity worldwide is a great concern to individuals and the general public. This has been the trend among secondary schools in many parts of the world in the past three decades. This study, therefore, was aimed at assessing the obesity and overweight among in-school students in public and private schools in Ibadan North Local Government, Oyo State Nigeria. A comparative cross sectional study was carried out among in-school students in Ibadan North Local Government area Oyo State Nigeria. Four hundred (400) respondents were selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Information from respondents was obtained using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires. Data analysis was done with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The results showed that when Body Mass Index was used as a measure of obesity, the number of overweight and obesity was significantly more in private schools than in public schools with a p-value less than 0.001. Using Waist and Hip Ratio private school have significantly higher number of obese compared to the public. Body Image Discrepancy private school was higher than that of the public school, but the difference was not statistically high. The nutritional rating of the respondents showed that few of the private students on first day, about one third on the second day and the same on the third day had a healthy eating index. Majority of the respondents scored below six percet which is an indication that many of them are not eating well, that is they are not abiding by the food pyramid rules of daily recommended dietary allowances (RDAs). The nutritional status was significantly associated with the gender, types of school, age groups and class categories of the respondents. The study concludes that WHR detects more of central obesity while BMI accounts for generalised obesity. There was a significant difference in the feeding patterns and activity patterns of the students attending public and private schools. Factors associated with the nutritional status of the respondents were their age, gender, the type of schools and their class categories.

Identity Formation, Body Image, and Body-Related Symptoms: Developmental Trajectories and Associations Throughout Adolescence.

Emerging evidence highlights the intricate link between identity and one's body, however, integrative longitudinal research on this identity-body interplay is lacking. The current study used three-wave longitudinal data (Time 1: N = 403; 52.1% female; Mage = 14.85, SD = 0.89, range = 13-19 years) spanning two years (2019-2021; T1 and T2 being pre-pandemic, T3 peri-pandemic) to identify identity trajectory classes and examine their co-development with negative and positive body image and various body-related variables (i.e., sociocultural pressures, internalization of appearance ideals, self-objectification, appearance comparison, and eating disorder symptoms). First, four identity classes emerged using latent class growth analysis (achievement, moratorium, carefree diffusion, and troubled diffusion). Second, using multigroup latent growth curve modeling, adolescents in less adaptive identity trajectory classes (i.e., engaging less in pro-active processes and more in ruminative processes) displayed higher levels of negative body image and body-related symptoms. The current study testified to the clinically meaningful associations linking identity formation to adolescents' body image and other body-related symptoms.

Body Image as a Predictor of Psychological Well-being in Early Adolescent Girls

This research is motivated by the low psychological well-being experienced by early adolescents, especially girls. This study aims to determine the effect of body image on psychological well-being in early teenage girls at SMPN 4 Malang City. This study uses a quantitative approach and correlational research methods. The population in this study were all SMPN 4 Malang City students, with 186 students taking samples through a simple random sampling technique. Data collection uses a Likert scale in the form of a body image scale (reliability = 0.86) and a psychological well-being scale (reliability = 0.87). The data analysis technique using simple regression analysis, using SPSS 21, obtained a significance of 0.00 &lt;0.05, which means that there is a significant positive impact on body image variables on psychological well-being with a moderate category of 38.7%.&#x0D; Keywords: body image, psychological well-being, an early teenage girl

Body Image Perception in Adolescents: The Role of Sports Practice and Sex

Concerns about weight and body image are common among adolescents, as adolescence represents a time of intense and rapid change. This cross-sectional study assessed the difference in body image perception by sex, weight status and sports practice in a sample of Italians aged 13-18 years. For this purpose, we considered a sample of 140 adolescents subdivided into two groups: a group of sports-playing teenagers practicing volleyball (39 males and 26 females), and a group of teenagers not actively involved in sports (24 males and 51 females). Body mass index (BMI), body image variables, and sports practice were examined. Due to COVID-19 limitations, height and weight were self-reported and BMI was calculated as weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of height (in meters). Body image perception was assessed by the short version of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-14) and by the Stunkard Body Silhouette Chart. Two-way ANCOVAs adjusted for age were performed to test the differences between sexes and sports groups. Adolescent volleyball players had a lower incidence of weight disorders. Weight status significantly differed between those who played sports and those who did not, but there was no significant difference in weight status between sexes. On the whole, sports players and males showed higher results than non-sports players and females. The highest level of body image dissatisfaction was found in non-sports-playing females, while sports-playing males showed the lowest. The present study confirms the positive link between sport and body image and can be of support to lead adolescents to adopt a healthier and more active lifestyle. Further research is needed to validate our findings through a longitudinal study during the entire period of adolescence. In addition, it would be interesting to validate the results on a larger sample, also taking into account socio-demographic variables and including athletes engaged in different types of sports.

Relationships between body image and mental health in white, cisgender college students.

Previous studies have suggested that drive for leanness (DL) may be less maladaptive than drive for thinness (DT) or drive for muscularity (DM). However, no studies have examined whether there might be gender differences in the relationships between these three drives and mental health variables. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, we wanted to examine DL in the context of mental health and to see if it is less maladaptive than DT and DM. Second, we wanted to examine gender differences in the relationships between body dissatisfaction (DT, DM, DL) and mental health in a sample of college students. A sample of 988 White, heterosexual, cisgender college students (76.8% female) completed an omnibus survey measuring body image (DL, DT, DM) and mental health (generalized anxiety, social physique anxiety, self-esteem) variables. Regression analyses evaluated associations between these drives and mental health variables. DT predicted all three mental health outcomes in both men and women. DM predicted generalized and social physique anxiety in women but only generalized anxiety in men. DL predicted social physique anxiety only in women. Because we found gender differences in body image and relationships between body image and mental health, future studies should take gender into account when exploring body image and related variables. V Cross-sectional descriptive study.