Body Fat Percentage In Women Research Articles

Ratio of visceral fat area to body fat mass (VBR) is a superior predictor of coronary heart disease.

Ratio of visceral fat area to body fat mass (VBR) is a superior predictor of coronary heart disease.

Comparison Of Ring-fit Adventure Versus A Sprint Interval + Resistance Training Intervention On Body Composition

The use of active video games (AVG’s) has increased recently with the emergence of the Ring-Fit Adventure (RF) and the Nintendo Switch. Literature surrounding the impact of AVG’s on physical activity is mixed, and questions still exist about AVG’s impact on body composition. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of RF versus a sprint interval training plus resistance training (SIT+RT) regimen on body fat percentage (BF%) amongst women, who completed both studies. METHODS: 11 women completed a 10-week SIT+RT intervention consisting of 30 sessions in 2019 (M = 41.89 ± 9.81 years). The same women also completed an 8-week RF intervention for a total of 16 sessions in 2021 (M = 43.86 ± 9.79 years). Body composition, using the iDexa, was assessed pre- and post-intervention for both studies. RESULTS: There was no significant interaction found with BF%, F1,20 = 2.44, p = .79, η2 = .06 between groups from pre- to post-intervention. A significant interaction was noted for bone mineral density (BMD) F1,20 = 5.52, p = .03, η2 = .21 by group by time. The RF group gained BMD (M = .03 g/kg2) compared to no change in the SIT+RT group. CONCLUSION: Although dose (16 sessions compared to 30 sessions) and duration (8 weeks compared to 10 weeks) were less in the RF intervention, results suggest the two interventions were comparable for changes in body fat percentage in women. Future studies should repeat this study design in a larger sample size of women.

C-reactive protein in adult Samoans: Population variation and physiological correlates.

C-reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk in many populations but remains remarkably understudied in Pacific Islander populations. Here, we provide the first examination of correlates of CRP in adult Samoans (n=108, ages 35-55 years) to test the hypotheses that CRP exhibits sex-dependent associations with measures of BMI, adiposity, and cardiometabolic disease risks. We analyzed associations between measures of adiposity (total fat mass, visceral fat mass, percent total body fat), body mass index (BMI), cardiometabolic risks, behaviors, demographics, and CRP. Unadjusted analyses of CRP were undertaken using Pearson's pairwise, and Spearman's rank correlations; one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests assessed variables by CRP quartiles. Adjusted analyses of CRP correlates were examined using generalized linear regression. Serum CRP ranged from 0.08 to 13.3mg/L (median 1.4mg/L) and varied significantly by sex t (108)=-2.47, p=.015. CRP was weakly to moderately associated with measures of adiposity and BMI (r and ρ ranged between 0.25 and 0.50, p < .05) and some cardiometabolic markers (including HbA1c, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance). CRP was significantly associated with percent body fat in women and men, adjusting for other variables. These data are among the first to demonstrate CRP correlates in a sample of adult Samoans. CRP differed by sex and was associated with BMI, adiposity, and some cardiometabolic risk markers. These data align with findings in other populations.

The Relationship Between Body Mass Index with Body Fat Percentage of Participants EXPO 2021 Universitas Teuku Umar

Body mass index (BMI) is to monitor nutritional status adults, especially those related to deficiency and overweight. Body fat percentage can describe the risk of degenerative diseases.This study was conducted to measure the relationship between BMI and body fat percentage. Methods An analytical study was conducted to 41 male and 51 female participant from Universitas Teuku Umar. The body weight was measured using scales, whereas the body height was measured using microtoise. The body fat percentage was measured using Karada Scan. The BMI was calculated by dividing the body weight in kilogram divided by body height in meter square. Data was collected from 16-18th February 2021 and analyzed by Pearson’s correlation test. The results showed BMI underweight, normal, and overweight were 10,9, 57,6, and 31,5. High body fat percentage in men were 75,6% and in women were 35,5%. There is a relationship between the nutritional status of the women group and the body fat percentage with p-value is obtained = 0.021. Furthermore, for men, there is no relationship between nutritional status in the men group and the body fat percentage. There is a relationship between nutritional status and body fat percentage in women. Among this population, BMI can still be used to determine body fat percentage

Body fat percentage assessment by skinfold equation, bioimpedance and densitometry in older adults

BackgroundBody fat estimation allows measuring changes over time attributed to interventions and treatments in different settings such as hospitals, clinical practice, nursing homes and research. However, only few studies have compared different body fat estimation methods in older adults with inconsistent results. We estimated body fat percentage (%BF) and the level of agreement among dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and Durnin & Womersley’s skinfold eq. (SF) in older Brazilian adults aged 60 years and older from the Elderly Project Goiânia, Brazil.MethodsThe analytical sample comprised of 132 participants who had DXA data. The level of agreement for the %BF estimated by BIA, SF and DXA i.e. reference method, was examined using Bland and Altman’s and Lin’s plot.ResultsOverall, women had higher body mass index and %BF values measured by all three methods used. BIA and SF equation showed strong concordance to estimate body fat percentage in all participants (CCC = 0.857 and 0.861, respectively) and among women (CCC = 0.788 and 0.726, respectively) when compared to DXA. However, both methods underestimated body fat percentage in women and men with high body fat percentage. A strong level of agreement was observed between DXA and the anthropometric equation developed by Durnin & Womersley in men (CCC = 0.846), while BIA had a moderate concordance (CCC = 0.505) in this group.ConclusionThe examined methods indicated different body fat estimates. However, the best agreement was observed between DXA and the anthropometric SF equation for men. Future research in older adults should develop new SF equations considering different ethnic groups.

Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activities Are Associated with High Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a role in adaptive thermogenesis in response to cold environments and dietary intake via sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation. It is unclear whether physical activity increases BAT density (BAT-d). Two-hundred ninety-eight participants (age: 41.2 ± 12.1 (mean ± standard deviation), height: 163.6 ± 8.3 cm, weight: 60.2 ± 11.0 kg, body mass index (BMI): 22.4 ± 3.0 kg/m2, body fat percentage: 25.4 ± 7.5%) without smoking habits were categorized based on their physical activity levels (a group performing physical activities including walking and moderate physical activity (WM) and a group performing WM + vigorous-intensity physical activities (VWM)). We measured the total hemoglobin concentration ([Total-Hb]) in the supraclavicular region, an index of BAT-d, and anthropometric parameters. [Total-Hb] was significantly higher in VWM than WM for all participant groups presumably owing to SNS activation during vigorous-intensity physical activities, and unrelated to the amount of total physical activity levels. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis revealed that BAT-d was related to visceral fat area and VWM in men and related to body fat percentage in women. We conclude that vigorous-intensity physical activities are associated with high BAT-d in humans, especially in men.

Comparison of Body Composition Assessment Techniques in Women’s Collegiate Swimmers and Divers

Describe methods for assessing body fat percentage in women’s collegiate swimmers and divers.

Adrenomedullary function, obesity and permissive influences of catecholamines on body mass in patients with chromaffin cell tumours.

Obesity-associated activation of sympathetic nervous outflow is well documented, whereas involvement of dysregulated adrenomedullary hormonal function in obesity is less clear. This study assessed relationships of sympathoadrenal function with indices of obesity and influences of circulating catecholamines on body mass. Anthropometric and clinical data along with plasma and 24-h urine samples were collected from 590 volunteers and 1368 patients tested for phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL), among whom tumours were diagnosed in 210 individuals. Among patients tested for PPGL, those with tumours less often had a body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m2 (12 vs. 31%) and more often a BMI under 25 kg/m2 (56 vs. 32%) than those without tumours (P < 0.0001). Urinary outputs of catecholamines in patients with PPGL were negatively related to BMI (r = -0.175, P = 0.0133). Post-operative weight gain (P < 0.0001) after resection of PPGL was positively related to presurgical tumoural catecholamine output (r = 0.257, P = 0.0101). Higher BMI in men and women and percent body fat in women of the volunteer group were associated with lower plasma concentrations and urinary outputs of adrenaline and metanephrine, the former indicating obesity-related reduced adrenaline secretion and the latter obesity-related reduced adrenomedullary adrenaline stores. Daytime activity was associated with substantial increases in urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion, with blunted responses in obese subjects. The findings in patients with PPGL support an influence of high circulating catecholamines on body weight. Additional associations of adrenomedullary dysfunction with obesity raise the possibility of a permissive influence of the adrenal medulla on the regulation of body weight.

Equation to Fat Percentage Estimation in Women with Reduced Bone Mineral Density

Introduction: The measurement of body fat is a way to obtain information about the characteristics that can lead to a framework of certain diseases. Thus, women in postmenopausal period experience significant variations in the body composition and fat distribution. Objective: To develop an equation to estimation of the body fat percentage in women with osteopenia / osteoporosis based on anthropometric measurements easily obtainable. Methods: The sample consisted of 74 women participating in the study group of the Physical Exercise Program for Osteoporosis Federal Technological University of Paraná, all in postmenopausal period and with osteopenia or osteoporosis. It evaluated body composition and bone mineral density by absorptiometry Radiological Dual Energy (DXA), anthropometry and body circumferences (waist, abdomen and hips), and nutritional status by the Body Mass Index (BMI) as the World Health Organization classification. Results: The sample can be characterized by the following average data: age of 59.32 ± 6.96, 27.14 ± 3 BMI 90, Waist Hip Ratio of 0.85 ± 0.08 and Body fat percentage 40.35 ± 4.04. The proposed equation was Body Fat Percentage (BFP) = 14,419 + (0.405 x BMI) + (0.147 x HC) using only two predictor variables, BMI and hip circumference (PQ). Conclusion: The standard error of estimate of the proposed equation was 2.89 (R2 = 0.501) can be considered low average values for the percentage of fat in this population, suggesting that the equation can be used to estimate the percentage of body fat in postmenopausal women.

The impact of anthropometric and ocular parameters on optic cup-to-disc ratio

Background/aimsTo assess a relationship between vertical cup-­to-­disc ratio (VCDR), which is a useful tool to assist in the diagnosis of glaucoma in the early to medium­-advanced stages, and intraocular pressure...

Sex differences in the risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus throat carriage.

Male gender and adiposity are considered to be risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus carriage. We tested whether colonization is related to free testosterone (fT) level and adiposity, measured with body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP), in healthy adults. Blood sample and throat swabs were taken twice (at 4-week intervals) from healthy men and women aged 18-36 years. fT level, height, weight, and BFP were measured. Participants were classified as persistent carriers, intermittent carriers (excluded from the analyses), and noncarriers. The final sample was 152 participants: 85 men and 67 women. BFP, but not BMI, correlated positively with S aureus colonization (P = .02) in men. BMI became a significant predictor of carriage only when comparing groups within and above norms (P = .04). There was no relationship for BMI nor BFP in women. Higher fT level was related to persistent carriage (P = .02) in women, there was no relationship for fT level in men. Risk factors for S aureus carriage are sex dependent. Within-sex variation in colonization is related to fT level in women, whereas in men it is related to the amount of body fat.

Effect of change in water intake levels on BMI, body weight and body fat percentage in women on low-calorie diets

Effect of change in water intake levels on BMI, body weight and body fat percentage in women on low-calorie diets

Body mass index as discriminator of the lean mass deficit and excess body fat in institutionalized elderly people

The objective of this study was to identify the discriminating criterion for body mass index (BMI) in the prediction of low fat free mass and high body fat percentage according to sex among older people. Observational analytical study with cross-sectional design was used for this study. All institutionalized older people from the city of Uberaba (Minas Gerais, Brazil) who fit within the inclusion and exclusion criteria were approached. Sixty-five institutionalized older people were evaluated after signing a Free and Informed Consent Form. Descriptive and inferential statistical procedures were employed for the analysis, using Student's t-test and multiple linear regression. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine the BMI (kg/m2) cut-off points. The study complied with all the ethical norms for research involving human beings. In comparing the anthropometric measurements obtained via bioimpedance, elder male had higher mean height and body water volume than females. However, women had higher mean triceps skinfold and fat free mass than men. The BMI cut-off points, as discriminators of low fat free mass percentage and high body fat percentage in women, were ≤22.4 kg/m2 and >26.6 kg/m2, respectively; while for men they were ≤19.2 kg/m2 and >23.8 kg/m2. The results of this study indicate the need for multicenter studies aimed at suggesting BMI cut-off points for institutionalized older people, taking into account specific sex characteristics.

Association between red blood cell distribution width and polycystic ovary syndrome

Aims: The red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is being recognized as a marker of chronic inflammation and routinely reported as part of a complete blood count (CBC) without any additional costs. High levels of RDW associate with oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease risk. We aimed to investigate the relation between the level of RDW and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), HOMA-IR, BMI and body fat percentage in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Materials and methods: Cross-sectional and observational studies were conducted in 90 subjects with PCOS and 87 age- and BMI-matched controls. Body fat percentage, CBC, fasting serum glucose, serum insulin, hs-CRP, lipids, and total and free-testosterone levels were measured. Results: RDW levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group compared with the control group (12.98 ± 0.92% versus 12.59 ± 0.84%, p = 0.004). RDW levels were positively correlated with hs-CRP, HOMA-IR and BMI. Multivariate analysis showed that high-RDW levels were associated with PCOS. Subjects with the highest quartile RDW levels were nearly 2.8 times more likely to develop PCOS compared with subjects with the lowest quartile RDW. ROC curve analysis showed that RDW levels were useful as a diagnostic marker for PCOS. The optimal cut-off value for detecting PCOS was ≥12.54% (sensitivity 67% and specificity 70%). Conclusions: RDW levels were higher in women with PCOS, and high-RDW levels were independently associated with PCOS. This link in between RDW and PCOS may be due to an underlying chronic inflammation in subjects with PCOS.

Sex‐ and Depot‐Dependent Differences in Adipogenesis in Normal‐Weight Humans

To elucidate cellular mechanisms of sex-related differences in fat distribution, we determined body fat distribution (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and single-slice abdominal computed tomography (CT)), adipocyte size, adipocyte number, and proportion of early-differentiated adipocytes (aP2(+)CD68(-)) in the stromovascular fraction (SVF) in the upper and lower body of normal-weight healthy men (n = 12) and premenopausal women (n = 20) (age: 18-49 years, BMI: 18-26kg/m(2)). Women had more subcutaneous and less visceral fat than men. The proportion of early differentiated adipocytes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue SVF of women was greater than in men (P = 0.01), especially in the femoral depot, although in vitro adipogenesis, as assessed by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) expression, was not increased in femoral preadipocytes cultured from women compared with men. In women, differentiation of femoral preadipocytes was less than that of abdominal subcutaneous preadipocytes (P = 0.04), and femoral subcutaneous preadipocytes tended to be more resistant to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced apoptosis (P = 0.06). Thus, turnover and utilization of the preadipocyte pool may be reduced in lower vs. the upper-body fat in women. Collectively, these data indicate that the microenvironment, rather than differences in inherent properties of preadipocytes between genders, may explain the gynoid obesity phenotype and higher percent body fat in women compared to men.

Prolonged Bouts Of Sedentary Time Are Associated With Percent Body-fat, Independent Of Total Sedentary Time

Sedentary behavior, particularly television viewing time, is detrimentally associated with several health outcomes, including obesity. However, studies have typically used self-reported measures of total sedentary time, without considering the impact of the duration of sedentary bouts. Animal studies suggest that longer, uninterrupted bouts of sedentary time have the most detrimental metabolic effects. PURPOSE: To determine if longer average bouts of sedentary time are associated with higher percent body-fat, independent of total sedentary time. METHODS: Sedentary time of participants (79 men, 118 women; mean age 51. 8y, SD 12.5) during waking hours on a single, non-work day (Sunday) was determined by accelerometry (Actigraph). Total sedentary time (counts/minute <100), as well as number of sedentary bouts, and mean sedentary bout time were determined. A sedentary bout was denned as the sum of minutes of <100 accelerometer counts. Percent body-fat was determined by bio-impedance analysis. RESULTS: Mean sedentary bout times (reflecting uninterrupted sedentary time) were 7.0 (SD 3.5) minutes in men, and 6.1 (2.3) minutes in women (t=2.12, p=0.035). After adjusting for age, moderate-to-vigorous intensity activity time, and total sedentary time, mean sedentary bout times were significantly associated with higher percent body-fat in women (b=1.09, 95% CI 0.16 to 2.03, p=0.02), but not men (b=0.28, −0.33 to 0.89, p=0.37). Similarly, the negative association of higher total number of sedentary bouts (reflecting more breaks in the time spent being sedentary) with percent body-fat approached significance in women (b=−0.07, −0.14 to 0.00, p=0.06), but not men (b=−0.05, −0.13 to 0.02, p=0.17). CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide preliminary evidence on the potential importance for human health of avoiding prolonged periods of being sedentary, independent of physical activity. The significant associations for women, but not for men, support findings from studies of the metabolic consequences of television viewing time. The biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie these associations warrant further investigation.

Sex-specific findings from a genome-wide linkage analysis of human fatness in non-Hispanic whites and African Americans: The HyperGEN Study

To conduct a full genome search for genes potentially influencing two related phenotypes: body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and percent body fat (PBF) from bioelectric impedance in men and women. A total of 3383 participants, 1348 men and 2035 women; recruitment was initiated with hypertensive sibpairs and expanded to first-degree relatives in a multicenter study of hypertension genetics. Genotypes for 387 highly polymorphic markers spaced to provide a 10 cM map (CHLC-8) were generated by the NHLBI Mammalian Genotyping Service (Marshfield, WI, USA). Quantitative trait loci for obesity phenotypes, BMI and PBF, were examined with a variance components method using SOLAR, adjusting for hypertensive status, ethnicity, center, age, age2, sex, and age2 x sex. As we detected a significant genotype-by-sex interaction in initial models and because of the importance of sex effects in the expression of these phenotypes, models thereafter were stratified by sex. No genotype-by-ethnicity interactions were found. A QTL influencing PBF in women was detected on chromosome12q (12q24.3-12q24.32, maximum empirical LOD score=3.8); a QTL influencing this phenotype in men was found on chromosome 15q (15q25.3, maximum empirical LOD score=3.0). These QTLs were detected in African-American and white women (12q) and men (15q). QTLs influencing both BMI and PBF were found over a broad region on chromosome 3 in men. QTLs on chromosomes 3 and 12 were found in the combined sample of men and women, but with weaker significance. The locations with highest LOD scores have been previously reported for obesity phenotypes, indicating that at least two genomic regions influence obesity-related traits. Furthermore, our results indicate the importance of considering context-dependent effects in the search for obesity QTLs.

Validation of the Stanford 7-Day Recall to Assess Habitual Physical Activity

PURPOSE: The ability of the Stanford 7-Day Recall (7-DR), a well known instrument for surveying work and leisure-time physical activity (PA) in epidemiologic studies, to assess levels of habitual PA in men and women was evaluated. METHODS: The 7-DR was administered twice, one month apart. Its accuracy was studied in 77 men and women, aged 20–59 years, by its repeatability and comparison of both administrations of the 7-DR with: fourteen 48-hour physical activity records; fourteen 48-hour Caltrac accelerometer readings; peak oxygen uptake (VO 2 peak) determinations; and percent body fat. These criteria measures were obtained over a year's duration. RESULTS: One month repeatability correlation coefficients for 7-DR total activity were r = 0.60 p ⩽ 0.01 and r = 0.36 p ⩽ 0.05 for men and women, respectively. Comparison of corresponding indices of activity between the 7-DR and the PA record indicated: 1) a closer relationship in men for total ( r = 0.58 for visit 10 7-DR and 0.66 for visit 11 7-DR, p ⩽ 0.01), and very hard ( r = 0.44 and 0.60, p ⩽ 0.05) activity then in women ( r = 0.32 and 0.33, p ⩽ 0.05, and r = 0.21, ns and 0.43, p ⩽ 0.01, respectively); and 2) in general, lower and less consistent associations for hard, moderate, and light activity. Total PA by the 7-DR was significantly associated with Caltrac readings r = 0.54 and 0.45 in men only. 7-DR results were more consistently related to VO 2 peak in men than women, but were significantly related to percent body fat in women only. CONCLUSIONS: The ability of the 7-DR to assess habitual PA was greater for more vigorous than for lower intensity PA.

Longitudinal changes in the relationship between body mass index and percent body fat in pregnancy

To determine the longitudinal relationship between body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat in women before and during pregnancy. Twenty-seven healthy, nonobese women were evaluated before conception, in early gestation (12-17 weeks), and in late gestation (33-36 weeks). Height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. Percent body fat was estimated using hydrodensitometry with correction for residual lung volume. The correlation between BMI and percent body fat before conception was r = 0.693 (P < .005); in early gestation it was r = 0.723 (P < .005) and in late gestation r = 0.633 (P < .005). The mean pregravid BMI was 21.54 and the 95% predictive confidence interval (CI) for percent body fat was 18.2, 26.5%. For the mean BMI of 22.26 in early gestation, the predictive 95% CI for percent body fat was 20.0, 29.0%. In late gestation, the mean BMI was 26.04 with a predictive 95% CI for percent body fat 22.5, 30.8%. In nonobese women the correlation between BMI and percent body fat remains significant during pregnancy, although the 95% CI for predicting percent body fat from the mean BMI ranges widely.

Longitudinal Changes in the Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Percent Body Fat in Pregnancy

In Brief Objective To determine the longitudinal relationship between body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat in women before and during pregnancy. Methods Twenty-seven healthy, nonobese women were evaluated before conception, in early gestation (12–17 weeks), and in late gestation (33–36 weeks). Height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. Percent body fat was estimated using hydrodensitometry with correction for residual lung volume. Results The correlation between BMI and percent body fat before conception was r = 0.693 (P < .005); in early gestation it was r = 0.723 (P < .005) and in late gestation r = 0.633 (P < .005). The mean pregravid BMI was 21.54 and the 95% predictive confidence interval (CI) for percent body fat was 18.2, 26.5%. For the mean BMI of 22.26 in early gestation, the predictive 95% CI for percent body fat was 20.0, 29.0%. In late gestation, the mean BMI was 26.04 with a predictive 95% CI for percent body fat 22.5, 30.8%. Conclusion In nonobese women the correlation between BMI and percent body fat remains significant during pregnancy, although the 95% CI for predicting percent body fat from the mean BMI ranges widely. In nonobese women, body mass index is a reasonable estimate of percent body fat, both before and during pregnancy.