Body Esteem Scale For Adolescents Research Articles

Tripartite Influence Model

The effects of media on body image have been heavily investigated through the years. Recent research has shifted its focus to social media content and other behaviors on social media that can affect body and appearance satisfaction. This study aimed to test the contribution of media pressure to appearance satisfaction according to the prepositions of the Tripartite Influence Model on a sample of young Croatian women. A sample of 308 college students (average age 21.6) completed the BE-Appearance subscale of the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (Mendelson et al., 2001), Physical Appearance Comparison Scale (Thompson et al., 1991), and Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (Schafer et al., 2015). Path analysis showed that media pressure positively contributes to both appearance comparison with people on Instagram and beauty ideals internalization and negatively contributes to appearance satisfaction in young women. Results also indicate a significant negative indirect contribution of media pressure to appearance satisfaction through appearance comparison and beauty ideals internalization. Findings suggest a strong relationship between media pressure and appearance satisfaction and are discussed in the context of further investigation of media content that could be harmful to appearance satisfaction in young women.

(224) Women's Expectations and Representations of Breast Surgery Impact on their Sexual and Reproductive Life

Abstract Introduction Breast surgery is a difficult experience, whether for benign or malignant diseases. It concerns all women, regardless of their ethnic origin or socio-demographic condition. Due to the life-altering nature of this experience, patients' expectations before surgery can sometimes become unrealistic regarding their body image, sexuality, quality of life, and even fertility and reproduction. The diversity of these expectations is influenced by clinical, socio-demographic, and psychological factors. Objective The main objective of this study is to assess the factors responsible for the variability of female patients' expectations before breast surgery. The secondary objectives of this survey are to evaluate the representations of female patients of the potential impact of breast surgery on their body image, reproduction, and their sexuality. Methods We conducted a one-year cross-sectional study (2022). We included all female patients over the age of 18, with a breast disease, scheduled for elective breast surgery at our department, except those with a history of previous breast surgery. The data collection was by filling in a pre-established 9-item form including the validated translated versions of the standardized following scales: the Female Sexual Function Index (FSI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA). Patients' expectations were divided into 4 sub-categories: • Expectation on body image: 3 Items, concerning patients' perceived ideas regarding their femininity, their partner's reaction to them, and their body. • Expectations about sexuality: 9 items concerning patients' perceived ideas regarding their sex life, desire, partner's desire, excitement, lubrication, orgasm, sexual satisfaction, frequency of sexual intercourse, and dyspareunia. • Expectations on quality of life: 4 items, concerning the patients' perceived ideas regarding their daily, professional, family, and marital life. • Expectations on fertility and menopause: 8 items concerning the patients' perceived ideas regarding their fertility, menstrual cycle, contraception, early menopause, menopausal symptoms, and hormone therapy. Patients' expectations are defined as unrealistic if the expectations of two of the 4 subcategories are unrealistic. Results We included 103 participants. Patients' general expectations were unrealistic in 30.1% of cases (n=31) focusing on sexuality (unrealistic in 30.1% of cases) and body image (unrealistic in 28.2% of cases). The risk factors for developing unrealistic expectations with regard to body image were a surgery delay greater than 2 months (p=0,004; OR=8,143), a radical breast surgery (mastectomy)(p=0,006; OR=11,972), good anatomical knowledge (p=0,012; OR=9,615), and pathological HADS-A levels (p=0,032; OR=8,693). A breast surgery delay that exceeds two months was an independent risk factor for unrealistic expectations regarding sexuality (p=0,019; OR=4,273). Concerning the independent risk factors related to general unrealistic expectations, work at the time of the surgery (p=0,049; OR=4,081), a radical breast surgery (p=0,045; OR=4,757), good anatomical knowledge (p=0,037; OR=5,12), and a pathological HADS-A level (p=0,04; OR=6,698) were statistically significant. No independent risk factors were associated with quality of life and reproduction. Conclusions Our results emphasize the importance of a good knowledge of the risk factors that can promote unrealistic sexual and body image expectations prior to breast surgery. It allows for targeting high-risk patients and implementing the necessary preventive interventions. Disclosure No.

Association between body weight perception and intuitive eating among undergraduate students in China: the mediating role of body image.

The association between body weight perception and intuitive eating among undergraduate students in China remains insufficiently understood. In the present study, we were aimed to examine the correlation between body weight perception, body image, and intuitive eating and determine whether the link between body weight perception and intuitive eating was influenced by body image. A total of 1,050 undergraduate students completed the survey. Participants provided self-reported demographic details and completed two structured scales. The Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA) and the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) were employed to assess body image and intuitive eating. Analysis of the mediation model was conducted using version 4.1 of the PROCESS Macro. Results with a value of p less than 0.05 were deemed statistically significant. The average age of the participants was 20.08 years (SD = 1.64). Among the students, 837 (79.7%) were female, and 212 (20.3%) were male. Body image (r = -0.429, p < 0.001) and intuitive eating (r = -0.313, p < 0.001) exhibited significant negative associations with body weight perception. Furthermore, body image showed a significant positive correlation with intuitive eating (r = 0.318, p < 0.001). Significant mediating effects of body image were identified concerning intuitive eating and body weight perception in the right weight (95% bootstrap CI = 0.007, 0.040) and overweight groups (95% bootstrap CI = -0.048, -0.009). The indirect effects of body image constituted 12.19% and 15.33% of the total effects of intuitive eating in these two groups. Although the indirect effects were not substantial, these outcomes shed light on the partial understanding of how body weight perception impacted intuitive eating via body image. Importantly, our findings emphasized the significance of body image and body weight perception, offering a novel insight for prospective interventions targeting undergraduate students.

Validation of a Latin-American Spanish version of the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA-LA) in Colombian and Nicaraguan adults

BackgroundBody dissatisfaction (BD) is a growing concern in Latin America; reliable and culturally appropriate scales are necessary to support body image research in Spanish speaking Latin American countries. We sought to validate a Latin-American Spanish version of the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA; Mendelson et al. 2001).MethodsThe BESAA was translated, culturally adapted, and validated in a sample of adults in Colombia (N = 525, 65% women, Mage 24.4, SD = 9.28). We assessed factor structure (using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and exploratory structural equation model (ESEM)), internal reliability (using Cronbach’s alpha and omega), validity (using the Body Appreciation Scale BAS and Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire SATAQ), test–retest stability in a small subsample (N = 84, using Intraclass correlations ICC) and measurement invariance across gender. To evaluate the generalizability of the scale, we assessed reliability, validity, and factor structure in a second sample from rural Nicaragua (N = 102, 73% women, Mage 22.2, SD = 4.72), and assessed measurement invariance across Nicaraguan and Colombian participants.ResultsThe scale showed good internal reliability and validity in both samples, and there was evidence of adequate test–retest stability in the Colombian sample. EFA showed a three-factor structure with subscales we labelled ‘appearance-positive’, ‘appearance-negative’ and ‘weight’, that was confirmed using CFA and ESEM in the Colombian sample. Measurement invariance was confirmed across the Colombian and Nicaraguan samples, and across gender within the Colombian sample.ConclusionThe Latin-American Spanish version of the BESAA (BESAA-LA) appears to be a psychometrically sound measure with good reliability, validity and invariance across gender and countries. These results support the use of this scale to measure body satisfaction/dissatisfaction in Latin American adult populations.

SAT373 A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Show Body Image Concerns Are Significantly Higher in Women and Individuals With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Abstract Disclosure: P. Kempegowda: None. K. Malhotra: None. H. Khalil: None. M. Davitadze: None. C. Tay: None. A. Mousa: None. P. Team: None. H.J. Teede: None. L. Brennan: None. E. Stener-Victorin: None. Background: While several studies have established the increased prevalence of depression and anxiety among those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the association between PCOS and body image remains unclear. These body image concerns can lead to Body Dysmorphic Disorder (a mental health condition where a person spends a lot of time worrying about flaws in their appearance) and/or also predispose to eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia. Objective: To assess differences in body image concerns among women and individuals with and without PCOS in the context of updating International Guidelines in PCOS. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was completed with a registered protocol a priori on the National Institute of Health Research Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews PROSPERO (CRD42021272367). Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsycInfo, PUBMED, Web-of-Science Core Collection, and CENTRAL) were searched through July 2022. Outcome measures included validated questionnaires reporting on body dysmorphic disorders. Methodological quality was assessed by GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) system. Meta-analyses were performed using the inverse variance method, based on random- or fixed-effects models (Review Manager, Version 5). For dichotomous outcomes, we estimated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using fixed-effects models. For continuous outcomes, we estimated the weighted mean difference in scores with 95% confidence interval if the mean and SD of the outcomes were presented in the original article. Results: A total of 918 women with PCOS and 865 women without PCOS from nine studies were included, with sample sizes ranging from 33 to 201 for those with PCOS and from 22 to 225 for those without PCOS. Meta-analysis of three studies using Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS) showed those with PCOS reported worse on appearance evaluation and appearance orientation compared to those without PCOS (MD= -0.78, I2=0%, p&amp;lt;0.00001 and MD= 0.22, I2=54%, p=0.004, respectively). Meta-analysis of two studies showed higher overweight preoccupation, body areas satisfaction, and body weight classification on MBSRQ-AS subscales in those with PCOS compared to those without (all p&amp;lt;0.001). Meta-analysis of two studies using Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA) showed significantly lower scores for the weight subscale in those with PCOS, compared to those without, whereas differences in the BESAA appearance and attribution subscales were not statistically significant between the two groups (p=0.03 vs p=0.73 and p=0.36, respectively). Conclusion: Those with PCOS experience greater body image concerns emphasising importance of awareness in clinical care of PCOS. Further studies are needed to identify drivers and mitigating factors. Presentation Date: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Body image concerns in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To assess differences in body image concerns among women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsychInfo, PUBMED, Web-of-Science Core Collection, and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials [CENTRAL]) were searched from inception through July 2022. Outcome measures included validated questionnaires reporting on body image concerns. Methodological quality was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) system, and included studies were assessed for risk of bias. Meta-analyses were performed using the inverse variance method based on random or fixed effects models (Review Manager, Version 5). A total of 918 women with PCOS and 865 women without PCOS from 9 studies were included. Meta-analysis of 3 studies using Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS) showed those with PCOS reported higher dissatisfaction with appearance evaluation and appearance orientation compared to those without PCOS (mean difference [MD] = -0.78, I2 = 0%, P < .00001, and MD = 0.22, I2 = 54%, P = .004, respectively). Meta-analysis of 2 studies showed higher dissatisfaction with overweight preoccupation, lower body area satisfaction, and body weight classification on MBSRQ-AS subscales in those with PCOS compared to those without PCOS (all P < .001). Meta-analysis of 2 studies using the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA) showed significantly lower scores for the weight subscale in those with PCOS compared to those without PCOS (P = .03). Those with PCOS experience more significant body image concerns, emphasising the importance of awareness in the clinical care of PCOS. Considering the limited evidence, further studies are warranted to identify drivers and mitigating factors.

Use of social media and perception of body image and sense of coherence

Introduction and objective: One of the important factors that affect body perception is the beauty and body standards promoted by media and culture. Social media use can affect users' self-perception and sense of coherence. The study aimed to assess whether and how social media impact for body perception and sense of coherence. Materials and methods: The study was conducted using an online questionnaire with a sample of 190 individuals, differentiated by gender. The Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-29), Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA), and a questionnaire developed for the study were utilized. Results: In the study group, as the daily time spent on social media increased, the sense of manageability (rho = -0.171, p = 0.018) and meaningfulness (rho = -0.166, p = 0.022), as well as the overall coherence score (rho = -0.155, p = 0.033), decreased. Longer usage of social media platforms was associated with lower scores on the appearance scale (rho= -0.260; p&lt;0.001) and weight scale (rho= -0.240; p=0.001), while remaining independent of the scores on the attribution scale (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions: The study shows that excessive use of social media can lead to a deterioration in body image and the amount of time spent on social media can contribute to the level of coherence. Conclusions highlight the need for implementing measures for the safe use of social media platforms and introducing psychoeducation on self-worth, body acceptance, and a sense of coherence, especially among young individuals.

Association between Body Image Focused Social Media Usage (BSMU), Resilience, Attachment and Eating-related Problems among High School Students in Bangkok

Objective: This study aimed to find the association among body image focused social media usage (BSMU), resilience, attachment, and eating-related problems among Thai adolescents. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive research was conducted with a sample of 495 high school students from three schools in Bangkok. The participants answered an online questionnaire comprised of age, sex, height/weight, BSMU, Body-esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults, Eating Attitudes Test, Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment for Children, and the Thai Resilience Quotient. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographic information, body satisfaction, resilience, attachment, and eating-related problems. T-tests, chi-square, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to explore the associations between these variables. Results: Mean (SD) age was 17.06 (0.805), with 307 female participants (62%). Time spent on social media was found to be associated with increased risk of binging (AOR (CI) = 1.71 (1.14-2.56)). BSMU was associated with increased risk of inappropriate eating attitudes, binging, purging and using laxative (AOR (CI) = 1.14 (1.03-1.27), 1.14 (1.06-1.22), 1.20 (1.04-1.40), and 1.21 (1.09-1.34) respectively). Higher resilience was found to associated with lower risk in binging (AOR (CI) = 0.45 (0.21-0.97)). However, attachment is not associated with any of eating-related problems. Conclusion: BSMU usage was associated with inappropriate eating attitudes and behavior. Findings also suggest that higher resilience and stronger attachment were associated with lower risk of eating-related problems. The effectiveness of resilience and attachment improvement programs should be explored to help protect against eating problems.

Study of Sexuality in Women in Complete Release of Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer, About 30 Women

Introduction: Breast cancer is a public health problem because of its frequency and severity. This pathology affects the quality of life of the patient and causes physical, psychological, social and especially sexual sequelae. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 30 patients followed for non-metastatic breast cancer at Monastir Maternity and Neonatal Center. Data collection was conducted using a fact sheet and two internationally validated scales: RSS (Relationship and sexuality) and BESAA (Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults). Results: Sexual desire was affected by the disease and its treatments in fourteen patients. The ability to achieve orgasm was reduced in eighteen patients Fourteen patients felt less sexually attractive. Twenty one women reported a decrease in the frequency of sexual intercourse. Four women reported a fear of sex. Dyspareunia and vaginal dryness were present in six women. Women aged 35 to 39 years were significantly more afraid of having sex (p = 0.039) and less sexual frequency (p = 0.003) Hormone therapy was significantly correlated with sexual functioning impairment (p = 0.009) and lower sexual frequency (p = 0.017). Overall, the alteration of the body image was significantly and positively correlated with sexual fear (P = 0.011, r = + 0.46). Altered perception of appearance was significantly and positively correlated with sexual fear (p = 0.008, r = +0.477). The dissatisfaction with weight was significantly and positively correlated with sexual fear (P = 0.011, r = +0.45). Conclusion: Women with breast cancer suffer clear sexual sequelae. These women deserve adequate and collaborative care to ensure a better life.

Body Image, Social Physique Anxiety Levels and Self-Esteem among Adults Participating in Physical Activity Programs.

(1) Background: individuals may benefit from being involved in physical and athletic activities in order to improve their body appearance and promote their physical and mental health. This study aimed to investigate body image, body mass index (BMI) characteristics, social physique anxiety, self-esteem and possible correlations between the above factors. (2) Methods: 245 adults engaged in training programs in gyms, as well as in track and field, football and basketball athletic activities completed (a) a sociodemographic questionnaire which recorded their BMI values and utilized the (b) Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults, (c) the Social Physique Anxiety Scale and (d) the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. (3) Results: Females and individuals with higher BMI reported statistically significant lower body-esteem and greater social physique anxiety levels compared to males and individuals with lower BMI, respectively (p < 0.05). A total of 25.3% of our participants were labeled as "overweight", while 20.4% had been overweight in the past. Significant differences were reported between body-esteem and social physique anxiety levels (p < 0.001); age (p = 0.001); BMI value (p < 0.001) and never having a problem with body weight (p = 0.008). Additionally, individuals with lower body-esteem and greater social physique anxiety levels presented lower global self-esteem (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: individuals' engagement in physical activity promotes physical as well as mental well-being, contributing to an improved quality of life, which may be the most important issue for health care professionals.

Transcultural validation of the “Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults” among Tunisian adolescents

IntroductionAdolescence is considered as a particularly vulnerable period for body image disturbance. Body esteem is defined as the self-evaluation of one’s own body or appearance.ObjectivesValidate the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA) in Tunisian adolescents.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among adolescents who attend Tunisian high school from 11 October 2021 to 11 November 2021.We translated the BESAA into dialectal Tunisian Arabic based on the translation back-translation method. The validity of the scale was evaluated through content validity, reliability and construct validity. We used the Arabic version of Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale as an external validator.ResultsWe recruited 340 adolescents aged between 12 and 19 years’ old. The translated version was considered satisfactory. The internal consistency showed a good result with a Cronbach Alpha of 0,830. The correlation between items and subscales demonstrated statistically significant and logical results. Statistically significant correlations were found between the BESAA and its external validator the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (r= 0,422; p&lt; 0,01). The exploratory analysis related three factors similarly to the original version of the questionnaire and in confirmatory analysis. The scale demonstrated good model fit statistics as follow: Comparative fit index= 0,87; goodness of fit index=0,81; adjusted goodness of fit index=0,77; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation=0,1 and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual=0,09.ConclusionsOur BESAA version can be reliably used to conduct further studies and researches on body esteem in the Tunisian population.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Body image dissatisfaction among school children in Turkey and its potential effect on body esteem.

This study aimed to validate the Turkish version of Collins` Body Figure Perceptions and Preferences (BFPP) scale. The second aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body image dissatisfaction (BID) and body esteem (BE), and between body mass index (BMI) and BID, among Turkish children. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 2066 4th grade children (mean age was 10.06 ± 0.37 years) in Ankara, Turkey. The Feel-Ideal Difference (FID) index from Collins` BFPP was used to assess the degree of BID. FID ranges from -6 to +6, with scores below or above 0 indicating BID. Collins` BFPP`s test-retest reliability was evaluated in a subset of 641 children. The Turkish version of the BE Scale for Adolescents and Adults was used to evaluate the children` BE. More than half of the children were dissatisfied with their own body images (57.8% of girls vs. 42.2% of boys, p < .05). The lowest BE score in both genders was among adolescents who desired to be thinner (p < .01). The criterion-related validity of Collins` BFPP, in relation to BMI and weight, was at an acceptable level in girls (BMI rho= 0.69, weight rho= 0.66) and boys (BMI rho= 0.58, weight rho= 0.57), and was statistically significant in all cases (p < .01). The test-retest reliability coefficients of Collins` BFPP were found to be moderately high for both girls (rho=0.72) and boys (rho=0.70). Collins` BFPP scale is a reliable and valid tool for Turkish children aged 9-11 years. This study demonstrates that more Turkish girls than boys were dissatisfied with their bodies. Children who were affected by overweight/obesity and underweight had a higher BID than those with a normal weight. It is important to evaluate adolescents` BE and BID in addition to their anthropometric measurements during their regular clinical follow-up.

RF14 | PSAT115 Impact of Definitive Surgery for Graves’ Disease on Adolescent Health-Related Quality of Life and Psychosocial Functioning

Abstract Introduction Pediatric Graves’ disease (GD) is associated with hyperthyroid symptoms broadly impacting psychosocial functioning. Total thyroidectomy (TT) is a definitive treatment option that replaces long-term antithyroid medication (ATD) for GD. While studies have examined health-related quality of life (hrQOL) in adults, there are no data describing impacts of definitive surgery in pediatrics. In this prospective, longitudinal study, we explored the impact of definitive surgery on hrQOL and psychosocial functioning in adolescent patients with GD. Methods Patients 12-19 years old pursuing definitive surgery for GD and their parents were recruited to complete surveys before and at least six months following TT. Parents pre-operatively completed a demographic questionnaire, parent rating scale assessing perceived symptom severity, and motivations for pursuing TT questionnaire. Patients pre- and post-operatively completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Scales (PedsQL), Quality of Life Questionnaire for Patients with Thyroid Disease (ThyPRO), Perceived Stigmatization Questionnaire (PSQ), Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA), and European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy GO Quality of Life Questionnaire (EUGOGO-QOL). Patients and parents post-operatively completed the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) and a post-surgical satisfaction scale. Longitudinal paired scores were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum test with Bonferroni-Holm correction. Survey subscore associations were assessed using Spearman tests with Benjamin-Hochberg correction. P-values &amp;lt; 0.10 for survey association analyses and all other p-values &amp;lt; 0. 05 were considered statistically significant. Results Thirty-six patient/parent dyads completed baseline surveys, including 19 patient/parent dyads completing both pre- and post-TT surveys. Families reported that patients’ GD and ATD significantly interfered with quality of life. Motivations for definitive surgery included ease of monitoring hypothyroidism as opposed to hyperthyroidism, access to a 'high-volume' surgeon, desire to reduce goiter symptoms, and opposition to radioactive medication. At baseline, patients reported high physical and cognitive GD symptomology via ThyPRO, specifically hyperthyroid symptoms, tiredness, anxiety, and emotional susceptibility. Psychosocial functioning via PedsQL, specifically in school settings, was depressed. Disease-specific hrQOL (ThyPRO) significantly improved following TT, with notable improvements in goiter (p=0. 002), hyperthyroid symptoms (p=0. 002), tiredness (p=0. 003), and anxiety (p=0. 003). Physical (p=0. 006) and school-related functioning (p=0. 003) improved post-TT (PedsQL), while variables captured by PSQ, BESAA, and EUGOGO-QOL were not significant pre- and post-TT. Reported GD-associated eye symptomology was minimal at baseline and further improved following surgery (p=0. 007). ThyPRO and PedsQL subscores were significantly associated at baseline and change after surgery, suggesting interconnectedness between disease-specific hrQOL and psychosocial functioning. Patients and parents reported median recovery of two months and high satisfaction with the outcomes of definitive surgery, with minimal scar appearance concerns. Conclusions In the setting of a high-volume surgeon with low complication rates, definitive surgery for GD in pediatric populations has substantial, beneficial effects on disease-specific hrQOL and psychosocial functioning, with minimal adverse scar appearance complaints. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m., Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:48 p.m. - 12:53 p.m.

Correlates of Eating Problems in University Students

This study examined the relationship between sociocultural influences (family, peers, and media), body image dissatisfaction (BE-Appearance, BE-Weight, BE-Attribution) and eating problems in university students. It was hypothesized that (a) sociocultural influences, body image dissatisfaction would be positively correlate and predict eating problems, (b) there would be gender differences in sociocultural influences, body image dissatisfaction and eating problems. A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted with 181 participants (men = 91; women = 89) selected from a private university (Mage = 21.87 years, SD = 1.88) through convenient sampling. An online self-administered survey was undertaken by using Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance Questionnaire (Schaefer et al., 2015), Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (Mendelson et al., 2001) and Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) (Garner et al., 1982). Results indicated that sociocultural influences (family, peers, and media) and body image dissatisfaction (BE-Appearance, BE-Weight) were positively correlated as well as predicted with eating problems in university students. Media, peer influence and BE-Attribution positively predicted eating problems, while BE-Appearance negatively predicted eating problems. Women showed significantly more eating problems than men. The study has implications for prevention and intervention with reference to media literacy programs, counseling and psych education.&#x0D;

Comparison of eating disorders symptoms and body image between individual and team sport adolescent athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundCOVID-19 has significantly disrupted the routines of school sports for adolescent athletes, which can affect their usual eating behaviors and body image. Specific pressures of individual sports (which tend to emphasize “leanness” as a means to improving performance), versus team sports (which tend to not require “leanness” for an athlete to be competitive), may further increase the risk of disordered eating (DE), eating disorders (ED), and distorted body image. An additional factor to consider is the gender of the athletes, with participation in “lean” sports associated with increased DE and body dissatisfaction for male, but not female, athletes.MethodsParticipants of the study included 124 Iranian male adolescent athletes residing in Mazandaran province (one of the most affected areas of Iran during COVID-19), who played in 1 of 6 sports (3 individual, 3 team). ED symptoms were assessed by the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), and body image was assessed by the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA).ResultsThe individual athlete group (n = 62) had significantly higher EAT-26 subscale scores for Bulimia and Food Preoccupation (p = 0.019), as well as significantly higher BESAA subscale scores for Appearance (p = 0.001), Weight (p = 0.001), and Attribution (p = 0.001), compared to the team athlete group (n = 62). However, there were no significant differences between the two athlete groups on the EAT-26 Dieting and Oral Control subscales.ConclusionsCOVID-19 presents specialized issues for adolescent athletes, particularly those at risk for, or experiencing, DE, ED, and distorted body image. While individual athletes had significantly higher scores than team athletes on most subscales, there were no differences between groups on subscales of dieting and oral control. Overall, the findings highlight the need for sport psychologists, coaches, and other sports professionals working with male adolescent athletes (individual and team) to monitor DE, ED, and distorted body image during COVID-19, in order to provide early intervention, and mitigate the risk of long-term consequences.Plain English SummaryCOVID-19 has significantly disrupted the routines of school sports for adolescent athletes, which can affect their usual eating behaviors and body image. Specific pressures of individual sports (which tend to emphasize “leanness” as a means to improving performance), versus team sports (which tend to not require “leanness” for an athlete to be competitive), may further increase the risk of disordered eating (DE), eating disorders (ED), and distorted body image. An additional factor to consider is the gender of the athletes, with participation in “lean” sports associated with increased DE and body dissatisfaction for male, but not female, athletes. Participants of the study included 124 Iranian male adolescent athletes in Mazandaran province (one of the most affected areas of Iran during COVID-19), who played in 1 of 6 sports (3 individual, 3 team). The individual athlete group (62 participants) had significantly higher scores on measures of ED (Bulimia, Food Preoccupation), and body image (Appearance, Weight, Attribution), versus the team athlete group (62 participants). However, there were no significant differences between groups on other measures of ED (Dieting, Oral Control). Findings highlight the need for sport professionals working with adolescent athletes to monitor DE and body image during COVID-19 for early intervention.

Predictor of muscle dysmorphia among members of fitness centers in Denpasar City, Bali, Indonesia

Background and purpose: Muscle dysmorphia is one of the most common forms of body dysmorphic disorder. It is part of the obsessive-compulsive disorders, wherein sufferers believe that the body is too small or not muscular enough. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of muscle dysmorphia among fitness center members. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at five fitness centers with 117 respondents. Several scales were applied including: 1) 4th edition Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale (SATAQ) to measure self-internalization, family, peer, and media pressures; 2) Physical Appearance Comparison Scale (PACS) to measure social comparison; 3) Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA) to measure respondents’ satisfaction with their bodies and 4) The Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) to measure muscle dysmorphia. Meanwhile, weight was measured with Kris EB9-4A Series digital scales, height with GEA microtoise and body fat percentage with a digital HBF-306 body fat monitor. Spearman’s Correlation test was performed for the bivariate analysis and multiple linear regression for the multivariate analysis. Results: The prevalence of muscle dysmorphia among fitness center members was 43.6% (95%CI=33.99:53.20) in the total sample based on MDDI cut-off score. Bivariate analysis shows that six variables including body fat percentage, total physical activity, thin/low body fat internalizations, muscular/athletic internalizations, peer pressure, media pressure associated with muscle dysmorphia. In the multivariate analysis, only four variables were significantly associated with muscle dysmorphia, namely: muscular/athletic internalization (β=0.369, 95%CI=0.296:0776, p&lt;0.001), media pressure (β=0.277, 95%CI=0.167:0.595, p&lt;0.001), body fat percentage (β=-0.262, 95%CI=-0.301:-0.067, p=0.002) and body dissatisfaction (β=-0.224, 95%CI=-0.245:- 0.050, p=0.003). Conclusion: The prevalence of muscle dysmorphia in Denpasar City is relatively high. Muscular/athletic internalization, media exposure, body fat percentage and body satisfaction are associated with increase chance of having muscle dysmorphia.

Body-Esteem, Self-Esteem and Loneliness among Social Media Young Users.

The use of social networking sites for socializing, having fun, solving academic tasks or even getting counselling for health-related problems is now inevitable. Methods: A total of 427 medical students, who are users of social media sites, were included in the research. Data about socio-demographic, anthropometric, and self-rated items regarding satisfaction with physical and mental health were collected. Three psychological tools were also used to measure self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), body-esteem (Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults) and loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale). Collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Students use these networks for socialization (49.0%), entertainment (31.1%) and academic tasks (19.9%), spending 3.38 ± 0.80 h per day on SNSs. Less than half of them (47.5%) compared themselves to other SNS profiles. The use of Snapchat was found to be strongly positively correlated with self-esteem, and weight status was negatively correlated with the use of TikTok. More than three-quarters declared that they exercised to lose weight or to prevent weight gain. Participants were found to have a high level of body esteem. Almost half of the students proved to have a moderate to a high level of loneliness. Age and gender were found to be important: the younger the user, the higher the scores for loneliness and feeling depressed, and the greater the number of hours on SNSs. The total score for self-esteem was significantly higher in men than in women, and male students appreciated themselves as being in a better state of mental health than women. Conclusions: The results prove a relationship between the use of SNSs and the presence of loneliness, self-esteem and body-esteem, with gender differences. However, the use of SNSs should not be neglected in clinical settings, and are a good means of reaching patients and providing medical and psychological intervention.

The Associations between Physical Activity and Body-Esteem in 15-Year-Old Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study from Finland

<strong>Purpose:</strong> Physical activity promotes a positive physical self-image, but less is known about whether the positive effect covers the general self-evaluation of adolescent appearance. This study aimed to further explore the associations between physical activity and body-esteem in Finnish adolescents, via a country-representative cross-sectional study design. <strong>Methods:</strong> The data for the study were drawn from the Finnish component of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study (2014), using surveys from 15-year-old adolescents (n=1956, mean age 15.8 years) from 122 schools. Self-evaluations of body or appearance were measured by the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA). A mixed effects linear regression analysis for body-esteem was conducted separately for boys and girls. The explanatory variables were (i) self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), (ii) weight status, (iii) self-esteem, and (iv) socioeconomic status. The covariates used in the models were maturation state and ethnic background. <strong>Results:</strong> The body-esteem score was highest among adolescents who reported engagement in MVPA corresponding to the international recommendation for adolescents’ physical activity. The positive association between MVPA and body-esteem was found even when it was considered in conjunction with other body image-related factors, but only among boys. The variance in MVPA explained 5.0% of the body-esteem variance in the model for boys (Model R² = 26.3%). <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The physical activity of young people should be further promoted for a variety of health reasons, including its positive association with higher body-esteem. However, consideration should be given to gender differences and other factors related in this complex association.

Factors Associated With Psychological Adjustment in Adults With Cleft Lip and/or Palate: Findings From a National Survey in the United Kingdom.

Research has identified adults born with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) to be at risk of poorer psychological outcomes compared to the general population. This study investigated factors that may contribute to positive and negative adjustment in adults born with CL/P. A survey was designed and distributed by the Cleft Lip and Palate Association in collaboration with the Centre for Appearance Research CAR at the University of the West of England (UWE). There were 207 eligible responses (95% completed online) received between July and October 2018. Dependent variables included the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults, Harter's Self Perception Profile for Adults (Global Self-Worth, Social Competence, and Intimacy subscales), the Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale, and the Revised Adult Attachment Scale. Independent variables were the Revised Life Orientation Test, biodemographic data, and self-reported single-item questions. Factors associated with positive adjustment included reports of a happy childhood, talking about CL/P with family, close friendships, comfort in public spaces, satisfaction with appearance, and a positive life orientation. Psychological distress was associated with a desire for further surgery to improve appearance and/or function. Several factors were identified that may influence psychological adjustment in adults with CL/P. Throughout childhood, family-centered practice to support family cohesion and an open dialogue about CL/P is indicated, as is support for young people to develop social confidence. For adults returning to the cleft service, treatment options for appearance and/or functional concerns should be explored, with access to psychological support when indicated. Interventions to increase optimism, resilience, and self-acceptance may also be warranted throughout the life span.

Young People Who Sext: The Role of Self-Esteem and Body-Esteem

Objective − The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between sexting, self-esteem and body-esteem. Subjects and Methods − A total of 707 subjects participated in this study of which 138 were male and 551 female students from Bosnia and Herzegovina (N=395), and the Republic of Croatia (N=294). They completed a modified version of the Sexting Behaviours Scale, the State Self-Esteem Scale and the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults. Results – The results show that young men engage in sexting behaviour more often than girls, and that the exchange of sexually explicit content is most frequent between intimate partners. Persons who engage in sexting behaviour achieved lower results on the Self-Esteem Scale and higher results on the sub-scale of Body-Esteem Attribution. The results of binary logistic regression analysis show that sex is a significant pre­dictor of receiving and/or forwarding semi-nude and/or nude photographs and video recordings. The relationship status was a significant predictor of receiving semi-nude and/or nude photographs and sending semi-nude and/or nude photographs and video recordings. Self-esteem was shown to be a significant predictor of sending semi-nude or nude photographs, whilst body-esteem attribution was shown to be a significant predictor of all forms of sexting behaviour. Conclusion − The obtained results indicate that preventive intervention aimed at strengthening a positive self-image could reduce the frequency of sexting amongst students.