Blue Covarine Research Articles

Maintenance of dental bleaching: A systematic review

After bleaching procedure, color pigments can adhere to the rough dental surface and can trigger more discoloration. In this sense, no standard post-bleaching maintenance technique exists. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the maintenance of enamel color after bleaching procedure through a systematic review. The research question was defined as follows: Is the tooth whitening maintenance necessary after a bleaching treatment? Two reviewers conducted the literature search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and SciELO. Both in vitro and clinical trials reporting the color change of bleached enamel after the use of a tooth whitening agent were included in the review. The risk of bias in the included manuscripts was evaluated using the RoBDEMAT tool. A total of 11 articles were included in the qualitative analysis. Due to the lack of groups for comparison, a meta-analysis could not be conducted. The whitening maintenance procedures identified were remineralizing agents, antioxidants, over-the-counter agents, toothpaste containing Blue Covarine, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride paste, 0.05% sodium fluoride mouthwash, arginine, nano-hydroxyapatite, nano-carbonate apatite, and CO2 laser. In conclusion, tooth whitening maintenance could be achieved by using some agents. The association of these agents might be beneficial for maintaining the color of the enamel throughout 12 months following bleaching procedure.

The effect of whitening toothpastes on the surface properties and color stability of different ceramic materials

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of whitening toothpastes on the surface roughness and colour change of CAD-CAM materials.Materials and methodsA total of 96 samples (2 × 10 × 12 mm3) were prepared from Cerasmart (CS) and Celtra Duo blocks. Celtra Duo samples were divided into two groups. One group was fired with glaze paste (CDG) and the other was not treated (CD). All groups were then divided into 4 subgroups (n = 8). The groups were brushed with conventional (Colgate™ Max Fresh), silica (Opalescence™), charcoal (Curaprox™ Black in White) and blue covarine (Signal™ White Now) toothpastes for 30,000 brushing cycles. The initial and final surface roughness values were measured with contact profilometer and a dental spectrophotometer used for obtaining colour values. One sample from each brushed group was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. Data was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p = 0.05).ResultsThe surface roughness of CS samples brushed with Opalescence™ and Curaprox™ was significantly higher than CD and CDG. Surface roughness change values of CS samples brushed with Curaprox™ were significantly higher than the CD and CDG. Curaprox™ brushed samples showed significant difference in colour change values for all materials.ConclusionsBrushing increases the surface roughness of CAD-CAM ceramic materials. The roughness of resin-based materials is higher than zirconia-reinforced lithium silicates. Silica-contained toothpastes may cause discoloration of nanoceramic and zirconia-reinforced glass ceramic restorations.Clinical relevanceIt should be clinically considered that whitening toothpastes may cause roughness in ceramic materials and change the desired color.

Which Whitening Mouthwash With Different Ingredients Is More Effective on Color and Bond Strength of Enamel?

To examine the effects of six whitening mouthwashes on tooth color and immediate bond strength to the enamel. Human incisors were divided into seven groups (n = 10) according to mouthwashes (R.O.C.S Black Edition White, Splat White Plus, Colgate Plax White Charcoal, Signal White Now, Listerine Advanced White, Colgate Optic White, and distilled water). After the initial color measurements, the teeth were exposed to mouthwash for 4 weeks. Then, the color measurements were repeated. Then, cylindrical composite resin blocks were immediately applied to the enamel surfaces and subjected to shear bond strength tests. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). Δ𝑏, Δ𝐿, and ΔE00 values did not present significant differences among the groups. Significant differences among the groups were determined for Δ𝑎 and ΔWID values (p < 0.05). R.O.C.S Black Edition White and Splat White Plus produced clinically acceptable color changes. Signal White Now, Splat White Plus, and Listerine Advanced White created acceptable whiteness changes. The mouthwashes did not statistically affect the bond strength compared to the distilled water (p > 0.05). Whitening mouthwash containing blue covarine revealed more acceptable color and whitening changes. Mouthwash containing charcoal led to the lowest enamel bond strength values. The content of whitening mouthwashes affected the degree of tooth whitening and shear bond strength to enamel.

Examination of cytotoxic and antimicrobial effect of whitening toothpastes: an in vitro study.

Toothpastes are widely used to protect oral and teeth health. This study aims to examine the cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of whitening toothpastes. In this study, extracts were prepared according to ISO 10993-12:2021 standard (0.2 g/mL) using whitening and conventional toothpastes. The prepared extracts were added to human gingival fibroblast cell lines (HGF-1) in different dilutions (1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, and 1:32) and a cytotoxicity test was performed. Antimicrobial analysis of toothpastes was performed on Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans using the hole-plate diffusion method. Cell viability and microbial analysis data were examined using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc test (p < 0.05). Toothpastes with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in their composition showed statistically more toxic effects (p < 0.05). The activated carbon toothpastes without SLS showed over 90% cell viability after dilution. Although the dilution rate of toothpastes containing SLS increased, cell viability remained below 70%. All toothpastes used in the study showed antimicrobial effects on S. mutans, S. aureus, and C. albicans. Toothpaste containing hydrogen peroxide and SLS produced more antibacterial effects than activated carbon, blue covarine, microparticles, and conventional toothpaste. SLS-containing toothpastes showed more toxicity on HGF-1 cells. Toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite did not show toxic effects on HGF-1 cells. SLS, sodium lauryl sarcosinate and hydrogen peroxide in toothpastes increase antimicrobial effects.

At-home bleaching versus whitening toothpastes for treatment of tooth discoloration: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

This study aimed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of whitening toothpastes and at-home bleaching for the treatment of tooth discoloration. A cost-effectiveness economic analysis was conducted, and eight randomized clinical trials were selected based on the whitening agent product used: blue covarine dentifrices (BCD), hydrogen peroxide dentifrices (HPD), dentifrices without bleaching agents (CD, negative control), and 10% carbamide peroxide (CP10, positive control) for at-home bleaching. The consumer/patient perspective was adopted, macro-costing techniques were used and a decision tree model was performed considering the costs in the American and Brazilian markets. The color change evaluation (ΔE*ab) was used to calculate the effectiveness of tooth bleaching. A probabilistic analysis was performed using a Monte Carlo simulation and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were obtained. CP10 resulted in the highest cost-effectiveness compared to the use of dentifrices in both markets. In Brazil, HPD was more cost-effective than BCD and CD. In the US, the increased costs of HPD and BCD did not generate any whitening benefit compared to CD. CP10 was more cost-effective than BCD and HPD for tooth bleaching from the perspectives of the Brazilian and American markets. Decision-making should consider the use of CP10 for treating tooth discoloration.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WHITENING TOOTHPASTES ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF YOUNG HUMAN ENAMEL

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the whitening toothpastes effect of surface roughness in young permanent human enamel. Methods: In this in vitro study, 100 premolars were sectioned, mounted and stored. All teeth were divided into 10 experimental groups (n=10). The specimens were brushed 3600 cycles (equivalent 12-week brushing) with a brushing machine using 25 g of each toothpaste mixed with 40 ml of distilled water. The surface profile of the teeth was measured a profilometric device before and after brushing, respectively. Each teeth surface roughness measured three times and averaged. Results: In five groups which toothpastes containing bromelain, nano hydroxyapatite, silica, blue covarine and charcoal the decrease in surface roughness was found statistically significant (p&lt;0.05), except toothpastes groups containing hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide, microbeads, hydroxyapatite and water. In toothpastes groups containing hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide and microbeads group’s surface roughness values were increased but not statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of initial and after brushing surface roughness values. Conclusion: According to the results of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide and microbeads based whitening toothpastes increased the surface roughness of young permanent human tooth; had not provide smoother surface on tooth after 3600 cycles brushing. This study emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals to be aware of the whitening products usage for teenagers and make evidence-based decisions when recommending the product to patients.

Effect of whitening toothpastes on the surface roughness and microhardness of human teeth—an in vitro study

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of whitening toothpastes on the surface roughness and microhardness of human teeth.MethodologySurface roughness was estimated using the Talysurf instrument, and microhardness was estimated using the Vickers hardness tester before and after the application of whitening toothpastes on mounted extracted human teeth.ResultsIn the activated charcoal group, there was a reduction in the surface roughness from 1.21 at baseline to 1.09 at 1 month and a further reduction to 1.02 at 3 months, which was found to be statistically significant. However, no statistically significant difference in surface roughness was found in the other toothpaste groups. With respect to microhardness, all 4 whitening toothpastes showed a statistically significant reduction in microhardness after 3 months of brushing. However, the reduction was significantly higher in group 2 and in group 4 compared to the others.ConclusionThis study showed that whitening toothpaste containing activated charcoal significantly reduced the surface roughness, whereas toothpastes with blue covarine and toothpastes containing activated charcoal significantly reduced the microhardness of the tooth.Clinical relevanceThis study emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals to be aware of the potential disadvantages of whitening toothpastes and make evidence-based decisions when recommending the product to patients.

In Vitro evaluation of the effects of whitening toothpastes on the color and surface roughness of different composite resin materials

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of traditional and whitening toothpastes on the color and surface roughness of different composite resin materials.MethodsEighty disc-shaped samples were prepared for each of the following composite resins: nano-hybrid (Filtek Ultimate Universal; 3 M/ESPE, Saint Paul, USA), micro-hybrid (Charisma Smart; Kulzer, Hanau, Germany) and supra-nano-filled (Omnichroma; Tokuyama, Tokyo, Japan). Each composite-resin sample was randomly divided into the following four subgroups (n = 20 per group): Group 1, control; Group 2, traditional toothpaste (Colgate Total 12; Colgate Palmolive, New York, USA); Group 3, peroxide-based toothpaste (Colgate Optic White; Colgate-Palmolive, New York, USA); and Group 4, blue covarine-based toothpaste (Meridol Gentle White; CP-GABA, Hamburg, Germany). The samples for the toothpaste subgroups were immersed in a coffee solution for 10 min and washed twice a day before each brushing cycle. The specimens were brushed for 30 days. Color analyses were performed using a spectrophotometer (SpectroShade Micro, MHT, Italy). Surface roughness analyses were conducted using a profilometer (Surftest SJ-210 Mitutoyo, Tokyo, Japon). The color and surface roughness analyses were performed at baseline and 1, 7 and 30 days after each treatment. Furthermore, surface topography analysis was performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG 250-FeiQuanta, the Netherlands). The data were analysed with a three-way robust ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc correction (p < 0.05).ResultsThe smallest color change was observed for the micro-hybrid composite resin, and the greatest color change was observed for the nano-hybrid composite resin. Based on the tested composite resin samples, the greatest color change was obtained after using blue covarine–based toothpaste, while the smallest color change was observed after using peroxide-based toothpaste. Moreover, the supra-nano-filled composite resin samples exhibited the lowest roughness values (robust ANOVA test, p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean values of roughness for the composite, group and time interaction (p = 0.937).ConclusionCharisma Smart composite resin exhibited significantly lower staining than all the other composite resins tested after using all toothpastes included in the study. Further laboratory and clinical studies are needed to fully understand the long-term effectiveness of whitening toothpaste on composite resin materials.

Research Paper: Effects of Three Different Whitening Mouth Rinses on the Color Recovery of Stained Teeth

Aims|: Tooth color is an important factor in smile esthetics. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of three different whitening mouth rinses on color recovery of teeth with surface staining. Materials and methods: Thirty-two bovine incisors were used in this invitro study. First, the teeth were stained by being immersed in a tea solution for 14 days and then randomly assigned to four groups based on the type of mouth rinse used (n=8): C: control (distilled water); ZSW: Zenon Smart White (containing pyrophosphate and triphosphate); PCW: Pasta del Capitano Whitening (containing Plasdone); SWN: Signal White Now (containing Blue Covarine). Colorimetry was carried out using a spectrophotometer at baseline, after staining, and 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after immersion in mouth rinses. The data were analyzed with CIELab parameters and ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, and Tukey tests (α=0.05). Results: The mouth rinses decreased tooth staining. The mouth rinses resulted in significant color changes compared to the controls (Ppcw=0.028 and Pzsw=0.002), except for the SWN mouth rinse. The color recovery of the teeth by ZSW mouth rinse, compared to the baseline, was in the clinically acceptable range (ΔE&lt;3.3), and the difference from the control group was borderline (P=0.05). Conclusion: A relative recovery of tooth colors was only achieved using the ZSW mouth rinse, which contains pyrophosphate and triphosphate compounds.

Whitening Optical Effect of New Chewing Gums

Background: Today, many treatments are available to enhance the color of teeth, but they require a few days to weeks to deliver this effect. Objective: To evaluate the instantaneous optical whitening effect of two new sugar-free chewing gums and one dentifrice of proven efficacy versus one placebo chewing gum. Methods: This was a single-blind, parallel trial. 424 participants entered the study and were randomly allocated to four groups. They received a personal silicone mask with a calibrated hole at one upper incisor to apply a dental colorimeter. The tools tested were chewing-gum containing indigotine (E132-FD&amp;C Blue 2) and spirulina, chewing-gum containing only spirulina, chewing-gum placebo, and dentifrice containing Blue Covarine. Vita® Easyshade scored the tooth color, and the WIO and WID whiteness indexes were calculated. For chewing gums, the color of the teeth was scored before the assumption and after 2’30” of mastication. For dentifrice, participants brushed for 1’30”, then rinsed, and the color was scored before brushing and after 2’30”. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc. Results: The two experimental whitening chewing gums and the dentifrice significantly increased the WIO and the WID indexes from the baselines (p&lt;0.001). Moreover, their effects were statistically greater than those reported for the placebo chewing gum (p&lt;0.05) but not significatively different among them (p=NS). Conclusion: All the tested whitening tools showed an instant optical whitening perception. Further studies are required to assess the intensity of the effect over a prolonged time to meet the people's request for fast whitening tools. The clinical trial registration no. is PVM-2020-01.

Effects of Whitening Dentifrices on the Enamel Color, Surface Roughness, and Morphology

The aim of this study was to evaluate the whitening and abrasion effects of dentifrices containing different whitening agents on artificially stained and unstained enamel. 160 human dental enamel discs were distributed into four groups according to the type of dentifrices applied on them (n=40): Group I, non-whitening dentifrice (control group); Group II, dentifrice containing charcoal; Group III, dentifrice containing blue covarine; Group IV, dentifrice containing hydrogen peroxide. Half of the specimens in each group were immersed in coffee solution. Color measurements were evaluated from stained and unstained specimens before and after brushing by a spectrophotometer. The surface roughness of each unstained specimen was analyzed using a profilometer after the brushing and bleaching. The surface of one randomly selected specimen from each group was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis of the color change was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The one-way ANOVA was used to evaluate surface roughness. Group III provided significantly higher recovery on ∆E00 values than other groups on the unstained enamel (p&lt;0.05). Group IV showed significantly the highest ∆E00 values on stained enamel (p&lt;0.05) and also Group IV showed the highest surface roughness values (p&lt;0.05), SEM revealed a more irregular surface in groups III and IV. It can be stated that dentifrice containing blue covarine is both an effective and a safe way to provide whiter teeth with routine home tooth brushing.

The influence of the CIELAB parameters on the perception of color after the use of whitening toothpastes

Aim: To evaluate the influence of the parameters L* a* b* on the variation of the color of bovine tooth enamel submitted to artificial darkening, after simulated brushing, with whitening toothpastes containing blue covarine. Methods: To undertake this study in vitro, 60 specimens (SP) were divided into 6 groups (n=10): control group (CGwater) and 5 test groups (GT1-Colgate Total 12, GT2-Oral-B 3D White Perfection, GT3- Colgate Luminous Instant White, GT4-CloseUp White Diamond Attraction, GT5-Sorriso Xtreme White). The specimens were darkened with coffee and submitted to simulated brushing for 6, 12, and 24 months. The alteration in the color was evaluated using CIELAB parameters and the ΔL, Δa, Δb and ΔE were calculated. The data was analyzed through generalized linear models using the R program and considering a level of significance of 5%. Results: The parameters L*, a* and the ΔL, Δa obtained better results in the test group than in the control group. There were no statistical differences between CG and the test groups for the evaluation of the b* parameter. In the evaluation of the Δb, the GT3 differed statistically from the CG. In relation to the ΔE, all the group tests showed a variation in color statistically greater than that of the CG and the GT4 showed the greatest variation, not differing from the GT3 during the periods studied. Conclusion: The mechanical and optical whitening agents positively influenced the values L*a* and b*, as well as in its variations and in the ΔE. It is important to emphasize, however, that to analyze tooth whitening it is necessary to evaluate their parameters together.

Blue Covarine Toothpaste versus Office Whitening: Which is the Most Effective on Stained Teeth?

AbstractAlternative whitening strategies to hydrogen peroxide have been proposed, such as the inclusion of abrasive and/or pigmented particles in the toothpaste. This study compared the whitening effectiveness of a toothpaste containing Blue Covarine (BC) vs. an in-office whitening treatment using 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) in teeth stained. Bovine incisors blocks (6.0x6.0x2.0 mm) were stained with green tea (GT), orange soda (OS), or red wine (RW). The samples were randomly assigned into 8 groups (n=15), according to the type of staining and whitening treatment: G1 – no staining, BC (Control); G2 – no staining, HP (Control); G3 – GT, BC; G4 – GT, HP; G5 – OS, BC; G6 – OS, HP; G7 – RW, BC; G8 – RW, HP. Color change (ΔE), luminosity (L*), green-red axis (a*), and blue-yellow axis (b*) were recorded with spectroscopy at T0 – baseline, T1 – immediately after toothbrushing or in-office tooth whitening, and T2 – after the conclusion of the treatments. The whiteness index for dentistry (WID) was calculated. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated measured mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni test (α=0.05). HP showed a better whitening performance (ΔE) (p ≤ 0.042). Otherwise, no effects of the whitening agent were observed (p = 1.000). Data from ΔL, Δa, and Δb showed statistically significant differences for experimental groups (p &lt; 0.001). In the WID analysis, BC and HP had similar effects within control and RW groups. In conclusion, blue covarine toothpaste may be a viable option for extrinsically stained teeth. However, for severe staining, HP-based whitening agents proved to be the most effective treatment strategy.Keywords: Tooth Bleaching. Dentifrices. Color. ResumoEstratégias de clareamento alternativas ao peróxido de hidrogênio têm sido propostas, como a inclusão de partículas abrasivas e/ou pigmentadas nos cremes dentais. Este estudo comparou a eficácia clareadora de um creme dental contendo Blue Covarine (BC) com um tratamento de clareamento em consultório com peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% (HP) em dentes pigmentados. Blocos de incisivos bovinos (6,0x6,0x2,0 mm) foram pigmentados com chá verde (GT), refrigerante de laranja (OS) ou vinho tinto (RW). As amostras foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em 8 grupos (n = 15), de acordo com o tipo de pigmento e tratamento clareador: G1 - sem coloração, CB (Controle); G2 - sem coloração, HP (Controle); G3 - GT, BC; G4 - GT, HP; G5 - OS, BC; G6 - SO, HP; G7 - RW, BC; G8 - RW, HP. Mudança de cor (ΔE), luminosidade (L *), eixo verde-vermelho (a*) e eixo azul-amarelo (b*) foram registrados com espectroscopia em T0 - baseline, T1 - imediatamente após a escovação ou clareamento dental em consultório, e T2 - após a conclusão dos tratamentos. O índice de brancura para odontologia (WID) foi calculado. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA mista de duas vidas para medidas repetidas e teste de Bonferroni (α = 0,05). HP apresentou melhor desempenho de clareamento (ΔE) (p ≤ 0,042). Os dados de ΔL, Δa e Δb mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para os grupos experimentais (p &lt;0,001). Na análise WID, BC e HP tiveram efeitos semelhantes nos grupos controle e RW. Em conclusão, o creme dental covarine azul pode ser uma opção viável para dentes com coloração extrínseca. No entanto, para manchas graves, os agentes de clareamento à base de HP provaram ser a estratégia de tratamento mais eficaz.Palavras-chave: Clareamento Dental. Dentifrícios. Cor.

Investigation of surface roughness values of various restorative materials after brushing with blue covarine containing whitening toothpaste by two different methods: AFM and profilometer.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of whitening toothpaste on the surface roughness of resin-based restorative materials by different measurement methods. Twenty four specimens from each of human enamel, a microhybrid composite and two nanohybrid composites discs (8.0 diameter × 4.0 mm thick) were divided into two groups (n=12) according to toothbrushing solutıon and subjected to simulation toothbrushing (30,000 cycles) with both distilled water and whitening toothpaste containing blue covarine. Surface roughness was examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), profilometer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the data obtained were subjected to analysis. Ra values of Tescera (TES) were significantly higher than Sonicfill 2 (SF2) when brushing both toothbrushing solutions for initial or 30,000 cycles. Roughness increased for SF2 and TES when brushed for 30,000 cycles and was higher than enamel and Herculite XRV Ultra (HXU). Human enamel was obtained lower surface roughness values brushed with toothpaste compared with distilled water. Evaluation of the surface roughness of control groups using the AFM revealed no statistically significant difference between the groups, but significant differences were found using a profilometer. The use of abrasive whitening toothpaste containing blue covarine and the number of brushing cycles affect the surface properties of human enamel and the restorative material, and also, the clinical success of the restoration. Toothbrushing for 30,000 cycles increased the surface roughness of all materials. The type of toothbrushing solution partially has affected surface roughness.

Determination of the Whitening Effect of Toothpastes on Human Teeth

Objective: The desire of individuals to have whiter teeth increases the interest in tooth whitening products. Our aim was to in vitro study the whitening effect of hydrogen peroxide, blue covarine and active charcoal containing whitening toothpastes on human teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 extracted human incisor teeth were used in the study. To measure the whitening effect of toothpastes, the teeth were divided into four subgroups and placed in the phantom tooth jaw model. Then, daily brushing was done with an electric toothbrush. The colors of the teeth were measured initially using the spectrophotometer (single point and bleached shade mode) and at the end of 7th, 14th and 28th days. Whitening effectiveness of toothpastes were studied according to CIEDE2000 formula (∆E00) and shade guide units (SGU). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were used in the statistical analysis of the data. (p&lt;0.05). Results: Activated charcoal containing toothpaste showed the greatest whitening effect at the end of 7th, 14th and 28th days (p&lt;0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the whitening effects of hydrogen peroxide and conventional toothpaste (p&gt;0.05). Blue covarine containing toothpaste had statistically the lowest whitening effect (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: All toothpastes showed a whitening effect on the teeth after 7 days of use. Activated charcoal containing toothpaste showed more whitening effect after 28 days of use than hydrogen peroxide, blue covarine and traditional toothpaste.

The whitening effect of single brushing with blue-covarine containing toothpaste—A randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether a blue covarine containing silica-based toothpaste promotes a whitening effect immediately after tooth brushing. MethodsA triple-blind, parallel group, randomized design was used to compare the tooth color before and after brushing. Two silica-based toothpastes were chosen, one of them containing blue covarine (BCT) and the other one without pigment to serve as control (CT). Tooth color was measured using a spectrophotometer and expressed as CIEDE 2000 ΔE, CIELAB values, WIO index, WID index and VITA scale tooth shade. In addition, the participants’ satisfaction with and perception of their own tooth color were registered using an aesthetic numeric analogue scale. ResultsNo significant changes in color components or dimensions measured using CIEDE 2000 ΔE (CT: mean = 1.3, 95% CI 0.8, 1.7; BCT: mean = 1.6, 95% CI 1.2, 2.1), WIO, WID, VITA scale or CIELAB values were detected for the CT and BCT groups, comparing the results before and after brushing. Likewise, the participants’ satisfaction with the treatment results (P = 0.31) and the participants’ evaluation of tooth color (P = 0.71) did not differ significantly between groups. ConclusionAfter a single application, no significant improvement in tooth whiteness by the presence of blue covarine in a silica-based toothpaste was detected in color dimensions or by assessing the participants’ satisfaction and perception. Clinical significanceThe present study does not show a clinically relevant increase in tooth whiteness after a single brushing with a blue covarine containing toothpaste, nor could the study participants observe a difference between treatment with blue covarine containing toothpaste and control treatment.

A silica toothpaste containing blue covarine: a new technological breakthrough in whitening

There continues to be a demand from consumers and patients for products that whiten teeth. These products are generally either peroxide-based bleaching formats to improve intrinsic tooth colour or whitening toothpastes with enhanced physical and chemical cleaning properties to remove and prevent extrinsic tooth stain. Through the understanding of colour science and its application to tooth colour a new approach to tooth whitening is now possible from toothpaste. This is achieved by the deposition of blue covarine onto the tooth surface where it changes the optical properties of the teeth such that their appearance is both measurably and perceivably whiter immediately after treatment. In vitro and in vivo studies confirm the efficacy of this whitening approach in a silica based whitening toothpaste containing blue covarine. In addition, this toothpaste has been shown not to have an undue degree of abrasivity to enamel or dentine compared to other relevant commercially available products, and is an efficacious source of fluoride.

Efficacy of whitening toothpaste containing blue covarine: A double‐blind controlled randomized clinical trial

This randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of a blue-covarine whitening toothpaste on tooth bleaching. Seventy-five subjects with shade mean C1 or darker were randomized into three groups (n = 25): CT-conventional toothpaste, WT-whitening toothpaste, and CP10-10% carbamide peroxide. Subjects from CT and WT brushed their teeth twice/day for 2 weeks. CP10 used bleaching gel for 4 hours/night for 2 weeks. Tooth shade and CIELab parameters were measured at baseline, after the first application, 2- and 4-week. ΔE*ab and ΔE00 were calculated. Subjects' perception about tooth color appearance, tooth sensitivity (TS), and gingival irritation (GI) were also assessed. At all evaluation periods, it was not observed differences between WT and CT considering tooth shade (P > 0.7) or CIELab parameters (P > 0.3). At 2- and 4-week, ΔE*ab and ΔE00 were higher for CP10 than WT or CT (P = 0.001). WT and CT reported major dissatisfaction with tooth color appearance than CP10 (P = 0.001). At 1- and 2-week, WT experienced GI and TS similar to CT, both lower than CP10 (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the whitening efficacy between whitening and conventional toothpastes. Neither of the dentifrices was as effective as at-home bleaching. The silica-based toothpaste containing blue covarine evaluated in this study did not give significant tooth whitening benefits over 2 weeks of use.

Investigation the effects of whitening toothpastes on color change of resin-based CAD/CAM blocks.

Some colorant foods and beverages cause undesired discoloration on dental restorations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of whitening kinds of toothpaste with different active ingredients on the color change of resin-based CAD/CAM blocks. In the study, resin-based CAD/CAM block samples sized 1.5 × 7 × 12 mm, were prepared. Then, to simulate the time-dependent color change, the samples were immersed in coffee (Nescafe Classic, Nestlé) for 14 days. After the color change values of the samples colored in coffee were measured by spectrophotometer, the samples were brushed with different types of whitening toothpastes for 4minutes. Statistical analysis of the color change (ΔE00 ) was performed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Color differences occurring on all resin-based CAD/CAM blocks immersed in coffee for 14 days exceeded the 50%:50% perceptibility threshold (PT) (ΔE00 :0.8). There was no statistical significant difference between the whitening toothpastes containing activated charcoal, hydrogen peroxide (HP), blue covarine pigment, and microparticles in color improvement on resin-based CAD/CAM blocks (P > .05). It has been verified that the discoloration on resin-based CAD/CAM blocks exhibiting color difference above the PT after coffee immersion can be reduced by utilizing toothpastes containing whiteners. Color changes that occur over time in resin-based CAD/CAM blocks can be a clinical problem. These color changes in the materials can be reduced below the PT level using whitening toothpastes.

Effect of an Optical Whitening Toothpaste on Color Stability of Tooth-Colored Restorative Materials.

Objectives This study aimed to assess the effect of an optical whitening toothpaste on color stability of microhybrid, nanofilled, and microfilled composite resins and resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) cement in comparison of two other toothpastes. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, disc-shaped composite samples were fabricated. The samples were then polished using silicon carbide papers. Twenty-seven samples of each material were fabricated and subjected to colorimetry using a spectrophotometer. Each group of material was then divided into three subgroups for the application of conventional whitening and whitening containing blue covarine toothpastes. One operator brushed the samples with an electric soft toothbrush with circular motion twice a day, each time for 30 seconds. Colorimetry was performed at 0, 1, 7, 30, and 90 days. Statistical Analysis Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test were used for statistical analysis. Results The interaction effect of type of restorative material and time on ∆E was not significant at baseline or 1 day ( p > 0.05). The effect of type of toothpaste on ∆E was not significant at baseline or 1 day ( p = 0.78) but the effect of type of material was significant ( p < 0.05). The toothpastes had significantly different effects on ∆E of Z250 at all time points ( p < 0.05) except for ∆E0–30 ( p = 0.106). The toothpastes had significantly different effects on ∆E of Z350 and Gradia at all time points ( p < 0.05). The same was true for RMGI except for ∆E0–7 ( p = 0.43) and ∆E0–90 ( p = 0.52). The majority of color changes caused by toothpastes were not clinically perceivable (∆E < 3.3), except for ∆E0–90 by the whitening toothpaste (∆E = 9), ∆E0–90 by the conventional toothpaste for Z350 (∆E = 3.9), and ∆E0–1 by the whitening toothpaste for RMGI (∆E = 3.7). Conclusion The color change of all composite samples was not clinically perceivable (<3.3) at all time points, which shows that the tested toothpastes do not cause a significant change in color of composite materials.