Body Composition In Obese Adolescents Research Articles

Effects of Continuous Yoga on Body Composition in Obese Adolescents.

Overweight/obesity is a pressing international health concern, and conventional treatments demonstrate poor long-term efficacy. Several studies have shown that yoga can control risk factors for cardiovascular disease, obesity, and psychosocial stress. The present study aimed to assess the effect of continuous yoga (asanas, pranayama, and Surya Namaskar yoga) on body composition in overweight participants. Forty adolescents with obesity were enrolled in this study. The study was conceived as a prospective, single-center, single-blinded randomized controlled trial. The participants were divided into 2 groups: the intervention group (n = 20), which undertook a continuous yoga practice, and the control group (n = 20). Body composition, including body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), and muscle mass, was evaluated using tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance (BIA). Our results showed that the mean BMI and BFM of the yoga intervention group were significantly decreased at week 8 and week 12. The muscle mass of the yoga group continued to improve at a rate of 0.515 per week, which was statistically significant. In conclusion, a continuous yoga practice had a tendency to decrease BMI and BFM and increase muscle mass. These findings demonstrate intervention effectiveness similar to that observed in other clinical research and indicate that continuous yoga practice may be used as an alternative therapy for obesity prevention and health promotion in adolescents with obesity.

The effect and safety of high-intensity interval training in the treatment of adolescent obesity: a meta-analysis.

It's necessary to conduct meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the effect and safety of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on obese adolescents, to provide a basis for the management of obesity in adolescents. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the role of HIIT in the obese adolescents were searched from PubMed databases and so on up to Jan 15, 2021. Two researchers independently performed literature screening, literature quality evaluation and data extraction according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Revman 5.3 Software and Stata 12.2 Software were used for data analysis. A total of 11 RCTs with 488 obese adolescents were included. Meta-analysis indicated that HIIT can effectively reduce the body weight (MD =-1.73 kg, 95% CI: -3.25 to -0.21, P=0.02), BMI (MD =-1.42 kg/m2, 95% CI: -1.97 to -0.87, P<0.001), body fat percentage (MD =-1.70%, 95% CI: -2.94 to -0.45, P=0.007) and waist circumference (MD =-1.80 cm, 95% CI: -3.5 to -0.10, P=0.04). The "high-intensity short-interval" HIIT program can significantly reduce waist circumference (MD =-2.31 cm, 95% CI: -4.20 to -0.42, P=0.022), the "high-intensity long-interval" HIIT program is more beneficial to reduce the BMI (MD =-1.44 kg/m2, 95% CI: -2.03 to -0.84, P=0.001) and body fat percentage (MD =-0.56, 95% CI: -1.08 to -0.05, P=0.009). HIIT can effectively improve the body composition of obese adolescents and produce an effective fat-reducing effect, which should be promoted for the clinical treatment of adolescent obesity.

AEROBIC TRAINING IN OBESE ADOLESCENTS: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH

ABSTRACT Introduction: The prevalence of excess weight/obesity in adolescence has increased, and physical training may be effective in combating this scenario. Objective: To analyze the effect of different intensities of aerobic training on the body composition of obese adolescents undergoing multidisciplinary intervention. Methods: In this study, 107 pubertal (Tanner 3 and 4), obese (BMI=34.72±4.10 kg/m²) adolescents (14.85±1.44 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: high intensity training (HITG – ventilatory threshold I (VTI)); low intensity training (LITG – 20% below the VTI) and control group (CG), without intervention. The adolescents in the HITG and LITG underwent nutritional and psychological (1x/week) and clinical (1 x/month) follow-up and physical training (3x/week) for 12 weeks. Results: Reductions in fat mass (FM) and body fat percentage (BFP) (p&lt; 0.001) and an increase in fat-free mass (FFM) (p&lt;0.001) were observed in all groups. There was a reduction in BMI only in the experimental groups (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: The effects of multidisciplinary treatment on the body composition of obese adolescents occur independently of the intensity of aerobic physical training. Level of Evidence I; High quality randomized clinical studies with or without statistically significant difference, but with narrow confidence intervals.

Relationship between adiponectin and leptin on osteocalcin in obese adolescents during weight loss therapy.

Obesity is a multifactorial disease characterized by the presence of the pro-inflammatory state associated with the development of many comorbidities, including bone turnover marker alterations. This study aimed to investigate the role of the inflammatory state on bone turnover markers in obese adolescents undergoing interdisciplinary weight loss treatment for one year. Thirty four post-pubescent obese adolescents with primary obesity, a body mass index (BMI) greater than > 95th percentile of the CDC reference growth charts, participated in the present investigation. Measurements of body composition, bone turnover markers, inflammatory biomarkers and visceral and subcutaneous fat were taken. Adolescents were submitted to one year of interdisciplinary treatment (clinical approach, physical exercise, physiotherapy intervention, nutritional and psychological counseling). Reduction in body mass, body fat mass, visceral and subcutaneous fat, as well as, an increase in the body lean mass and bone mineral content was observed. An improvement in inflammatory markers was seen with an increase in adiponectin, adiponectin/leptin ratio and inteleukin-15. Moreover, a positive correlation between the adiponectin/leptin ratio and osteocalcin was demonstrated. Further, both lean and body fat mass were predictors of osteocalcin. Negative associations between leptin with osteocalcin, adiponectin with Beta CTX-collagen, and visceral fat with adiponectin were observed. It is possible to conclude that the inflammatory state can negatively influence the bone turnover markers in obese adolescents. In addition, the interdisciplinary weight loss treatment improved the inflammatory state and body composition in obese adolescents. Therefore, the present findings should be considered in clinical practice.

Body composition of obese adolescents: association between adiposity indicators and cardiometabolic risk factors.

The association between obesity during adolescence and the increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases indicates the need to identify reproducible and cost effective methods for identifying individuals who are at increased risk of developing diseases. The present cross-sectional study investigated the occurrence of metabolic consequences of obesity in adolescents and the use of adiposity indicators as predictors of cardiometabolic risk. A fasting blood sample was taken in 93 pubertal obese adolescents aged 13-18 years old (39 males, 54 females) for the assessment of cardiometabolic risk markers (glucose, lipid profiles, insulin resistence, and inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers). Together with anthropometry, total fat mass and lean mass were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The prevalence of dyslipidaemia and disorders in glucose metabolism are noticeably higher in the present study. There was no correlation between the percentage of body fat according to DXA and most indicators of adiposity. For boys, the arm circumference values predicted the increase in fasting insulin (r² = 0.200), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r² = 0.267) and cardiometabolic risk score (r² = 0.338). The percentage of body fat according to DXA predicted the inflammation score (r² = 0.172). For girls, body mass index was the parameter that best described the variability of fasting insulin (r² = 0.079) and inflammation score (r² = 0.263). The waist-to-stature ratio was able to predict the triglyceride values (r² = 0.090). Anthropometric measures of adiposity, such a body mass index, waist-to-stature ratio, arm circumference and waist circumference,should be considered in the clinical evaluation of obese adolescents.

Bioelectrical impedance is an accurate method to assess body composition in obese but not severely obese adolescents

The aim of this study was to compare total and segmental body composition results between bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan and to test the reproducibility of BIA in obese adolescents. We hypothesized that BIA offers an accurate and reproducible method to assess body composition in adolescents with obesity. Whole-body and segmental body compositions were assessed by BIA (Tanita MC-780) and DXA (Hologic) among 138 (110 girls and 28 boys) obese adolescents (Tanner stage 3-5) aged 14±1.5years. The BIA analysis was replicated on 3 identical occasions in 32 participants to test the reproducibility of the methods. Whole-body fat mass percentage was significantly higher using the BIA method compared with DXA (40.6±7.8 vs 38.8±4.9%, P<.001), which represents a 4.8% overestimation of the BIA technique compared with DXA. Similarly, fat mass expressed in kilograms is overestimated by 2.8% using BIA (35.8±11.7kg) compared with the DXA measure (34.3±8.7kg) (P<.001), and fat-free mass is underestimated by −6.1% using BIA (P<.001). Except for the right arm and leg percentage of fat mass, all the segmental measures of body composition are significantly different between the 2 methods. Intraclass correlation coefficient and Lin coefficient showed great agreement and concordance between both methods in assessing whole-body composition. Intraclass correlation coefficient between the 3 BIA measures ranged from 0.99 to 1 for body weight, body fat, and fat-free mass. Bioimpedance analysis offers an acceptable and reproducible alternative to assess body composition in obese adolescents, with however a loss of correlation between BIA and DXA with increasing body fat; its validity remains uncertain for segmental analysis among obese youth.

Resistance training improves metainflammation and body composition in obese adolescents

Adolescent obesity is associated with inflammation, insulin resistance and prediabetes. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether resistance training (RT) improves the adipokine profile, body composition and insulin sensitivity of obese adolescents. Fourteen obese adolescents (16.1+1.6 y; M:F 6:8; body mass index (BMI) SDS 2.01 + 0.31) were recruited for a 16-week RT intervention. Thirty-one lean youth (15.6+1.3 y; M:F 19:12; BMI SDS -0.03+0.07) had baseline anthropometric measurements and blood tests for comparison. Participants completed 3 RT sessions per week with training load progressively increased from 60% to 85% of one repetition maximum (1-RM). The following parameters were examined pre- and post-intervention: 1) Height, weight, BMI; 2) High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and adipokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1, leptin and resistin; 3) Body composition by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and 4) Insulin sensitivity by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). Obese youth had significantly higher IL-1β, leptin and resistin (all p<0.0001) and lower adiponectin and sICAM-1 (both p<0.0001) at baseline compared with lean youth. Post-intervention, a reduction in IL-6 (p<0.01), IL-1β (p<0.01) and resistin (p <0.001) was observed whereas adiponectin and sICAM-1 increased (p<0.05, p<0.001 respectively) in obese adolescents. HOMA and hs-CRP remained unchanged. IL-1 β and sICAM-1 levels in obese youth normalised to levels comparable to lean youth post-intervention (p = 0.1 and p=0.2), whereas TNF-α and resistin were significantly lower (p<0.05, p<0.01 respectively) post-intervention in the obese youth. Percent fat for the trunk, arm and total body (p<0.05) were reduced, while fat free mass (p<0.01) was increased after the intervention. RT is a feasible intervention to improve the adipokine profile and body composition of obese adolescents suggesting it may be a feasible intervention for improving metabolic health in obese youth at high risk of Type 2 Diabetes.

Resistance training improves metainflammation and body composition in obese adolescents

Background: Adolescent obesity is associated with inflammation, insulin resistance and prediabetes. Resistance training (RT) may have anti-inflammatory effects and decrease the risk of Type 2 diabetes. Objective: To investigate whether resistance training (RT) improves the adipokine profile, body composition and insulin sensitivity of obese adolescents. Methodology: Fourteen obese adolescents (16.1+1.6 y; M:F 6:8; body mass index (BMI) SDS 2.01 + 0.31) were recruited for a 16-week RT intervention. Thirty-one lean youth (15.6+1.3 y; M:F 19:12; BMI SDS -0.03+0.07) had baseline anthropometric measurements and blood tests for comparison. Participants completed 3 RT sessions per week with training load progressively increased from 60% to 85% of one repetition maximum (1-RM). The following parameters were examined pre- and post-intervention: 1) Height, weight, BMI; 2) High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and adipokines including interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), adiponectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1, leptin and resistin; 3) Body composition by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and 4) Insulin sensitivity by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). Results: Obese youth had significantly higher IL-1b, leptin and resistin (all p<0.0001) and lower adiponectin and sICAM-1 (both p<0.0001) at baseline compared with lean youth. Post-intervention, a reduction in IL-6 (p<0.01), IL-1b (p<0.01) and resistin (p <0.001) was observed whereas adiponectin and sICAM-1 increased (p<0.05, p<0.001 respectively) in obese adolescents. HOMA and hs-CRP remained unchanged. IL-1b and sICAM-1 levels in obese youth normalised to levels comparable to lean youth post-intervention (p = 0.1 and p=0.2), whereas TNF- a and resistin were significantly lower (p<0.05, p<0.01 respectively) post-intervention in the obese youth. Percent fat for the trunk, arm and total body (p<0.05) were reduced, while fat free mass (p<0.01) was increased after the intervention. Conclusions: RT is a feasible intervention to improve the adipokine profile and body composition of obese adolescents suggesting it may be a feasible intervention for improving metabolic health in obese youth at high risk of type 2 diabetes.

Bioelectrical impedance measurement of body composition in obese adolescents

Background: A stand-on bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) system is a safe, non-invasive, relatively inexpensive method of measuring body composition. However, little is known about how the body composition parameters measured by BIA relate to those determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in an obese, adolescent population. Objectives: To compare body composition measures from the Tanita stand-on BIA (MC-180MA), determined by (a) in-built equations and (b) published and derived equations using raw data (resistance (R) and reactance (Xc)), with body composition parameters measured by DXA in obese adolescents. Methods: 66 obese adolescents (age: 10—18 y, BMI: 22—48 kg/m2) had body composition measured by both BIA (Tanita MC-180MA) and DXA (Lunar Prodigy). Raw data obtained from the BIA, R and Xc at frequencies of 5, 50, 250 and 500 kHz, were used in published bioimpedance spectroscopy [1] and BIA equations [2]. Raw data was also used to generate a new prediction equation for FFM using a double cross-validation method. Results: Compared to DXA, the BIA in-built equations overestimated fat-free mass (FFM) by 4.3 kg [95% limits of agreement −13.9 to 5.3] and underestimated % body fat (%BF) by 10.8% [−11.1 to 35.3]. There were no significant differences in the estimates of body composition parameters determined by published/derived equations using raw data and DXA; the mean differences in FFM and %BF were 0.4—0.9 kg and 0.5—0.8%, respectively. However, similar to the BIA in-built equations, all estimates had wide limits of agreement of approximately ±7 kg for FFM and ±10% for %BF. Conclusion: The Tanita BIA (MC-180MA) in-built equations cannot be recommended as a measure of body composition in obese adolescents. However, equations using the raw data can be used to measure body composition in groups, but there is the potential for significant error if used for an individual.

Efeitos de diferentes intensidades de treinamento aeróbio sobre a composição corporal em adolescentes obesos

This randomized clinical trial aimed to verify the effects of different aerobic training intensities on body composition in obese adolescents submitted to a 12-week multidisciplinary intervention. Participants were 42 obese and pubscent adolescents (BMI = 34.48 ± 3.88 kg/m2; aged 13-17 years). The adolescents were randomized into two experimental groups: high intensity training (HIT) (n=20) – corresponding to the ventilatory threshold I (LVI); and low intensity training (LIT) (n=22) – 20% below LVI. Exercise sessions were isocaloric (350 kcal). All participants received nutritional, psychological and clinical follow-up. Body mass (kg), height (cm) and skinfold thickness (mm) were measured. Body fat (%) was estimated using the Slaughter equation, followed by the calculation of lean mass and fat mass. After the 12-week intervention, we observed a decrease in body weight, BMI and body fat in both groups (p&lt;0.001), as well as an increase in lean body mass of the adolescents (p &lt;0.001). In this study, the multidisciplinary intervention was effective to modulate body composition and adiposity among obese adolescents. However, the results seem to be independent of aerobic training intensities.

Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents

Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents

Body Composition Estimatives by Anthropometry, Bioelectrical Impedance and Deuterium Oxide Dilution in Obese Adolescents

To evaluate the relationship between measures of body composition in obese adolescents by the methods of bioelectrical impedance analysis, deuterium oxide dilution and anthropometric measures, proposing an equation. The variables were weight, height, BMI, triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness, waist and arm muscle circumference, lean body mass, fat mass and total body water by bioelectrical impedance and deuterium oxide dilution methods. The study included 40 obese adolescents, 45% male, age distribution was 2.42 ± 1.19 years and females 55%, and the predominant age was 12.61 ± 1.78. Linear regression equations were developed, capable of predicting body composition from information supplied by the method of deuterium oxide dilution (gold standard), bioelectrical impedance and anthropometry. The variables gender, age, height, arm circumference, triceps and suprailiac skin fold thickness, resistance and reactance were used to estimate lean body mass, fat mass and total body water by the method of deuterium and significantly correlated with variables, resistance, reactance, sex and total body water (TBW) by bioimpedance method. Among the equations developed, five were suitable for this sample, therefore, it is suggested that more studies should be done to test the applicability of the equations in other samples so that we can validate the equations encountered in obese adolescents.

Body Composition in Obese Adolescents: Deuterium Oxide Dilution Method, Bioelectrical Impedance and Predictive Equations

Background & Aims: Considering that obese adolescents present alterations in the quantity of body water, fat and lean body mass, specific formulae need to be adjusted through a reference method. This study aimed to describe and compare the body composition data obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and the deuterium oxide dilution method (DODM). To identify possible correlations and agreement between these two techniques and adjust linear regression models for the prediction of DODM values on the basis of BIA results. Methods: Anthropometric measurements were accomplished for obese adolescents, and their body composition was assessed by the BIA and DODM techniques. Results: Compared to the DODM technique, BIA overestimated the fat-free mass (FFM) and the total body water (TBW) and underestimated the fat mass (FM). There was a significant positive correlation but no agreement between the FFM (kg), FM (kg), and TBW (L) data achieved via DODM and BIA. The application of linear regression model adjustments to the values measured by BIA enabled prediction of the DODM values for body composition in obese adolescents. Conclusion: These formulas have been demonstrated to improve the agreement between the two methods, so a more accurate tool that is closer to the DODM reference technique has been made available for use in clinical practice. Keywords: Adolescents, bioelectrical impedance, body composition, deuterium oxide dilution method, obesity, clinical practice, body mass index, fat-free mass, total body water, fat mass

Resistance Weight Training Affects Body Composition in Obese Adolescents: A Pilot Study

Resistance Weight Training Affects Body Composition in Obese Adolescents: A Pilot Study

Impact of training and hypocaloric diet on fat oxidation and body composition in obese adolescents

Objective We undertook to evaluate the effects of training and hypocaloric diet on fat oxidation and weight loss in obese adolescents within a two-month program. Methods The longitudinal intervention of a two-month program was performed in 54 adolescents, whose body mass index was 30.3 ± 4.0 kg/m 2. They were divided into three groups: hypocaloric diet program (D), individualized training program at the level of maximal lipid oxidation Lipox max (T) and hypocaloric diet combined with training program (D + T). The body composition, the substrate “crossover” point and the Lipox max point were determined before and after each protocol. Results The decreases in body weight and fat mass were more significant in the D + T group ( p < 0.01) than in the D ( p < 0.05) or T ( p = 0.07) groups. In the D + T group, the crossover point was observed at a higher intensity at the end of the program (+ 19.7% ± 2.4 of W max; p < 0.001), and the fat oxidation at Lipox max has increased by 83.2 ± 15.3 mg/min ( p < 0.01). A significant correlation between Lipox max and weight was also observed after the program in D + T subject.

The Effect of Sibutramine on Energy Expenditure and Body Composition in Obese Adolescents

Childhood obesity is now considered to be an epidemic. Drug therapy in this age group remains a topic of research. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of treatment with sibutramine (10 mg) on body composition and energy expenditure in obese adolescents. The study was conducted as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The study was set in an obesity research center. The patients were 24 obese adolescents (age 12-17 yr, 11 boys); four patients withdrew. Intervention was sibutramine (Meridia) or placebo in combination with an energy-restricted diet and exercise plan for 12 wk, followed by an identical, but medication-free, treatment period (follow-up). Change in body mass index (BMI) sd score (BMI-SDS) was the principal measure of efficacy. Body composition and total energy expenditure were measured by stable isotopes and further calculated according to the four-component model, using underwater weighing and dual x-ray absorptiometry. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was measured by ventilated hood and adjusted for sex and body composition (BMRadj). After intervention, the decrease in BMI-SDS was comparable in both groups. During follow-up, BMI further decreased in the placebo group but stabilized in the sibutramine group. Changes in the percentage of fat mass were not different between both groups. BMRadj decreased in the placebo group and remained constant in the sibutramine group. During follow-up, BMRadj decreased in the sibutramine group and increased in the placebo group. Changes in total energy expenditure were not significantly different. The effect of sibutramine on BMI-SDS was not significant. Sibutramine may diminish the decrease in BMRadj associated with energy restriction in obese adolescents.

Effect of Orlistat on Weight and Body Composition in Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Effect of Orlistat on Weight and Body Composition in Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Effect of Orlistat on Weight and Body Composition in Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Effect of Orlistat on Weight and Body Composition in Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Effect of Orlistat on Weight and Body Composition in Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial—Correction

Effect of Orlistat on Weight and Body Composition in Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial—Correction

Effect of Orlistat on Weight and Body Composition in Obese Adolescents. A Randomized Controlled Trial

The objective was to determine whether treatments with demonstrated efficacy for binge eating disorder (BED) in specialist treatment centers can be delivered effectively in primary care settings to racially/ethnically diverse obese patients with BED. This study compared the effectiveness of self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy (shCBT) and an anti-obesity medication (sibutramine), alone and in combination, and it is only the second placebo-controlled trial of any medication for BED to evaluate longer-term effects after treatment discontinuation. 104 obese patients with BED (73% female, 55% non-white) were randomly assigned to one of four 16-week treatments (balanced 2-by-2 factorial design): sibutramine (N = 26), placebo (N = 27), shCBT + sibutramine (N = 26), or shCBT + placebo (N = 25). Medications were administered in double-blind fashion. Independent assessments were performed monthly throughout treatment, post-treatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups (16 months after randomization). Mixed-models analyses revealed significant time and medication-by-time interaction effects for percent weight loss, with sibutramine but not placebo associated with significant change over time. Percent weight loss differed significantly between sibutramine and placebo by the third month of treatment and at post-treatment. After the medication was discontinued at post-treatment, weight re-gain occurred in sibutramine groups and percent weight loss no longer differed among the four treatments at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. For binge-eating, mixed-models revealed significant time and shCBT-by-time interaction effects: shCBT had significantly lower binge-eating frequency at 6-month follow-up but the treatments did not differ significantly at any other time point. Demographic factors did not significantly predict or moderate clinical outcomes. Our findings suggest that pure self-help CBT and sibutramine did not show long-term effectiveness relative to placebo for treating BED in racially/ethnically diverse obese patients in primary care. Overall, the treatments differed little with respect to binge-eating and associated outcomes. Sibutramine was associated with significantly greater acute weight loss than placebo and the observed weight-regain following discontinuation of medication suggests that anti-obesity medications need to be continued for weight loss maintenance. Demographic factors did not predict/moderate clinical outcomes in this diverse patient group.