Body Composition In Obese Individuals Research Articles

Day III: Saturday, March 25, 2023; 11.15 am Plumeria 1 (Exhibition Hall): Poster Presentation Display time: Day II, March 24, 2023 2.00 pm – Day III, March 25, 2023 1.00 pm: AB No: 68 Effect of Low Frequency Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Body Composition in Obese Individuals: A Single Group Experimental Study

Day III: Saturday, March 25, 2023; 11.15 am Plumeria 1 (Exhibition Hall): Poster Presentation Display time: Day II, March 24, 2023 2.00 pm – Day III, March 25, 2023 1.00 pm: AB No: 68 Effect of Low Frequency Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Body Composition in Obese Individuals: A Single Group Experimental Study

Relationship of atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation predictors with body composition in obese individuals

Relationship of atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation predictors with body composition in obese individuals

The Immediate Effect of Steam Bath and Sauna Bath on Heart Rate Variability and Body Composition in Obese Individuals: A Comparative Study

Aim: The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the immediate effects of steam bath and sauna bath on body composition and Heart Rate Variabilities in individuals with obesity.
 Study Design: Prospective randomised comparative trial.
 Materials and Methods: Participants visiting Shantivana Nature cure hospital with age ranging from 18 to 32, without any comorbidities and Body Mass Index (BMI) more than 31 kg/m2 were appraised about the study protocol and after getting informed consent were divided into Steam bath group (n = 50) and Sauna bath group (n = 50) and were administered one sitting of Steam bath and sauna bath for 15 minutes. The Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Body Fat Analyser data was recorded before and after one sitting of treatment. The data was analysed using JASP (version 0.14.1.0) software and parametric and non-parametric tests were employed based on the normal distribution. 
 Results: Marked changes were observed in BMI (p= 0.022), Total Body Water (TBW; p<0.0001), Heart Rate (HR; p= 0.002), RR Interval (p< 0.001), NN50 (p=0.013), pNN50 (p=0.0001), variables in the Steam bath group after comparing with the baseline. In the Sauna bath group significant changes (in %) were seen in Body weight (BW; p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), Free-Fat Mass (FFM; p= 0.004), Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR; p< 0.001), Systolic Blood Pressure SBP; p= 0.008), HR (p<0.001), Mean RR (p<0.0001), RMSSD (p=0.005), pNN50 (p<0.0001), Very low frequency (VLF; p<0.0001), Low Frequency (LF; p<0.001), High Frequency (HF; p<0.001), LF/HF (p<0.001). When comparing steam bath with sauna bath group, the variables Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP; p=0.002), HR (p= 0.021), RMSSD (p<0.001), RMSSD (p<0.001), NN50 (p<0.001), pNN50 (p<0.001), VLF (p<0.001) showed significant changes.
 Conclusion: The present study concludes that single dose of steam bath and sauna bath reduces the body weight by acting on the total body water percentage, reduces diastolic blood pressure, and causes vagal dominance. Sauna bath also increases basal metabolic rate which further helps in improving metabolism in the body and further helps in reducing body weight.

Validity of multi-frequency bioelectric impedance methods to measure body composition in obese patients: a systematic review.

Excessive lean tissue loss following bariatric surgery may pose serious metabolic consequences. Accurate methods to assess body composition following bariatric surgery are required. This review aimed to investigate if multi-frequency bioelectric impedance (MF-BI) is a valid tool to determine body composition in obese patients. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and CENTRAL databases were searched until March 2017. Included studies were published in English with obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) adults measuring body composition with MF-BI methods in comparison with reference methods. Exclusions were pregnancy, animal studies, non-English language studies, single frequency BI. A total of 6395 studies were retrieved. Sixteen studies were eligible for inclusion. Sample sizes ranged from 15 to 157, with BMI 26-48 kg/m2. MF-BI underestimated fat mass (FM) in 11 studies and overestimated fat-free mass (FFM) in nine studies in comparison with reference methods. Correlations of absolute values from MF-BI and reference methods for FM and FFM were high, however, agreement was lower at an individual level. When adjustments for BMI were made to machine algorithms, measurement accuracy improved. Significant heterogeneity was evident among included studies. This review found that MF-BI is reliable for use at a group level. Obese-specific adjustment of algorithms for MF-BI machines increases the accuracy of absolute measures of body composition in obese individuals, improving their utility in the clinical setting. Multiple variables contributed a lack of consistency among studies included, highlighting the need for more robust studies that control confounding variables to establish clear validity assessment.

Métodos de análise da composição corporal em adultos obesos

Os métodos de avaliação da composição corporal em obesos têm sido amplamente discutidos, uma vez que nesses indivíduos a avaliação é dificultada devido às limitações dos equipamentos e características dos métodos utilizados. Esta sessão temática tem o objetivo de esclarecer as características, vantagens e limitações dos métodos de avaliação da composição corporal em adultos obesos. A quantificação de gordura corporal e mas-sa livre de gordura, assim como a avaliação da perda de massa muscular e de massa óssea em obesos são temas de grande interesse científico, uma vez que são utilizados para diagnosticar a obesidade osteosarcopênica. A avaliação da composição corporal de obesos pelo modelo de múltiplos compartimentos é padrão-ouro na prática científica. Por outro lado, o método de absorciometria radiológica de feixe duplo é considerado o padrão de referência em pesquisas e na prática clínica. Estudos indicam que a ressonância magnética e a tomografia computadorizada, em alguns casos, são fortemente correlacionadas com a absorciometria radiológica de feixe duplo. Os demais métodos apresentam limitações em avaliar a composição corporal, bem como suas modificações durante a redução ponderal em indivíduos obesos.

Effective Diet and Exercise Interventions to Improve Body Composition in Obese Individuals

Because higher body fat and lower lean mass is associated with excess morbidity and mortality, health care teams need specific science-based recommendations to advise clients on lifestyle approaches to alter body composition. Combining exercise with modest energy restriction is recommended to cause up to 20% more weight and fat loss, improved function, and reduced lean mass loss than modification of diet alone. The optimal diet for developing a leaner body composition is one that is modestly reduced in energy and contains lower fat and higher protein than average. Aerobic exercise alone may cause minimal change in body weight (1%-3%) and fat if greater than 250 min/wk. Higher intensity or duration of exercise can cause more substantial fat loss but may have poor long-term compliance. Resistance exercise boosts lean body mass and improves some health indicators but generally does not cause fat loss. In summary, consumption of a low-fat (20%-25% of energy), moderately high-protein (>1.2 g/kg and up to 20%-25% of energy) diet with modestly reduced energy (500-1000 kcal/d) combined with aerobic (3-5 d/wk, at least 250 min/wk) and resistance exercise (2 d/wk) can improve body composition to reduce clinically relevant risks associated with obesity.

Improved nutritional status and bone health after diet-induced weight loss in sedentary osteoarthritis patients: a prospective cohort study

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Obese subjects are commonly deficient in several micronutrients. Weight loss, although beneficial, may also lead to adverse changes in micronutrient status and body composition. The objective of the study is to assess changes in micronutrient status and body composition in obese individuals after a dietary weight loss program.SUBJECTS/METHODS:As part of a dietary weight loss trial, enrolling 192 obese patients (body mass index >30 kg/m2) with knee osteoarthritis (>50 years of age), vitamin D, ferritin, vitamin B12 and body composition were measured at baseline and after 16 weeks. All followed an 8-week formula weight-loss diet 415–810 kcal per day, followed by 8 weeks on a hypo-energetic 1200 kcal per day diet with a combination of normal food and formula products. Statistical analyses were based on paired samples in the completer population.RESULTS:A total of 175 patients (142 women), 91%, completed the 16-week program and had a body weight loss of 14.0 kg (95% confidence interval: 13.3–14.7; P<0.0001), consisting of 1.8 kg (1.3–2.3; P<0.0001) lean body mass (LBM) and 11.0 kg (10.4–11.6; P<0.0001) fat mass. Bone mineral content (BMC) did not change (-13.5 g; P=0.18), whereas bone mineral density (BMD) increased by 0.004 g/cm2 (0.001–0.008 g/cm2; P=0.025). Plasma vitamin D and B12 increased by 15.3 nmol/l (13.2–17.3; P<0.0001) and 43.7 pmol/l (32.1–55.4; P<0.0001), respectively. There was no change in plasma ferritin.CONCLUSIONS:This intensive program with formula diet resulted in increased BMD and improved vitamin D and B12 levels. Ferritin and BMC were unchanged and loss of LBM was only 13% of the total weight loss. This observational evidence supports use of formula diet-induced weight loss therapy in obese osteoarthritis patients.

Effect of cocoa flavanols and exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese subjects

Impaired endothelial function in obesity may reduce blood flow to sites of metabolism, contributing to impaired fat oxidation and insulin resistance. This study investigated the effects of cocoa flavanols and regular exercise, interventions known to improve endothelial function, on cardiometabolic function and body composition in obese individuals. Overweight and obese adults were randomly assigned to high-flavanol cocoa (HF, 902 mg flavanols), HF and exercise, low-flavanol cocoa (LF, 36 mg flavanols), or LF and exercise for 12 weeks (exercise duration was 3 x 45 min per week at 75% of age-predicted maximum heart rate). Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 0 and 12 weeks. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), supine blood pressure (BP) and fasting plasma insulin, and glucose levels were assessed at 0, 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. Insulin sensitivity/resistance was determined using the modified homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2). A total of 49 subjects (M=18; F=31) completed the intervention. Baseline averages were as follows: body mass index=33.5 kg/m(2); BP=123/76 mm Hg; HOMA2=2.4; FMD=4.3%; rate of fat oxidation during exercise=0.34 g min(-1); abdominal fat=45.7% of total abdominal mass. Compared to LF, HF increased FMD acutely (2 h post-dose) by 2.4% (P<0.01) and chronically (over 12 weeks; P<0.01) by 1.6% and reduced insulin resistance by 0.31% (P<0.05), diastolic BP by 1.6 mm Hg and mean arterial BP by 1.2 mm Hg (P<0.05), independent of exercise. Regular exercise increased fat oxidation during exercise by 0.10 g min(-1) (P<0.01) and reduced abdominal fat by 0.92% (P<0.05). Although HF consumption was shown to improve endothelial function, it did not enhance the effects of exercise on body fat and fat metabolism in obese subjects. However, it may be useful for reducing cardiometabolic risk factors in this population.

Measuring body composition in overweight individuals by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry

BackgroundDual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used for body composition measurements in normal-weight and overweight/obese individuals. The limitations of bone densitometers have been frequently addressed. However, the possible errors in assessing body composition in overweight individuals due to incorrect positioning or limitations of DXA to accurately assess both bone mineral density and body composition in obese individuals have not received much attention and are the focus of this report.DiscussionWe discuss proper ways of measuring overweight individuals and point to some studies where that might not have been the case. It appears that currently, the most prudent approach to assess body composition of large individuals who cannot fit under the scanning area would be to estimate regional fat, namely the regions of thigh and/or abdomen. Additionally, using two-half body scans, although time consuming, may provide a relatively accurate measurement of total body fat, however, more studies using this technique are needed to validate it.SummaryResearchers using bone densitometers for body composition measurements need to have an understanding of its limitations in overweight individuals and address them appropriately when interpreting their results. Studies on accuracy and precision in measurements of both bone and soft tissue composition in overweight individuals using available densitometers are needed.