Body Of Work Research Articles

Model of occupational exposure of workers performing inspection of welded joints

A model of occupational exposure to gamma flaw detector operators working with portable flaw detectors in the field has been developed. The initial data for the development and verification of the model were the results of measurements of the characteristics of the gamma radiation field at the workplaces of flaw detectors and data from individual dosimetric monitoring. The relationships between the measured (H*(10), Hp(10)) and protection (effective dose) quantities (conversion coefficients) were determined using calculations and phantom experiments simulating three main operations of the full production cycle: transportation of the flaw detector to the place of X-raying of the product, installation of a flaw detector to perform x-raying and X-raying of the product. As a result of the study, it was found that more than 90% of the dose contribution to the readings of an individual dosimeter is due to the installation of the flaw detector in the working position and X-raying of the product. The values of the conversion coefficients for these operations in the form of the ratio of the effective dose values and the readings of dosimeters (Hp(10)) located on the worker's body at chest level (standard place) and abdominal level differ little for both positions of individual dosimeters. The use of maximum conversion coefficient value of 0.8 Sv/Sv corresponding to the operation of X-raying of the product will ensure conservatism in the assessment of the effective dose for the entire production cycle by no more than 15% and 25% for dosimeters located at the chest level and abdominal level, respectively.

Methodical and Immunological Insights of Prime COVID-19 Vaccines

Abstract:: Vaccines' discovery, manufacturing, and distribution have been on a historic uptick in response to this worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. A handful of vaccines have been approved on an emergency basis after passing minimal clinical trials. There are voids in the existing body of research and the published body of work on phase II and III clinical trial outcomes, efficacy, and recently developed side effects of the approved COVID-19 vaccines. Furthermore, the immunological and methodological insights of successful vaccinations are still unpopular and are not publicly reported. We have attempted to review some major classes of COVID-19 vaccines, namely inactivated viral particle vaccine (BBV152 - Covaxin), mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 - Pfizer and mRNA-1273- Moderna), viral vector vaccines (Gam-COVID-Vac-Sputnik and ChAdOx1-S-Astrazeneca) and protein subunit vaccine (NVX-CoV2373-Novavax) and discuss their methodological and immunological formulations. This review intends to address the existing literature's gaps and limitations and the vaccine’s safety, efficiency, and effectiveness profiles. This report, by accumulating and comparing the existing publicly available literature and datasheets of the vaccines, concludes that the efficacy of the vaccinations has been found to be 81% for BBV152 (COVAXIN), 94.5% for BNT162b2 (Pfizer), 94.5% for mRNA-1273 (Moderna), 91.6% for Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), 62–90% for ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca), and 96.4% for NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax), demonstrating their efficacy in lowering the severity and frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We conclude that while the commercially approved vaccines have a few limitations regarding clinical trials and side effects, they provide immunity with efficacy ranging from 81% to 96.4% against COVID-19.

Redesign of workstations to minimize musculoskeletal disorders for guitar workers in Indonesia

This study aims to determine and analyze body parts that experience musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and muscles that experience fatigue in guitar-making workers. The method used is the Nordic Body Map (NBM) to determine MSDs complaints, including complaints of pain in 28 parts of the worker's body, and the Muscle Fatigue Analysis (MFA) method to determine muscle fatigue that occurs in each part of the body by determining the level of effort, duration of work, and frequency of work movements. The results of research using NBM were 2 workers with high risk, 3 workers with medium risk, and 7 workers with low risk. The results of the MFA method were that 3 workers experienced muscle fatigue in the very high category with priority in the neck, back, shoulders, right arm, wrist and feet. Efforts to minimize the risk of MSDs by redesigning work facilities using SolidWorks software and reducing the risk of muscle fatigue by improving work facilities, improving the layout of the production floor, and encouraging workers to stretch their muscles and exercise regularly.

Proposal for Prevention of Occupational Disease Risk Using the Hiradc Method at PT X in the Dyeing Department

People in this era have various needs in carrying out life. The needs that need to be used by the community have multiple kinds of things, such as clothing. Clothes used by the community go through various processes before becoming finished goods. Before becoming ready-to-wear, clothes came from raw materials such as fabric rolls. There are multiple production processes, such as yarn, fabric, chemical dyeing, etc. One of the places where fabrics are produced is textile factories. A textile factory is a company that produces products in the form of fabrics. The manufacture of fabrics that occur in textile factories must involve mixing chemicals so that the fabric has good quality. The process of mixing these chemical substances involves workers, and the chemical substances used are classified as Hazardous and Toxic Materials (B3), so these chemicals can have a bad impact on their workers if there is physical contact with the worker's body. Exposure to chemicals in the worker's body will cause a risk of developing Occupational Diseases (PAK). Therefore, in this study, data will be processed to prevent workers' risk of Occupational Diseases (PAK) using the HIRADC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control) method. The proposal given in this study is a proposal for the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for preventive measures against Occupational Diseases (PAK) for workers

From Invisible to Visible

Abstract Asian women are often marginalized in global contexts, and they are often disembodied or presented in sexualized images in film and television productions. Even in the Asian region, Asian women have difficulty giving themselves a voice in popular culture. This essay has selected three films and tends to explore the gender connotation, body, and sexuality in the film works of East Asian female directors in recent decades, with the intent to explore the female sexual desire that is expressed and reflected in those female directors’ works.

The Symbolic of Female Body in the Anti-Japanese War Painting in China

From 1931 to 1945, Japan launched a 14-year war of aggression against China and it had a profound impact on China’s politics, economy, and culture. One of the reactions or responses from Chinese society to this tragic event is through art, especially in painting. However, most of the paintings in the Anti-Japanese War are dominated by male subjects and females only appear as a supporting role in the composition. The objectives of this study are to describe the female body through Chinese Anti-Japanese War paintings from the 1970’s and to interpret the meaning of signs and symbols through a conceptual framework that has been built from relevant concepts. This study adopts a qualitative research strategy that makes use of observation and documents as its main research methods. This study shows that these visual artworks reflected the social transformation and changing gender roles in culture at that time. The female body in these visual works conveys multiple meanings such as bravery, tenacity, and sacrifice.

The Effect of Work Posture on Work Fatigue in Furniture Workers in the East Jakarta Furniture Industry Center

Indonesia's Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises sector in 2022 will reach 9.1 million. One of the MSMEs developing in Indonesia is furniture at the East Jakarta Furniture Industry Center. Based on researchers' observations of furniture workers at the East Jakarta Furniture Industry Center, many workers still work without personal protective equipment, and the working environment conditions are poor. Testing has been carried out. In tidying work activities such as sanding, the worker's body posture can cause work fatigue, which causes accidents and work-related illnesses that cause losses. They are proving the effect of work posture on work fatigue of furniture workers in the furniture industry center. This research design was cross-sectional, and the sample size in this study was 127 respondents, with data collection using a reaction timer and questionnaire. Data analysis uses univariate tests, bivariate tests, and multivariate tests. Multivariate analysis results show that work posture factors (p=0.002) have an influence on work fatigue after being controlled by work climate factors (p=0.012), history of illness (p=0.06), and workload (p=0.09) with a value of 0R = 4.061. Entrepreneurs/employers should provide short chairs, drinking water, and exhaust fans, conduct regular health checks, and regulate workload. The government strengthens labor supervision and makes regulations that require periodic health checks and company compliance to participate in BPJS.

The civilian's dilemma: Civilians exhibit automatic defensive responses to the police.

Interactions between police officers and civilians incur for both police and civilians the possibility of danger due to a nonzero likelihood of encountering a physical threat. A body of work examining the implications of threat processes during police-civilian interactions focuses almost exclusively on the perspective of police officers, under the auspice that police use-of-force decisions stem from perceptions and misperceptions of threat (e.g., research on the shooter bias). Almost no research has examined these dynamics from the perspective of civilians whose encounter with police involves interacting with an armed and potentially dangerous individual. In the current work, we advance the idea that just as police may respond to civilians as threats, civilians may respond to the police as threats. That is, among civilians, encountering the police may evoke a combination of defensive bodily and behavioral responses. Across three studies (N = 603) each utilizing unique measures of defensive behavioral and physiological responding, we found that people more rapidly avoid police than nonpolice, demonstrate enhanced defensive freeze responses to police than nonpolice, and evince larger defensive physiological preparation toward police than nonpolice. In light of these patterns, we discuss the implications of defensive responses for shaping civilian behavior in real-world encounters with the police. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

SoK: Security in Real-Time Systems

Security is an increasing concern for real-time systems (RTS). Over the last decade or so, researchers have demonstrated attacks and defenses aimed at such systems. In this article, we identify , classify and measure the effectiveness of the security research in this domain. We provide a high-level summary [ identification ] and a taxonomy [ classification ] of this existing body of work. Furthermore, we carry out an in-depth analysis [ measurement ] of scheduler-based security techniques — the most common class of real-time security mechanisms. For this purpose, we developed a common metric, “ attacker’s burden ” , used to measure the effectiveness of (existing as well as future) scheduler-based real-time security measures. This metric, built on the concept of “work factor” [ 1 ], is adapted for, and normalized across, various scheduler-based real-time security techniques.

Rancang Bangun Mesin Pengayak Terasi Bubuk Guna Meningkatkan Output Produksi dengan Pendekatan Antropometri

Increased consumer demand makes UMKM H.J Irin experience obstacles that are quite influential on production process activities. In this study, an ergonomic sieving machine design with anthropometric methods was carried out with the aim of helping the sieving process to be faster and increase productivity. Anthropometry is a method used to determine the size that is in accordance with anthropometric data obtained from the measurement of the worker's body. This research uses the time study method by making direct observations recording normal time and standard time. From the results of data processing that has been carried out from the anthropometric results of workers, the dimensions of the machine are obtained at a machine height of 82 cm, a machine width of 50 cm, and a machine reach of 67 cm. The increase that occurs in the sieving process is obtained an increase in productivity that occurs by 1.40%, with details of the productivity of manual sieving tools of 14% and after the design of the machine as much as 15.40%.

OptoProfilin: A Single Component Biosensor of Applied Cellular Stress.

The actin cytoskeleton is a biosensor of cellular stress and a potential prognosticator of human disease. In particular, aberrant cytoskeletal structures such as stress granules formed in response to energetic and oxidative stress are closely linked to ageing, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and viral infection. Whether these cytoskeletal phenomena can be harnessed for the development of biosensors for cytoskeletal dysfunction and, by extension, disease progression, remains an open question. In this work, we describe the design and development of an optogenetic iteration of profilin, an actin monomer binding protein with critical functions in cytoskeletal dynamics. We demonstrate that this optically activated profilin ('OptoProfilin') can act as an optically triggered biosensor of applied cellular stress in select immortalized cell lines. Notably, OptoProfilin is a single component biosensor, likely increasing its utility for experimentalists. While a large body of preexisting work closely links profilin activity with cellular stress and neurodegenerative disease, this, to our knowledge, is the first example of profilin as an optogenetic biosensor of stress-induced changes in the cytoskeleton.

Curatorial Dissonance and Conflictual Aesthetics: Holocaust Memory and Public Humanities in Greek Historiography

Despite the increasingly diverse societal landscape in Greece for more than three decades within a context of migration, understandings of its fragile histories are still limited in shaping a sense of belonging that is open to ‘otherness’. While Greek communities have utilised history as a pathway to maintain identity, other parallel histories and understandings do not resonate with ‘Greekness’ for most, such as the case of Greek Jewry. Critical historical perspectives can benefit from tracing ‘re-membering’ as a feminist practice in the reassessment of societal values of inclusivity. Histories of violence and injustice can also include elements of ‘difficult histories’ and must be embraced to seek acknowledgement of these in promoting social change and cultural analysis for public humanities informing curation and curricula. Between eduscapes, art heritage spaces, an entry into contested and conflictual histories can expand a sense of belonging and the way we imagine our own connected histories with communities, place and nation. Greek Jews do not constitute a strong part of historical memory for Greeks in their past and present; in contrast to what is perceived as ‘official’ history, theirs is quite marginal. As a result, contemporary Greeks, from everyday life to academia, do not have a holistic understanding in relation to the identities of Jews in Greece, their culture or the Holocaust. Given the emergence of a new wave of artistic activism in recent years in response to the ever-increasing dominance of authoritarian neoliberalism, along with activist practices in the art field as undercurrents of resistance, in this intervention I bring together bodies of works to create a dialogic reflection with historical, artistic and feminist sources. In turn, the discussion then explores the spatiotemporal contestations of the historical geographies of Holocaust monuments in Greece. While interrogating historical amnesia, I endeavour to provide a space to engage with ‘difficult histories’ in their aesthetic context as a heritage of healing and social justice.

Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Laundry Workers in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a serious problem that can affect the health and productivity of laundry workers. Workers who experience such disorders may experience pain, muscle stiffness, joint inflammation, and even serious injury. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among laundry workers in North Sulawesi. Methods: This study is a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted in March 2023 – April 2023 in Minahasa District North Sulawesi Province, specifically Tondano-Tomohon City. A total sample of 225 laundry workers was taken using the convenient sampling technique. The questionnaire used to assess WMSDs was the Nordic Body Map. The chi-square test was applied to find the association between age and musculoskeletal disorders among laundry workers. Results: Complaints felt in all parts of the worker's body 5.38% were very painful, 17.81% were painful, 36.39% were rather painful, and 39.67% were not painful. The body part that experienced the most complaints of severe pain was back at 10.2%, feeling pain was the waist at 37.3%, feeling pain was the right arm at 47.1%, and no pain was the left elbow at 71.6%. Conclusion: The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among the study population was significantly associated with age, sex, nutritional status, and work experience with musculoskeletal complaints (p<0.05). While there is no relationship between work duration and education level with musculoskeletal complaints (p>0.05). Therefore, appropriate interventions need to be made to improve working conditions, protect workers' health, and minimize the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the laundry industry.

Temporal Fairness in Multiwinner Voting

Multiwinner voting captures a wide variety of settings, from parliamentary elections in democratic systems to product placement in online shopping platforms. There is a large body of work dealing with axiomatic characterizations, computational complexity, and algorithmic analysis of multiwinner voting rules. Although many challenges remain, significant progress has been made in showing existence of fair and representative outcomes as well as efficient algorithmic solutions for many commonly studied settings. However, much of this work focuses on single-shot elections, even though in numerous real-world settings elections are held periodically and repeatedly. Hence, it is imperative to extend the study of multiwinner voting to temporal settings. Recently, there have been several efforts to address this challenge. However, these works are difficult to compare, as they model multi-period voting in very different ways. We propose a unified framework for studying temporal fairness in this domain, drawing connections with various existing bodies of work, and consolidating them within a general framework. We also identify gaps in existing literature, outline multiple opportunities for future work, and put forward a vision for the future of multiwinner voting in temporal settings.

Determining the ability of artificial intelligence to establish authorship of artistic ukrainian texts using significant fragments

Artificial intelligence is becoming an integral part of everyday life and profes-sional activity of a person. Bing, as an intelligent search system, can serve as a tool for determining the authorship of artistic text in Ukrainian. Bing helps to uncover in-formation about a text fragment and its author, although the search results may be inaccurate or incomplete. This work aims to explore the effectiveness of determining the authorship of ar-tistic texts using modern artificial intelligence tools based on significant fragments of works. Ten Ukrainian authors with a rich body of artistic works, reflecting various as-pects of Ukrainian culture and history, were selected for the experiment. Random fragments up to 500 words in length were selected from various works of these au-thors. An experiment was conducted to determine the authorship of 360 fragments. Using the Python programming language and the skpy package, software was created that sends queries and receives responses from the Bing bot embedded in Microsoft Skype. The presence of the author’s name and the corresponding title of the work were checked in the response texts. This work introduces, for the first time, a method of verifying the authorship of Ukrainian-language text fragments using the Bing bot equipped with artificial intelli-gence. A comparative analysis was conducted and experiments were carried out to identify the authorship of significant long fragments. It was found that long fragments allow the author of the artistic Ukrainian text to be determined with high accuracy. Ivan Franko has the highest percentage of re-sponses where the author’s name and the title of the work were mentioned - 87%. The proposed hypothesis regarding the effectiveness of artificial intelligence in establishing authorship of works has not been confirmed. Artificial intelligence has slightly lower efficiency than expected, which indirectly exposes its means of opera-tion. Namely, when establishing authorship, a sequential research comparison of the proposed fragment with a bank of works that are widespread in the Internet environ-ment is not performed.

Hampered by creation: the unintended consequences of COVID-19 policies on creative firms

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic abruptly interrupted operations for many industries, but in particular the live entertainment sector that was effectively forced into a global shutdown. In response, governments swooped in to keep these organisations afloat by introducing policies aimed at compensating for lost revenues and supporting other forms of activity such as creation. While these reactive measures undoubtedly provided timely and vital relief for some, this study suggests that they also induced important distortions over time. Based on interviews with circus arts managers, the results show that these policies unintendedly introduced or contributed to four main ‘asymmetries’ – outlets, customer base, structure, and talent – that now hamper creative organisations as they transition out of the pandemic. This study contributes to the emerging body of work on the unforeseen consequences of COVID-related support measures, challenges the dominant contextual approach to managing ambidexterity, and provides valuable insights for government and policy actors.

Neuromuscular consequences of spinal cord injury: New mechanistic insights and clinical considerations.

The spinal cord facilitates communication between the brain and the body, containing intrinsic systems that work with lower motor neurons (LMNs) to manage movement. Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) can lead to partial paralysis and dysfunctions in muscles below the injury. While traditionally this paralysis has been attributed to disruptions in the corticospinal tract, a growing body of work demonstrates LMN damage is a factor. Motor units, comprising the LMN and the muscle fibers with which they connect, are essential for voluntary movement. Our understanding of their changes post-SCI is still emerging, but the health of motor units is vital, especially when considering innovative SCI treatments like nerve transfer surgery. This review seeks to collate current literature on how SCI impact motor units and explore neuromuscular clinical implications and treatment avenues. SCI reduced motor unit number estimates, and surviving motor units had impaired signal transmission at the neuromuscular junction, force-generating capacity, and excitability, which have the potential to recover chronically, yet the underlaying mechanisms are unclear. Furthermore, electrodiagnostic evaluations can aid in assessing the health lower and upper motor neurons, identify suitable targets for nerve transfer surgeries, and detect patients with time sensitive injuries. Lastly, many electrodiagnostic abnormalities occur in both chronic and acute SCI, yet factors contributing to these abnormalities are unknown. Future studies are required to determine how motor units adapt following SCI and the clinical implications of these adaptations.

TEMPLE OF WEAVING MACHINE

The article considers three designs of weaving machines with horizontal working bodies made in the form of disks with rows of needles on the side surfaces. The discs are located under the fabric in the course of its movement and are made up of three rings. Each ring carries one row of needles. From above, the cribs are closed with lids with fabric guides on the underside. The body sponges, the side surfaces of the discs and the lid guides have the same profile, which improves the retention of the fabric edge. The support guides of the housing and the lid limiters keep the fabric out of the crib in a horizontal position. The proposed temples for weaving machines allow increasing the uniformity of the properties of the fabric in width.

Canadian intensive care unit nurses' responses to moral distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, and their recommendations for mitigative interventions.

To describe intensive care unit nurses' experiences of moral distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, and their recommendations for mitigative interventions. Interpretive description. Data were collected with a purposeful sample of 40 Canadian intensive care unit nurses between May and September 2021. Nurses completed a demographic questionnaire, the Measure of Moral Distress-Healthcare Professionals survey and in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were categorized and synthesized using reflexive thematic analysis and rapid qualitative analysis. Half of the nurses in this sample reported moderate levels of moral distress. In response to moral distress, nurses experienced immediate and long-term effects across multiple health domains. To cope, nurses discussed varied reactions, including action, avoidance and acquiescence. Nurses provided recommendations for interventions across multiple organizations to mitigate moral distress and negative health outcomes. Nurses reported that moral distress drove negative health outcomes and attrition in response to moral events in practice. To change these conditions of moral distress, nurses require organizational investments in interventions and cultures that prioritize the inclusion of nursing perspectives and voices. Nurses engage in a variety of responses to cope with moral distress. They possess valuable insights into the practice issues central to moral distress that have significant implications for all members of the healthcare teams, patients and systems. It is essential that nurses' voices be included in the development of future interventions central to the responses to moral distress. This study adheres to COREQ guidelines. What Problem did the Study Address? Given the known structural, systemic and environmental factors that contribute to intensive care unit nurses' experiences of moral distress, and ultimately burnout and attrition, it was important to learn about their experiences of moral distress and their recommendations for organizational mitigative interventions. Documentation of these experiences and recommendations took on a greater urgency during the context of a global health emergency, the COVID-19 pandemic, where such contextual influences on moral distress were less understood. What Were the Main Findings? Over half of the nurses reported a moderate level of moral distress. Nurses who were considering leaving nursing practice reported higher moral distress scores than those who were not considering leaving. In response to moral distress, nurses experienced a variety of outcomes across several health domains. To cope with moral distress, nurses engaged in patterns of action, avoidance and acquiescence. To change the conditions of moral distress, nurses desire organizational interventions, practices and culture changes situated in the amplification of their voices. Where and on Whom Will the Research Have an Impact on? These findings will be of interest to: (1) researchers developing and evaluating interventions that address the complex phenomenon of moral distress, (2) leaders and administrators in hospitals, and relevant healthcare and nursing organizations, and (3) nurses interested in leveraging evidence-informed recommendations to advocate for interventions to address moral distress. What Does this Paper Contribute to the Wider Global Community? This paper advances the body of scientific work on nurses' experiences of moral distress, capturing this phenomenon within the unique context of a global health emergency. Nurses' levels of moral distress using Measure of Moral Distress-Healthcare Professional survey were reported, serving as a comparator for future studies seeking to measure and evaluate intensive care unit nurses' levels of moral distress. Nurses' recommendations for mitigative interventions for moral distress have been reported, which can help inform future interventional studies. No patient or public contribution.

Protocol for creating a dataset of U.S. state alcohol-related firearm laws 2000-2022.

Firearms are a major source of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States, contributing to over 48,000 deaths in 2022 and generating societal costs in excess of $500 billion. A body of work has examined the relationship between US state level firearm laws and health outcomes, generally finding that some firearm regulations are associated with lower firearm-related mortality. Alcohol has been identified as an additional risk factor for both homicides and suicide and stronger state alcohol laws have been associated with lower rates of suicide. To date, there are no empirical studies that have investigated the impact of laws over a long period of time that target the intersection of alcohol and firearm. One reason for this may be because there is no existing dataset that includes the range of these state laws over time. This study describes the protocol for collecting, coding and operationalizing these legal data.