Blue Trap Research Articles

Population Dynamics of Coffee Thrips (<i>Diarthrothrips coffeae</i>) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Using Sticky Traps with Different Essential Oils

Coffee (<i>Coffea arabica </i>L.) is one of the most traded commodities worldwide, and it is grown in about 80 coffee producing countries. Ethiopia is the origin of <i>coffea arabica</i> L which is grown in different production systems. Insect pests are one of the biotic factors that contribute to low yield and quality. Thrips are key insect pests in several coffee-producing regions in Southern Ethiopia. This study evaluated blue sticky traps treated with different essential oils to monitor the population dynamics of coffee thrips over three years. The experiment was conducted at the Awada sub center research site on established coffee plots, with six treatments and three replications. The results showed a significantly different in the number of coffee thrips populations per week, month and year. In the 2021 cropping season, the highest number of coffee thrips was caught on sage oil-treated sticky traps in the second week of trap installation (WK2=77.50). In the 2022 cropping season, the highest number of coffee thrips was caught on lavander oil-treated sticky traps in the third week of trap installation (WK3=1,100.33). In the 2023 cropping season, the highest number of coffee thrips was caught on lavander oil-treated sticky traps in the third week of trap installation (WK3=2,320.00). Thus, the blue sticky trap treated with lavender oil attracted a higher thrips population in 2022 and 2023 year. Therefore, lavander oil is a promising essential oil along with the blue sticky trap for monitoring coffee thrips populations.

Multimodal interactions in Stomoxys navigation reveal synergy between olfaction and vision

Stomoxys flies exhibit an attraction toward objects that offer no rewards, such as traps and targets devoid of blood or nectar incentives. This behavior provides an opportunity to develop effective tools for vector control and monitoring. However, for these systems to be sustainable and eco-friendly, the visual cues used must be specific to target vector(s). In this study, we modified the existing blue Vavoua trap, which was originally designed to attract biting flies, to create a deceptive host attraction system specifically biased toward attracting Stomoxys. Our research revealed that Stomoxys flies are attracted to various colors, with red proving to be the most attractive and selective color for Stomoxys compared to the other colors tested. Interestingly, our investigation of the cattle–Stomoxys interaction demonstrated that Stomoxys flies do not prefer a specific livestock fur color phenotype, despite variation in the spectrum. To create a realistic sensory impression of the trap in the Stomoxys nervous system, we incorporated olfactory cues from livestock host odors that significantly increased trap catches. The optimized novel polymer bead dispenser is capable of effectively releasing the attractive odor carvone + p-cresol, with strong plume strands and longevity. Overall, red trap baited with polymer bead dispenser is environmentally preferred.

Blue LED trap and commercial lure improve western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) monitoring in cucumber crops

Blue sticky traps contribute substantially to monitoring the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in greenhouses. Although sticky traps can detect the initial presence of thrips reliably, an estimation of the actual thrips density in the crop by counting number of thrips on the traps is often not accurate. To overcome this issue, we compared blue sticky traps and newly developed sticky LED-enlightened traps in combination with the commercial thrips kairomone Lurem-TR under commercial growing conditions. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae), crop stands in greenhouse cabins investigating the correlation between thrips caught on (LED) traps and the thrips density in the crop for an accurate and reliable thrips monitoring. Additionally, experiments aiming to understand underlying mechanisms of thrips orientation towards traps in different scenarios were conducted under controlled conditions. Results show that thrips catches on sticky LED enlightened coloured traps correlated strongly positive with number of thrips in the crop, especially at low thrips population densities. Adding Lurem to this trap type further improved accuracy of the correlation in the greenhouse cabin experiment. Moreover, LED traps with and without Lurem were more attractive towards thrips in small follow-up experiments compared to standard blue sticky traps. The results are discussed in the context of general orientation of thrips and its behaviour towards visual and olfactory cues when considering different scenarios. Our study shows the successful integration of blue LEDs into an existing trapping system and underlines the advantages compared with standard sticky plates. In conclusion, sticky LED enlightened coloured traps have a potential as an improved thrips monitoring device that might improve pest management decisions.

Keanekaragaman Serangga Nokturnal Berdasarkan Warna Lampu Perangkap Cahaya di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Desa Tongkoh Sumatera Utara


 
 
 
 Nocturnal insects are a type of insect that is active at night and plays a role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and has an ecologically and economically occurring role. This study was conducted to determine the diversity, evenness, and dominance of nocturnal insects based on the color of the light trap lamp at the Vegetable Crop Research Center of Tongkoh Village, Karo Regency, North Sumatra. This study used the light trap method by making a transect 100 m long and on the transect, 5 observation stations were installed. There are 27 insect families consisting of 35 types of nocturnal insects with a total of 240 individuals. The most common type of insect found is Empoasca fabae. The diversity index (H') is included in the moderate category with a value of 2.10 on the green lamp trap, 1.38 on the blue lamp trap, 2.23 on the yellow lamp trap, 2.76 on the white lamp trap, and 2.26 on the red lamp trap, this shows that the insect diversity at the study site is in a stable condition. The dominance index (C) is categorized as low with a value of 0.184 on green light traps, 0.347 on blue lamp traps, 0.222 on yellow light traps, 0.092 on white light traps, and 0.150 on red light traps. This situation occurs because there is no type of nocturnal insect that is too dominant so that the diversity of insects is classified as being in a stable state.
 
 
 
 

Inventory and Potential of Natural Enemies ( Predators and Parasitoids ) as Pest Controller in Lemon Crops in Langkat, North Sumatera

Lemons are plant horticulture fruits which kind of oranges are also known as designation citrus. The fruit shaped as a round oval, colored yellow bright, and tasteful sour or a little sweet. Other roles of insects in nature besides insect potential herbivores (phytophagous) pests, that is, as predators and parasitoids. The study aims to identify types and diversity of enemy potential natural (predators and parasitoids). as controller pests on lemon plants. The study carried out on land lemons in Namo Terasi village, Sei Bingai District, Langkat Regency. Identification insects was done in Laboratory Pests, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara which held on month, March until June 2023. This study uses a purposive sampling method with 5 types, such as yellow sticky trap, red trap, black trap, blue ball trap, and net trap. Total insects identified on the lemon’s vegetation (Citrus lemon) consist of 10 Orders, 38 Families and 49 Genera, and 2308 individuals. The highest population recorded from Aphidius (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as many as 481 individuals. The highest of Density and Relative Density from family Braconidae (D=481, RD=21.02%), whereas the lowest of Mantidae Family (D= 3, RD=0.13%). Total population were 10 types of predatory insects family, 4 types of parasitoids,16 types of herbivores and 5 types of pollinators, and 3 types of decomposers.

Inventory and Potential of Natural Enemies ( Predators and Parasitoids ) as Pest Controller in Lemon Crops in Langkat, North Sumatera

Lemons are plant horticulture fruits which kind of oranges are also known as designation citrus. The fruit shaped as a round oval, colored yellow bright, and tasteful sour or a little sweet. Other roles of insects in nature besides insect potential herbivores (phytophagous) pests, that is, as predators and parasitoids. The study aims to identify types and diversity of enemy potential natural (predators and parasitoids). as controller pests on lemon plants. The study carried out on land lemons in Namo Terasi village, Sei Bingai District, Langkat Regency. Identification insects was done in Laboratory Pests, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara which held on month, March until June 2023. This study uses a purposive sampling method with 5 types, such as yellow sticky trap, red trap, black trap, blue ball trap, and net trap. Total insects identified on the lemon’s vegetation (Citrus lemon) consist of 10 Orders, 38 Families and 49 Genera, and 2308 individuals. The highest population recorded from Aphidius (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as many as 481 individuals. The highest of Density and Relative Density from family Braconidae (D=481, RD=21.02%), whereas the lowest of Mantidae Family (D= 3, RD=0.13%). Total population were 10 types of predatory insects family, 4 types of parasitoids,16 types of herbivores and 5 types of pollinators, and 3 types of decomposers.

PEMANFAATAN LAMPU PERANGKAP UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN POPULASI ULAT BAWANG, SPODOPTERA EXIGUA HUBNER (LEPIDOPTERA : NOCTUIDAE) PADA PERTANAMAN BAWANG MERAH

ABSTRACT
 Since ancient times, the onion (Allium cepa L.) has been known as a food and medicinal plant. Shallot plants have been widely cultivated and consumed all over the world. Shallot planting cannot be separated from the problem of plant-disturbing organisms, especially Spodoptera exigua pests. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of trap lights on the intensity of S. exigua attacks on onion plants. This field experiment compares two types of trap lamp treatment, namely yellow and blue trap lights, to the intensity of S. exigua pest attacks on onion plants. The results showed that the average intensity of S. exigua attacks on yellow trap light treatment was lower (10.63%) than on blue trap lamp treatment (11.05%). The total production of shallot wet bulbs in the yellow light trap treatment was around 4.66 tons/ha lower than the blue light trap of 6.86 tons/ha. Analysis of the T-test of both treatments showed markedly different results only in observations of 7 and 23 days after planting. 
 
 Keywords: Allium cepa L, Attack intensity, LED, Light trap, Spodoptera exigua.

Influence of Colour and Height of Sticky Traps In Attraction of Thrips on Gladiolus

Thrips are very cryptic in nature and difficult to trace and initiate control measure under field condition till damage symptom appears. Thrips generally move long distances by floating with the wind and get trapped on the sticky board while moving between rows of plants as traps are better indicators of thrips activity. Coloured sticky traps are used for mass trapping and monitoring. This study assessed the effectiveness of coloured sticky traps for mass trapping of Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood) in gladiolus. The attraction of three colours blue, yellow, and white at four different heights (25, 50, 75 and 100 cm) was assessed. The number of thrips caught in the various coloured traps varied greatly, with the blue sticky trap attracting the most, followed by yellow and white. These findings suggest that blue-colored traps can be utilised for mass trapping and monitoring of thrips in gladiolus.

Evaluation of Different Integrated Management Strategies against Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Mung Bean

The study was conducted in the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during April‒June, 2021 to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated management approaches against thrips on mung bean. The treatments comprising seed treatment, blue sticky trap and bio-pesticides i.e. Tracer 45SC (Spinosad), Biotrin 0.5% AS, Ecomec 1.8EC or synthetic chemical insecticides i.e. Confidor 70 WG, Actara 25WG, Stargate 48SC, Novastar 56EC and an untreated control were evaluated against thrips. The efficacy of the integrated management packages differed significantly against the thrips species Megalurothrips usitatus and Thrips palmi. Among them, the integrated management approach comprising seed treatment+blue sticky trap+Stargate 48SC was the most effective and reduced the highest percent of total thrips population on top trifoliate leaves and terminal shoots (84.46% and 80.77%, respectively) at vegetative stage and on flower buds and flowers (81.26% and 80.54%, respectively) at reproductive stage of mung bean. The lowest flower bud and flower infestation (17.35% and 21.66%, respectively) and shedding (13.32% and 8.41%, respectively) and the highest number of pod (34.28 plant-1), pod length (9.29 cm), seed (10.82 pod-1), 1000 seed weight (34.10 g) and yield (1642.19 kg ha-1) of mung bean was found in the integrated management package including seed treatment+blue sticky trap+Stargate 48SC followed by the management strategy comprising seed treatment+blue sticky trap+Confidor 70 WG and seed treatment+Blue sticky trap+Actara 25WG.

Elevated pan traps optimise the sampling of bees, including when the availability of floral resources is high

Abstract To sample bee communities, a combination of methods is necessary, the most common being hand netting (HN) and pan traps (PT). However, there has been little exploration into how vertical distribution of PT can improve their sampling efficiency, also taking the temporal variation of floral resources into account. Here, we analysed the properties of bee communities sampled with PT at different heights (1.6 and 4.0 m) compared with PTs close to the ground, HN and large blue bucket trap (BB). In addition, we tested the effect of variation in the availability of floral resources on the performance of each method. Bees were collected in fragments of the Brazilian Caatinga. We captured 60 bee species with PTs, HN and BB, with significant increases in the sample coverage with elevated bowls (BB = 56.7%, HN = 60.0%, PT0.3 m = 23.3%, PT1.6 m = 36.7%, PT4.0 m = 50.0%). Elevating the bowls increased the sampling of bees with larger body size. Considering the three heights, PTs registered similar richness compared to HN and BB, but differed in the composition of species and ecological traits. When floral resource availability was greater, the abundance and richness of bees caught in PTs decreased, however, the elevated PT increased their ecological uniqueness (degree of uniqueness of the samples in terms of community composition). Thus, elevating PTs enables the capture of bees that forage at a specific height when floral resources increase. Our results highlight the importance of the vertical distribution of PT for sampling bees, since it improves their performance and its complementarity with other methods.

Perbandingan Usahatani Bawang Merah Sistem Konvensional Dengan Sistem Automatic Solar Blue Light Trap

There are two types of shallot planting systems in Sudimoro Village: the conventional system and the Automatic solar blue light trap system. The conventional system is planting shallots with the general treatment being to apply only synthetic chemical pesticides, while the Automatic solar blue light trap system is planting shallots by applying synthetic chemical pesticides and applying Automatic solar blue light traps. The purpose of this study was to compare the conventional system of shallot farming and the automatic solar blue light trap application system in Sudimoro Village. The population of this study was all shallot farmers in Sudimoro Village, which amounted to 9 farmers, consisting of 5 conventional farmers and 4 farmers applying Automatic solar blue light traps. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach. The results of this study can be seen that the value of the R/C ratio of the conventional system is 1.33, while the system applies the Automatic solar blue light trap 3.36. These results indicate that both shallot farming systems are feasible to cultivate. While the value of the B/C ratio for the conventional system is 0.33, while the system applies the Automatic solar blue light trap 2.36, these results indicate that the shallot farming in Sudimoro Village, the conventional system is not feasible to continue, while the system applying the Automatic solar blue light trap is feasible to be continued.

Brilliant Blue Chromatic Traps Plus Commercial Attractors are Effective Capturing Adults Frankliniella Occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Blackberry Crops

Western flower thrips (WFT) are a major insect pest of blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius, Rosaceae) crops in Mexico, causing significant damage to blackberry crops. Yellow and blue traps are used to monitor adult thrips populations during the blossom season. However, the effect of different shades of these colours on the capture of Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is not clearly known. The current study evaluated four shades of yellow (opaque, neutral, brilliant, and phosphorescent) and three shades of blue (opaque, neutral, and brilliant), subsequently, the most attractive shade (brilliant blue or high lustre blue was selected, and different geometric figures (circle, half-circle, rhombus, triangle, inverted triangle, and square) were evaluated on a black background in blackberry crops. Brilliant blue and phosphorescent yellow traps captured the highest number of WFT adults; but brilliant blue traps captured numerically more WFT adults than phosphorescent yellow traps. The use of different geometric figures of brilliant blue on a green background did not improve thrip capture compared to the brilliant blue trap without a background. The kairomone Lurem-TR increased the number WTF adults captured 2 - 3 times more the unbaited trap, and 2 mg of eugenol increased 1.5 - 2.5. These results are useful to complement the monitoring system for F. occidentalis in host crops of this pest.

Integrated management of thrips-mite and borer complex attacking chilli

Thrips, mite and borer complex are the most serious insect pests which reduce chilli yield remarkably in many chilli growing areas. This study exposed that sustainable bio-rational based management packages including different mechanical approaches and bio-pesticides were effective against Thrips, mite and borer pests in chilli. The results indicated that, spraying of Sodium lauryl ether sulphate (Fizimite) and Matrine (Biotrin) along with blue sticky trap and pheromone mass trapping of Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura was most effective against Thrips, mites and borer pests. The lowest number of Thrips and fruit borer infestation was observed from spraying of Sodium lauryl ether sulphate (Fizimite) and Matrine (Biotrin) along with blue sticky trap and pheromone mass trapping of Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura treated plots. The highest yield (20.93 t/ha) and net income (145525 Tk/ha) were also obtained from spraying of Sodium lauryl ether sulphate (Fizimite) and Matrine (Biotrin) along with blue sticky trap and pheromone mass trapping of Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura treated plots. Only application of chemical insecticides is not effective against the insect pest’s population in a long-term. In contrast, mechanical approaches such as sticky trap, pheromone trap as well as different bio-pesticides are environmental, economical, dependable and that facilitate the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) concept.

Does grape leafhopper Arbordia hussaini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) effect on chlorophyll content of grape leaves?

The leafhopper Arbordia hussaini is a phloem feeding pest of the grape leaves causing a drop in chlorophyll levels in the grape leaves, which decreases photosynthesis and causes drying of the leaves depend on the population density of insects and found in various grape varieties growing around the world. The direct effects of A. hussaini on biomass dynamics, particularly the chlorophyll content of grapevine leaves, are investigated in this study. the high population of A. hussaini were 19.33 insect adult per grape leave in the first of September, while the low density of A. hussaini was 0.11 insect adult per grape leave at the end of December that trapped in blue sticky trap. The high density of leafhopper was recorded on the variety of Kamali followed by the variety of Halawani and Faranci. Chemical analysis of the chlorophyll content between the uninfested and infested grape leaves with the grape leafhopper showed decreasing of chlorophyll content and has been given 19.03 and 15.11 mg/L of the Halawani variety for the uninfested and infested leaves, respectively. Whereas, th mean of chlorophyll content of uninfested and infested leaves was 24.63 and 18.85 mg/L for Faranci variety, respectively. Moreover, the comparession of chlorophyll content between uninfested and infested Kamali leaf variety was 23.69 and 12.30 mg/L, respectively. Finally, depending on the degree of the attack, the grapevine response to A. hussaini infestation that affects on grape leaves and photosynthesis. This research shows that leafhopper feeding on tree sap has a significant direct impact on the chlorophyll content of grape leaves.

Management of Leaf Miners Infesting Tomato under Protected Cultivation

This study evaluates the effectiveness of YST (yellow sticky trap) and BST (blue sticky trap) in monitoring the leaf miners Liriomyza trifolii and Tuta absoluta on tomato under protected cultivation. The efficacy of insecticides viz., acephate 75SP, acetamiprid 20SP, diafenthiuron 50WP, spiromesifen 22.9SC, Beauveria bassiana @ 4g/ l and neem oil @ 10ml/ l including untreated control were also evaluated along with. The maximum trap catches (11.25/ trap) of T. absoluta was observed during 39th standard meteorological week (SMW), and with L. trifolii, it was (8.25/ trap) during 37th SMW in YST. Among the insecticides, acephate 75SP was highly effective with 59.50% reduction in incidence.

Tests of durable Nzi traps for horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in the United States of America, the Sudan, and the Philippines

AbstractDurable materials for Nzi traps were tested in three applied settings based on promising formats that were tested first in Canada. Experiments were conducted at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, United States of America at the site of a major tabanid control programme and at two challenging tropical locations (Sudan and Philippines) where mechanical transmission of trypanosomiasis occurs. At Cape Cod, royal blue–painted plywood Nzi traps caught up to 19 times as many tabanids as greenhead box traps used locally did. Fabric Nzi traps caught up to six times more horseflies,Tabanusspp. (Diptera: Tabanidae), than a box trap did and twice as many horseflies than a popular commercial trap, the Horse Pal®did. A home-dyed phthalogen turquoise cotton trap also performed well. In the Philippines, it caught 2.5 times as manyTabanusas a standard phthalogen blue cotton trap did. Durable phthalogen blue Sunbrella acrylic and Top Notch polyester traps with various types of netting performed well at all locations.

The Effect of the Blue and Black Light Trap on the Diversity of the Trichoptera (Caddisfly Adult) and Other Insects in Lotic and Lentic Area of Mae Tam Reservoir, Thailand

This study was conducted using two types of light traps to collect the insects at Mae Tam Reservoir from January to April 2018. The sampling area was divided into 4 points. Two points were located at the reservoir’s bank, and the others were located at the reservoir’s outlet. The study aimed to compare the efficiency of the fluorescent tube's blue and purple light, which had a different wavelength on insect’s attraction. To compare the diversity of Trichoptera in the different stream habitats, Sørensen similarity index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Evenness index were used. The result showed that purple light could attract insects better than blue light. Hymenoptera was attracted by purple light. Coleoptera and Hemiptera were attracted by blue light. The study on the diversity of Trichoptera showed that there were 2,534 individuals of 9 families 48 species were collected. Ecnomus puro was the most abundant species (1,120 individuals). The highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index was sampling points 4 (2.10). The highest Evenness index was sampling points 4 (0.62). Sørensen similarity index showed that sampling points 3 and 4 had the highest value (67.92 %) because they were adapted from a natural creek to concrete where boulder, gravel, cobble, sand, and woody material were deposited at the stream bottom. These provided various microhabitats for insect larva to live and develop. The riparian had affected the distribution and colonization of mature insects.

Color of Pan Trap Influences Sampling of Bees in Livestock Pasture Ecosystem.

Simple SummaryPollination is important for fertilization, setting fruits, seed development and the continuation of the life cycle of plants that eventually provide food for humans, livestock and wildlife. Agronomic practices, use of pesticides, lack of diverse flowering plant species, introduction of invasive plants, loss of habitat, climate change and disease have all led to the decline of important pollinator species. Decline of insect pollinators has increased the importance of accurately monitoring pollinator diversity and abundance over time. Sampling techniques using different color traps are used to sample bees and other insects, but their utility and effectiveness in different ecosystems still need to be determined. In this study, we examined four different colors of pan traps (blue, green, yellow, and purple) for their utility in sampling bees in a livestock pasture ecosystem consisting of native forage species. We analyzed the relative abundance, richness, similarity, and community assemblage patterns associated with aforementioned colors. We found that the blue color traps were the most attractive to bees and were effective for sampling bees in a livestock pasture ecosystem. Purple color traps were the second most effective, followed by yellow and green color traps.The decline in insect pollinators has increased the importance of accurately monitoring pollinator diversity and abundance over time. Sampling techniques include the use of passive insect traps such as pan traps, yet there is still discussion over their utility and effectiveness in different ecosystems. The objective was to examine four different colors of pan traps (blue, green, yellow, and purple) for their utility in sampling bees in native forages rotationally grazed by sheep and to compare the relative abundance, richness, similarity, and community assemblage patterns among the four trap colors. Most bees were from the Halictidae family (89%). The most abundant species were Lasioglossum imitatum (42.2%), Augochlorella aurata (8.3%), L. subviridatum (6.8), Agapostemon texanus (6.4), and L. birkmani (4.1%). Blue color traps exhibited the highest rates of bee capture and species accumulation. Purple and yellow colored traps were moderately effective in capturing bees, while the green color pan traps were least effective. Similarly, observed and extrapolated species richness was highest in blue trap, followed by purple, yellow, and green. Notably, the blue trap captured the highest number of unique species, followed by purple, yellow and green traps. Considering the total number of insects collected (including bees and other insects), yellow and green traps captured a significantly higher number of insects than other colored traps. The light reflectance from blue, purple, green and yellow pan traps had peaks at ~450, 400, 550, and 600 nm, respectively. Since different insects respond to different light intensities, wavelengths, and reflectivity, these results could be used to guide future trapping protocols targeting certain insect groups in livestock pasture and similar ecosystems.

Synergistic Effects of the Red Light and Blue Traps on Control of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

The melon thrips (Thrips palmi) is a serious insect pest of vegetables and ornamental plants. To control and monitor this thrips, blue traps are widely used. We previously reported that irradiation of cucumber plants with red light-emitting diodes (660 nm) causes T. palmi to avoid the plants. Here, we evaluated the responses of T. palmi adults to a cucumber plant in an experimental arena with either a transparent sticky trap or a blue sticky trap, without or with illumination by a red LED panel. When T. palmi were introduced into the arena, the number of thrips attracted to the plant was lowest in treatments using the red light and blue trap. On the other hand, when T. palmi were inoculated on plants first, most thrips stayed put on the plants. Placing both red LEDs and blue sticky traps in greenhouses before the thrips invade the greenhouse from the outside might effectively control T. palmi.

Novel repumping on 3P0 → 3D1 for Sr magneto-optical trap and Landé g factor measurement of 3D1

We realize an experimental facility for cooling and trapping strontium (Sr) atoms and measure the Landé g factor of 3D1 of 88Sr. Thanks to a novel repumping scheme with the 3P2 → 3S1 and 3P0 → 3D1 combination and the permanent magnets based self-assembled Zeeman slower, the peak atom number in the continuously repumped blue magneto-optical trap is enhanced by a factor of 15 with respect to the non-repumping case, and reaches ∼1 billion. Furthermore, using the resolved-sideband Zeeman spectroscopy, the Landé g factor of 3D1 is measured to be 0.4995(88) showing a good agreement with the theoretical value of 0.4988. The results will have an impact on various applications including atom laser, dipolar interactions, quantum information and precision measurements.