Blue Lupin Research Articles

Comparative study of the emulsifying properties of blue lupin, white lupin, and soybean protein isolates

This study investigated the emulsifying properties of isoelectric pH-precipitated blue lupin (BLPI), white lupin (WLPI), and soybean (SPI) protein isolates at various protein concentrations and pH values (3, 5, 7, and 9). The solubility, secondary, and tertiary structure of the protein isolates at different pH were determined. The emulsion characteristics evaluated included the droplet size, microstructure characterization, coalescence index (CI), and flocculation index (FI). The solubility of the protein isolates was influenced by pH, with the lowest solubility recorded at pH 4–5. At pH 5, all the protein isolates had more β-sheet structure than α-helix, while at pH 9, the isolates contained the helical conformation more than β-sheet. In general, mean oil droplet size (d3,2) was bigger at pH 3 and 5 (∼5–16 μm) when compared to pH 7 and 9 (<6 μm). The presence of small spherical and uniform oil droplet emulsions (<9 μm) stabilized by WLPI, BLPI, and SPI at pH 7 and 9 was confirmed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Oil droplet coalescence was not the most prominent mechanism of emulsion instability for both lupin isolates and SPI, but rather bridging flocculation, with the FI highest at pH 5 (50–100%).

Phosphorus acquisition by faba bean, blue lupin, and chickpea in relation to soil phosphorus status

AbstractThe efficiency of soil phosphorus (P) mobilization and uptake by plants depends on a complex combination of factors, including plant P acquisition strategies and soil P availability. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the capabilities of three legume species (blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)), which may be used as green manures in temperate crop systems to acquire P from a soil with different levels of plant‐available P. Three cycles of each legume were grown in a glasshouse over a 6 month period in the same soil type with high (Olsen P: 47 mg kg−1) and low (Olsen P: 9 mg kg−1) levels of plant‐available P. Measurements included above—and below—ground plant biomass and P uptake, in addition to determination of acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities, microbial P, and P fractions in soil at the end of the experiment. In both soils, plant biomass, P uptake, and microbial P were all higher under faba bean compared to blue lupin and chickpea (p &lt; .05). In the low‐P soil, faba bean increased alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity (p &lt; .05). Significant depletion of inorganic P in the soluble (46%–69%), labile (29%–42%), and moderately labile (15%–16%) pools and increase of organic P in the labile (13%–18%) and total (7%–13%) pools occurred under faba bean compared with blue lupin, while changes under chickpea were between those determined for faba bean and blue lupin (p &lt; .05). The findings of this study indicated that inclusion of faba bean green manure may have the potential to improve overall P use efficiency by enhancing mobilization of labile soil inorganic P, although further research is required to investigate mobilization of more stable forms of soil legacy P and quantify the potential of faba bean as a green manure crop under field conditions.

Response of broiler chickens to raw, heat-treated and heat-treated dehulled sweet lupin seed (Lupins angustifolius) meals on feed intake, growth and carcass performances

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the partial substitution of soybean meal with raw and processed lupin seed (Lupinus angustifolius) meals on growth and carcass performances of Cobb 500 broiler chickens. Two hundred unsexed day-old chicks with similar body weight were randomly assigned to four treatment diets in completely randomized design with 5 replicates. The four dietary treatments diets were 0 % lupin seed meal (T1), 15 % raw lupin seed meal (RLS, T2), 15 % heat-treated dehulled lupin seed meal (HDLS, T3) and 15 % heat-treated lupin seed meal (HLS, T4). The CP content of RLS, HDLS, and HLS were 33.5, 37.1, and 35.4 %, respectively. The highest total and daily feed intake was observed in chickens reared in control diet (T1) while the lowest from T2 and T4 diets and differed (p&lt;0.05) with the T1 diet. However, no significance effect was observed in feed conversion ratio among the treatment diets. Chickens fed with T1 diet had higher (p&lt;0.05) final body weight, total and daily weight gains than those reared in T2 and T4 diets while these values were comparable to those fed on T3 diet. Similarly, higher (p&lt;0.05) values were observed for slaughter weight, dressed carcass weight, drumsticks, keel bone meat, wings, neck and back and thorax in chickens fed with T1 diet than those of T2 and T4 diets; but these values did not differ with chickens fed on the T3 diet. The gizzard weight was similar between chickens fed with T1 and T3 diets while those on T2 and T4 diets had lower (p&lt;0.05) values than those of T1 diet. The highest liver weight was observed in T1 diet while the lowest in T2 and differed (p&lt;0.05). In conclusion it would be economically beneficial to replace 15 % of the soybean meal with heat-treated dehulled blue lupin seed meal in broilers ration under tropical environment

Phosphorus absorption kinetics and exudation strategies of roots developed by three lupin species to tackle P deficiency.

Different lupin species exhibited varied biomass, P allocation, and physiological responses to P-deprivation. White and yellow lupins had higher carboxylate exudation rates, while blue lupin showed the highest phosphatase activity. White lupin (Lupinus albus) can produce specialized root structures, called cluster roots, which are adapted to low-phosphorus (P) soil. Blue lupin (L. angustifolius) and yellow lupin (L. luteus), which are two close relatives of white lupin, do not produce cluster roots. This study characterized plant responses to nutrient limitation by analyzing biomass accumulation and P distribution, absorption kinetics and root exudation in white, blue, and yellow lupins. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture with (64µM NaH2PO4) or without P for 31days. Under P limitation, more biomass was allocated to roots to improve P absorption. Furthermore, the relative growth rate of blue lupin showed the strongest inhibition. Under + P conditions, the plant total-P contents of blue lupin and yellow lupin were higher than that of white lupin. To elucidate the responses of lupins via the perspective of absorption kinetics and secretion analysis, blue and yellow lupins were confirmed to have stronger affinity and absorption capacity for orthophosphate after P-deprivation cultivation, whereas white lupin and yellow lupin had greater ability to secrete organic acids. The exudation of blue lupin had higher acid phosphatase activity. This study elucidated that blue lupin was more sensitive to P-scarcity stress and yellow had the greater tolerance of P-deficient condition than either of the other two lupin species. The three lupin species have evolved different adaptation strategies to cope with P deficiency.

Impacts of Different Processes on the Nutritional and Antinutritional Contents of White and Blue Lupin Seeds and Usage Possibilities for Sustainable Poultry Production.

In the current era, it is important to consider economic and ecological sustainability issues while optimally meeting the nutrient needs of poultry. The use and research of alternative feedstuffs have gained importance due to these factors. The aim of this study is to reveal the raw lupin seeds' nutrient ingredients as an alternative feedstuff and the effects of debittering methods. In the present study, two different treatments (germination for 2 days; heat treatment in an autoclave at 130 °C for 20 min) were applied to white and blue lupin seeds, and the differences in nutrient compositions between them and raw seeds were determined. When fatty acid compositions were analyzed, oleic, γ-linolenic, arachidic, behenic, erucic, and lignoceric acid values were found to be the highest in the raw, autoclaved, and germinated forms of white lupin (p < 0.01). The highest values of palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids were observed in blue lupin (p < 0.01). While the value of total quinolizidine alkaloids (QA) in raw white lupin grains was higher than 1.943 mg/g, it was higher than 1.800 mg/g in autoclaved and germination-treated grains. Similarly, the total QA value of raw blue lupin grains was 0.894 mg/g, 0.609 ± 0.244 mg/g in germination-treated seeds, and 0.705 ± 0.282 mg/g in autoclave-treated seeds. As a result of these findings, it can be said that the methods applied for the removal of bitterness gave promising results. Furthermore, it would be rewarding to use these lupin varieties in in vitro and in vivo experiments to reveal the impacts and mechanisms of debittering methods on poultry.

Lupin as a Source of Bioactive Antioxidant Compounds for Food Products.

Four species of lupin (white lupin, yellow lupin, blue lupin and Andean lupin) are widely cropped thanks to the excellent nutritional composition of their seeds: high protein content (28-48 g/100 g); good lipid content (4.6-13.5 g/100 g, but up to 20.0 g/100 g in Andean lupin), especially unsaturated triacylglycerols; and richness in antioxidant compounds like carotenoids, tocols and phenolics. Particularly relevant is the amount of free phenolics, highly bioaccessible in the small intestine. However, the typical bitter and toxic alkaloids must be eliminated before lupin consumption, hindering its diffusion and affecting its nutritional value. This review summarises the results of recent research in lupin composition for the above-mentioned three classes of antioxidant compounds, both in non-debittered and debittered seeds. Additionally, the influence of technological processes to further increase their nutritional value as well as the effects of food manufacturing on antioxidant content were scrutinised. Lupin has been demonstrated to be an outstanding raw material source, superior to most crops and suitable for manufacturing foods with good antioxidant and nutritional properties. The bioaccessibility of lupin antioxidants after digestion of ready-to-eat products still emerges as a dearth in current research.

Nodulation Potential of Annual Sweet Lupins (Lupinus spp. L.) and its Effect on Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Acidic Soils of Western Amhara, Ethiopia

In Ethiopia livestock feed shortage and soil acidity are serious problems. In recent years sweet lupins (white and blue species) were introduced as multipurpose crops in the country. However, there is no information about their nodulation potential. This study was conducted to evaluate nodulation potential of these sweet lupins and their effect on nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) content of the soil. Seven lupin varieties were evaluated using factorial arrangement (seven varieties * two inoculations) in a randomized complete block design in two locations for two years. The result showed that effect of inoculation and location was not significant (P &gt; 0.05) on biomass, seed, nodule number and soil parameters. While the effect of variety was significant (P &lt; 0.05) on nodule parameters. Its effect on dry biomass and seed yields was also significant in either of the years. Variety and year had no effect on soil N and P contents. In the first year, blue sweet lupin entries had the highest nodule number per plant, 222 nodules. In the second year similar nodulation performance was observed among species and varieties. Soil N and P were not affected by varieties and inoculation. In addition to their yield advantage, compared to the sweet white entries, blue sweet lupin varieties had high potential in nodulation. Therefore, these introduced sweet blue lupins can be used as multipurpose crops in acidic soils of Ethiopia.

Therapeutic Applications and Effects of Lupinus angustifolius (Blue Lupin) and Its Components: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Lupinus angustifolius has a unique nutrient profile among legumes and may have beneficial health effects when included in the diet. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological properties of blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), its chemical components, and their relevance for monitoring biological and anthropometric health markers, including triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), BMI, weight, and glycemia, compared with control groups with other kinds of diets. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, updated to December 2023, were searched. Out of the 194 studies identified, a total of 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprising 302 participants met the eligibility criteria. The results of our study indicated that the blue lupin diet has a direct relationship with parameters such as blood glucose, weight, and LDL-C but not with TGs or BMI. In conclusion, the research described in this review clearly indicates that L. angustifolius may play an important role in the dietary prevention of hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Therefore, it would be highly advisable to increase its consumption in diets. However, further studies, ideally in humans, are required to truly establish L. angustifolius's health-promoting properties.

Effects of faba bean, blue lupin and rapeseed meal supplementation on amino acid metabolism of dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets.

Information about the amino acid (AA) supply of locally produced protein supplements to dairy cow metabolism is needed to design sustainable diets for milk production. In this dairy cow experiment, grass silage and cereal-based diets supplemented with isonitrogenous amounts of rapeseed meal (RSM), faba beans (FB) and blue lupin seeds (BL) were compared with a control diet (CON) without protein supplementation. The diets were arranged as a 4×4 Latin Square using periods of 21days, and four rumen-cannulated Nordic Red dairy cows were used in the experiment. The intake of all AAs increased in response to protein supplementation and was for many individual AAs higher when RSM rather than the grain legumes FB and BL were fed. The total AA flow at the omasal canal was 3026, 3371, 3373 and 3045g/day for cows fed CON, RSM, FB and BL, respectively, but only RSM resulted in higher milk protein output. This may be explained by the higher provision of essential AA for milk protein synthesis when RSM was fed. The cows fed FB showed some positive features such as a tendency for greater omasal flow of branched-chain AA compared with BL. Overall, low plasma methionine and/or glucose concentrations in all treatments suggest that their supply was possibly limiting further production responses under the dietary conditions of the current study. It seems that the benefits of grain legume supplementation are limited when high-quality grass silage and cereal-based diets are used as the basal diet, but higher responses in amino acid supply and subsequent production responses can be expected when RSM is used.

The search for commercial sweet white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) adaptive to Ethiopian growing condition seems not successful: what should be done?

The study was conducted to find new adaptive commercial sweet white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) varieties and evaluate the effect of inoculum on herbage and seed yields of white and blue lupin varieties in Ethiopia for two growing seasons in two locations. For the experiment a factorial arrangement (seven variety * two inoculation) in a randomized complete block design with three replication was used. Three sweet blue (Bora, Sanabor and Vitabor), three sweet white (Dieta, Energy and Feodora) and one bitter white local landrace lupin varieties were tested in the experiment. Analysis of variance was done using the general linear model procedure in SAS. The effects of location and inoculum were insignificant (P≥ 0.0761) on yield and yield parameters. The effect of variety was observed (P≤ 0.035) only on plant height, fresh biomass yield and thousand seed weight in both seasons except for fresh biomass yield in season two. However, its effect on other parameters was not shown (P≥ 0.134) in both growing seasons or only shown in either season. The mean dry matter yield of all varieties was 2.45 ton per ha. However, sweet blue entries performed better than white entries. The mean seed yield of blue sweet lupin entries and white local check was 2.6 ton per ha. Sweet blue and white local landrace varieties were found tolerant while, commercial sweet white lupin varieties were susceptible for anthracnose and fusarium diseases that occurred immediately after flowering. As a result imported commercial sweet white varieties failed to give seed yield. Developing adaptive, disease resistant and high yielding sweet white lupin through crossing the local and commercial varieties and looking for species specific inoculum should be the future research agendas.

The assessment of blue lupine varieties according to productivity and adaptability in the conditions of Kirov region

The article provides the results of the comparative study of grain productivity of 7 blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) varieties bred by the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Lupine in the conditions of Kirov region on sod-podzolic light loamy soil. It has been established that the yield of the seeds of blue lupine varied 1.5-2 times over the years of cultivation (2000-2022) depending on the weather conditions. Over 3 years on the average the varieties Bryansky kormovoy and Siderat were the most productive, 46-287 and 281 g/m2, respectively. Even in extremely unfavorable for blue lupine 2022 (by environment condition index of 62) these varieties significantly exceeded the control (Vitayz – 135.8 g/m2) in yield, by 72.9 and 61.1 %. The coefficient of adaptability of the varieties Siderat 46, Smena, Uzkolistny 53, Bryansky kormovoy was over 100 %. The productivity structure elements of blue lupine, namely: the number of beans per plant, the number of grains per bean and mass of 1000 seeds depended on hydrothermal conditions of the growing period. Under favorable conditions the number of beans per plant and the size of seeds increased. The number of grains per bean was the most stable indicator. The average duration of the growing period of lupine varieties was 84-91 days. In hot and dry weather of 2022 the ripening began 5-7 days earlier than long-time average annual periods. The varieties with highly developed side branching had a longer growing period – Bryansky kormovoy, Uzkolistny 53 and. Vitayz. During the year favorable by hydrothermal conditions the raw protein content in lupine seeds was 30.8-36.5 %. In unfavorable years it decreased by 20-45 % depending on the variety.

Influence of cover crops on soybean yield and partial returns as an alternative to double‐crop soybean in Arkansas

AbstractThe number of hectares dedicated to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the southern United States has been trending downward for almost a decade, presenting an opportunity for producers to utilize alternatives in their soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations, such as winter cover crops. A study was established to compare the cover crops to traditional cropping systems by determining the effect each had on a successive soybean crop and to examine partial economic returns. Cropping systems implemented were winter fallow, winter wheat, and seven cover crop treatments, including cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), black‐seeded oat (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L.), blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), Blend 1 (cereal rye, crimson clover [Trifolium incarnatum L.], seven‐top turnip [Brassica rapa L.]). and Blend 2 (black‐seeded oats and Austrian winter pea). The winter cropping system did not affect the soybean plant population (p = 0.32). Soybean grain yield varied among the different winter cropping systems (p &lt; 0.01) with yields ranging from 3346 to 3906 kg ha−1. The soybean double‐crop system ($1383.02 ha−1) and soybean following winter cover crops ($1239–1380 ha−1) produced similar partial returns but both were greater than soybean following winter fallow ($1217.81 ha−1) (p &lt; 0.01). Soybean yields and partial returns were the highest when following Blend 2. Results of this study showed that winter cover crops can provide an adequate alternative to both winter fallow and traditional winter wheat soybean double‐crop systems in the mid‐southern United States.

Winter cover crops to reduce herbicide inputs into spring-planted maize pastoral systems in New Zealand

ABSTRACT The use of cover crops can improve the environmental sustainability of intensive cropping systems. A five-year field trial was undertaken to evaluate the effect of multi-season cover cropping on weed suppression within a no-till spring-planted maize system in the Waikato region in New Zealand. Five cover crop treatments were compared: gland clover (Trifolium glanduliferum Boiss.); faba bean (Vicia faba L); oats (Avena sativa L.); and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and winter fallow. The results demonstrated that in this system, herbicide treatments can be reduced to one application to terminate the winter cover crop and a single maize post-emergence application, thus reducing selection pressure for herbicide-resistance, without any loss in silage or grain production. Furthermore, a legume-based cover crop gave higher yields than the grass cover-crops and reduced the damage by the maize and grass pest cosmopolitan armyworm (Mythimna separata Walker). The build-up of crop residue over time was detrimental to the establishment of the small-seeded clover and ryegrass cover crops but good weed suppression and grain yields were achieved in the final season by replacing them respectively with the larger seeded woolly pod vetch (Vicia eriocarpa (Hausskn.) Halácsy) and a blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)/ mustard (Sinapis alba L.) mix.

A Shortlisting Framework for Crop Diversification in the United Kingdom

We present a systematic framework for nationwide crop suitability assessment within the UK to improve the resilience in cropping systems and nutrition security of the UK population. An initial suitability analysis was performed using data from 1842 crops at 2862 grid locations within the UK, using climate (temperature and rainfall) and soil (pH, depth, and texture) data from the UK Met Office and British Geological Survey. In the second phase, additional qualitative and quantitative data are collected on 56 crops with the highest pedoclimatic suitability and coverage across the UK. An exercise was conducted on crops within each category using a systematic ranking methodology that shortlists crops with high value across a multitude of traits. Crops were ranked based on their nutritional value (macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals) and on adaptive (resistance to waterlogging/flood, frost, shade, pest, weed, and diseases and suitability in poor soils) and physiological traits (water-use efficiency and yield). Other characteristics such as the number of special uses, available germplasm through the number of institutions working on the crops, and production knowledge were considered in shortlisting. The shortlisted crops in each category are bulbous barley (cereal), colonial bentgrass (fodder), Russian wildrye (forage), sea buckthorn (fruit), blue lupin (legume), shoestring acacia (nut), ochrus vetch (vegetable), spear wattle (industrial), scallion (medicinal), and velvet bentgrass (ornamental/landscape). These crops were identified as suitable crops that can be adopted in the UK. We further discuss steps in mainstreaming these and other potential crops based on a systematic framework that takes into account local farming system issues, land suitability, and crop performance modelling at the field scale across the UK.

Co-sensitization between legumes is frequently seen, but variable and not always clinically relevant.

Food allergy to peanut and soybean, both legumes, is highly prevalent. The consumption of other legumes and legume protein isolates, some of which may be considered novel foods, is increasing. This may lead to an increase in sensitization and allergy and may pose a risk for legume-allergic (e.g. peanut and soybean) patients due to cross-reactivity. This study investigated the frequency of co-sensitization and co-allergy between legumes and the role of different protein families. Six legume-allergic patient groups were included: peanut (n = 30), soybean (n = 30), lupine (n = 30), green pea (n = 30), lentil (n = 17), bean (n = 9). IgE binding to total extracts, protein fractions (7S/11S globulin, 2S albumin, albumin), and 16 individual proteins from 10 legumes (black lentil, blue lupine, chickpea, faba bean, green lentil, pea, peanut, soybean, white bean, and white lupine) was measured by line blot. Co-sensitization varied from 36.7% to 100%. Mono-sensitization was only found in soybean (16.7%), peanut (10%), and green pea-allergic (3.3%) patients. A high frequency of co-sensitization between the 7S/11S globulin fractions of all 10 legumes and individual 7S and 11S globulins was observed. In peanut and soybean-allergic patients, co-allergies for other legumes were uncommon (≤16,7%), while in green pea, lupine, lentil, and bean-allergic patients co-allergy for peanut (64.7%-77.8%) or soybean (50%-64.7%) was frequently seen. Co-sensitization between legumes was high, but generally not clinically relevant. Co-allergy to other legumes was not often seen in peanut- and soybean allergic patients. The 7S and 11S globulins were likely responsible for the observed co-sensitization.

Source-Supported Suspect Screening (4S) of Phytotoxins in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments: A Field Study of Lupinus angustifolius L. (Blue Lupin).

Phytotoxins (PTs) are bioactive secondary metabolites produced by plants. More recently, they have been recognized as important aquatic micropollutants. Despite that, only a few PTs have been detected and reported in terrestrial and aquatic environments, while their source and leaching pathways remain largely unclear. Herein, we established a novel approach named source-supported suspect screening (4S) to discover PTs in different environments, investigate their environmental occurrences, identify their sources, and initiate discussions on their leaching mechanisms. The 4S-approach was demonstrated on a five-month Lupinus angustifolius L. (L. angustifolius) crop field experiment, where plant, topsoil, drainage water, and surface water were sampled and analyzed. As a result, 72 PTs (flavonoids and alkaloids) were identified at high confidence, with 10 PTs fully confirmed. Fifty-three PTs detected in soil or water were linked to L. angustifolius, among which 26 PTs were coherently detected in all three environmental compartments. The occurrence and abundance of PTs in terrestrial soil and aquatic environments were influenced by the plant growth stage and precipitation. Soil served as an intermedium when PTs leached from L. angustifolius to the drainage water, while the degree of retardation and eventual occurrence in the aquatic environment depended on both PTs and soil physico-chemical properties.

The use of lupine flour in pasta production

A study was made of the possibility of using lupine flour, produced from the seeds of blue lupine and white lupine, in the production of pasta. The possibility of using lupine flour in an amount of up to 15% by weight of durum wheat flour for pasta of the highest grade has been established in order to enrich pasta with biologically valuable nutrients without a noticeable deterioration in physicochemical and organoleptic indicators.

Nutrients, Phytic Acid and Bioactive Compounds in Marketable Pulses.

Pulses are edible seeds of plants belonging to the legume family, which are of great importance for human and animal nutrition. In this study, several nutrients, antinutrients and bioactive compounds were quantified in the seeds of ten pulses, i.e., common and runner beans, field peas, lupins (white, blue and yellow), faba beans, lentils (brown and red) and chickpeas. Homogenised, air-dried seed samples were analysed for various parameters: protein (18.0-43.1%), fat (0.6-18.5%) and phytic acid content (507-2566 mg/100 g dry weight (DW)), phenolic profile (27 phenolic compounds in total) and multi-mineral composition. The analysed phenolic compounds mainly belong to phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids) and/or flavonoids (flavones, flavonols and flavanols). Total phenolic content (TPC) ranged from 719 μg/g DW in chickpeas to 5012 μg/g DW in common beans. A total of ten elements belonging to macro- (Mg, P, S, K and Ca) and micro-minerals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn and Mo) were determined. Using cluster analysis, pulses were divided into three groups according to the parameters studied: 1. common and runner bean; 2. field pea, white and blue lupin, faba bean, red and brown lentil and chickpea; and 3. yellow lupin. The most varying phytochemicals in terms of their content in the analysed pulses were phytic acid, quinic acid, catechin and TPC. A perfect positive significant Pearson correlation (1.00) was observed for six pairs of variables within the group of phenolic compounds.

Селекционная ценность взаимосвязи хозяйственно ценных признаков с элементами проводящей системы у сортов и сортообразцов люпина узколистного с разными типами ветвления

Данная статья раскрывает возможность использования в селекционном отборе косвенных признаков при выделении элитных растений. Особенно это важно для форм с ограниченным боковым ветвлением. Первые формы мутантного происхождения были получены в начале 80-х годов прошлого века. Но некоторые аспекты генотипов таких растений не изучены до сих пор. При планировании исследований было высказано предположение о возможных изменениях элементов проводящей системы у образцов с редукцией габитуса. Работа проводилась на опытной селекционной станции им. Лисицына РГАУ–МСХА в 2011–2012 годах. Цель исследования состояла в сравнительной оценке элементов проводящей системы у сортообразцов люпина узколистного (Lupinus angustifolius L.), отличающихся по типу ветвления, а также в определении возможной взаимосвязи с хозяйственно ценными признаками. Было проанализировано восемь сортообразцов, различающихся по типу побегообразования, хозяйственно ценным признакам и эколого-географическому происхождению. В опыте участвовали индетерминантные, детерминантные и фасциированные формы. Сортообразцы имели различия не только по архитектонике, но и по методам создания. Были представлены варианты как мутантного происхождения, так и созданные при помощи внутривидовой гибридизации. Полученная информация предполагалась к использованию в селекционном процессе в качестве вспомогательного инструмента при отборе элитных растений у образцов с ограниченным боковым ветвлением. Результаты исследований не дали чёткого ответа на данный вопрос. Заметные изменения проводящей системы отмечены у только фасциированной формы Л-253. Можно предположить, что больший диаметр пучков в верхней части растения и наибольшее количество проводящих пучков связаны с особенностями роста данной формы, она имеет фасциированный стебель. У всех индетерминантных и детерминантных образцов площадь проводящих пучков, продвигаясь сверху вниз, увеличивалась. This article deals with traits indirectly indicating valuable genotypes that are particularly important for plants with lateral branching. Even though the first mutants appeared in the 1980th there was a number of characteristics of such genotypes that were still studied poorly. The hypothesis of this research proposed a possible variation in plant vascular systems under growth limitations. This investigation took place at the Research Station of Plant Breeding n. a. P. I. Lisitsyn of the Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University in 2011–2012. An aim was to test vascular systems of the genotypes of blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) with different branching types and their correlation with economically important traits. Eight genotypes were analyzed including indeterminate, determinate and fasciated plant forms that showed variations in shoot branching, economically important traits and geographical origin. Genotypes obtained via both mutagenesis or intraspecific hybridization were morphologically different as well. The data obtained would be useful when selecting elite genotypes with limited lateral branching however the results were indecisive. Only fasciated plant form such as L-253 showed significant variation in its vascular system. Apparently, an increase in a bundle diameter of the genotype with a fasciated stem and the number of vascular bundles was associated with its growth characteristics. In all the indeterminate and determinate plants, the area of the vascular bundles grew from top to bottom.

HSQC‐NMR‐based profiling approaches for raffinose family oligosaccharides in pulses

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDue to insufficient resolution, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy‐based methods are limited to quantify carbohydrates. In the past, heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC)‐based methods were demonstrated to be superior as the second dimension greatly improves resolution. However, whether these experiments are also suitable to determine structurally similar oligosaccharides such as raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) still needs to be demonstrated.FindingsBy optimizing NMR parameters, well resolved signals for the analysis of glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose and the RFO raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose were identified. Application of fast HSQC methods in combination with nonuniform sampling enables analyses of sucrose and RFO in pulses (blue lupin seeds, red lentils, kidney beans) within 24 min. If the analytes are present at levels greater than 0.5 g/100 g, HSQC‐based methods provide data equivalent to an anion‐exchange chromatography‐based reference method.ConclusionsHigh resolution fast HSQC‐based approaches are suitable tools to analyze complex carbohydrate mixtures as demonstrated for RFO in different pulses.Significance and NoveltyFast HSQC experiments were applied for the first time to analyze structurally similar oligosaccharides. In the future, this approach will be a most valuable tool to analyze complex mixtures of carbohydrates in food products.