Blood Transfusion Service Centre Research Articles

Blood Donor’s Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Blood Donation among Voluntary Blood Donors at Nepal Red Cross Society Central Blood Transfusion Service Centre

Introduction: Blood donation is the major source of blood as well as components of blood worldwide. Even though there are lots of promising components to substitute blood, a true component for blood and blood components is not available. Donated blood is an essential component in the management of many diseases. It is the core lifesaving component for an individual with loss of large volumes of blood from accidents, hemorrhages, or surgery.
 Aims: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of blood donors who visit blood bank.
 Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 227 voluntary donors during six different Blood Donation Campaigns from March to October 2023.
 Results: A total of 227 blood donors participated in this research, with ages ranging from 19 to 60 years, and an average age of 34.7 years with a standard deviation of 8.77. Among all donors, the majority were male (71.4%), with females representing 28.6%. 1.3% of the donors were illiterate, while 26 % were literate. Additionally, 33% hold a secondary-level degree, 31.3 percent have a bachelor's degree, and 8.4 percent possess a master's degree or higher. The majority (46.7%) of the voluntary blood donors were from the service sector, 11% were students, 5.3% in business, 3.5%. were engaged in agriculture and 1.8% working in foreign employment. The remaining 31.7% were involved in various other occupations.
 Conclusion: Almost 1/10th, 5% had adequate knowledge and 72% showed positive attitude related to blood donation in our study the level of blood donation practice was in majority of donor about 89%.

Molecular Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Among Blood Donors from National Blood Transfusion Service Centre in Kaduna, Nigeria.

The survey was carried out to determine the molecular detection of Hepatitis B virus markers among blood donors between the age of 18-65 years from National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS) centre in Kaduna, Nigeria. Blood samples were screened for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) using Diagnostic kit for HBV infection marker in whole blood. Hepatitis B serological markers were determined using polymerase chain reaction and confirmed. The socio-demographic factors associated with HBV infection were determined using structured questionnaires. The total prevalence rates of the five (5) HBV markers were: HBsAg 12(7.3%), HBsAb 5(3.0%), HBeAb 12(7.3%), HBcAb 18(10.9%), and all blood samples were negative for HBeAg. HBVDNA was detected in 3 out of 10 samples. Two out of the three samples were positive for HBsAg, HBeAb and HBcAb whereas one sample was positive for HBsAg, HBsAb and HBcAb. The high prevalence of HBcAb (10.9%) among HBsAg+ (7.3%) and (3.6%) among HBsAg- in this survey indicates that the virus is actively replicating in chronic HBV carriers and consistently increasing the spread within the population in the areas that are targeted.

Fourth-Generation ELISA Screening of Blood Donors: A Reliable Alternative to Nucleic Acid Testing

The gold standard for HIV screening of blood donors is individual nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT). However, individual NAT testing is cost-prohibitive, especially in a resource-limited setting. The fourth-generation ELISA that detects both p24 antigen and antibody to HIV-1 and 2 has been recommended as the minimum test for HIV to enhance blood transfusion safety and can be an alternative to NAT testing in resource-limited settings. The aim was to assess the performance of a fourth-generation ELISA in use at a regional blood transfusion service using nucleic acid amplification testing on units of screened blood negative to HIV. The study was a cross-sectional study conducted at the National Blood Transfusion Service center and the Plateau State Virology Research Centre, both in Jos, Nigeria. Between August and October 2016, one thousand and eighteen voluntary blood donors were recruited consecutively and had their samples tested using fourth-generation ELISA. One thousand p24 antigen-negative samples were pooled for NAT in an aliquot of 50 samples. All the pools of fifty samples of 1,000 HIV p24 antigen-antibody negative donor blood screened by the fourth-generation ELISA tested negative for HIV RNA on nucleic acid amplification. The yield of pooled NAT for HIV after a fourth-generation ELISA screening of blood donors was found to be zero in this study, thus establishing the fourth-generation ELISA's reliability. Therefore, we recommend adopting the fourth-generation ELISA test as a minimum requirement for blood donor screening.

Using different types of neural networks in detection the body's readiness for blood donation and determining the value of each of its parameters using genetic algorithm

Blood transfusion is of great importance in the medical field, as blood donation centers are responsible for collecting and distributing blood and blood products. Artificial neural network is a data processing system getting ideas from the human brain and designs a data structure that acts like a neuron using programming science and by creating a network between these neurons and combining large amounts of data with smart algorithms and their rapid processing, the network is trained. In this study, data is extracted from the blood transfusion service center and the perceptron neural network, RBF neural network, Fisher’s discrimination ratio and genetic algorithm were examined, and finally the highest possible accuracy from the neural network was achieved.

Blood Transfusion Service and Hospital Blood Rotation: The Implications on Transfusion Safety in Nigeria

Blood donation is not readily an altruistic sacrifice in sub-Saharan Africa where microbial infections, maternal haemorrhages, malaria and other tropical diseases that frequently require blood transfusion are daily diagnoses. Blood transfusion safety is hindered by the combined prevailing high rate of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) and poor screening techniques. This study determined the rate of Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) positive reactions to transfusion-transmissible infections in rapid diagnostic test negative family replacement blood units, compared to the first time voluntarily donated blood. We studied records of blood units collected in a tertiary hospital from donors who scaled pre-donation Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) screening for the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses and syphilis and rescreened by ELISA techniques at the National Blood Transfusion Service Centre in Jos, along with units from first-time voluntary blood donors. A total of 19562 blood units; 5945 (30.39%) rapid diagnostic tests negative from a linkage hospital and 13617 (69.61%) from first time voluntary donors were screened by ELISA methods for HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis. The overall TTIs detected by ELISA was 16.08%, significantly lower among pre-donation rapid screened family replacement blood donors [495(8.32%)] compared to 2651 (19.47%) among first-time voluntary donors; P=0.0001. Fifty-seven (0.96%) HIV, 166 (2.79%) HBV, 137 (2.31%) HCV and 137 (2.31%) syphilis were still detected respectively by ELISA in the pre-screened negative family replacement blood units. The outcome of ELISA screenings of blood collected from first-time volunteer donors were; 143 (1.05%) HIV, 1,486 (10.91%) HBV, 683 (5.02%) HCV, and 339 (2.49%) syphilis. Blood for transfusion should be screened negative at least with ELISA.

Blood Transfusion Service and Hospital Blood Rotation: The Implications on Transfusion Safety in Nigeria

Blood donation is not readily an altruistic sacrifice in sub-Saharan Africa where microbial infections, maternal haemorrhages, malaria and other tropical diseases that frequently require blood transfusion are daily diagnoses. Blood transfusion safety is hindered by the combined prevailing high rate of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) and poor screening techniques. This study determined the rate of Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) positive reactions to transfusion-transmissible infections in rapid diagnostic test negative family replacement blood units, compared to the first time voluntarily donated blood. We studied records of blood units collected in a tertiary hospital from donors who scaled pre-donation Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) screening for the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses and syphilis and rescreened by ELISA techniques at the National Blood Transfusion Service Centre in Jos, along with units from first-time voluntary blood donors. A total of 19562 blood units; 5945 (30.39%) rapid diagnostic tests negative from a linkage hospital and 13617 (69.61%) from first time voluntary donors were screened by ELISA methods for HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis. The overall TTIs detected by ELISA was 16.08%, significantly lower among pre-donation rapid screened family replacement blood donors [495(8.32%)] compared to 2651 (19.47%) among first-time voluntary donors; P=0.0001. Fifty-seven (0.96%) HIV, 166 (2.79%) HBV, 137 (2.31%) HCV and 137 (2.31%) syphilis were still detected respectively by ELISA in the pre-screened negative family replacement blood units. The outcome of ELISA screenings of blood collected from first-time volunteer donors were; 143 (1.05%) HIV, 1,486 (10.91%) HBV, 683 (5.02%) HCV, and 339 (2.49%) syphilis. Blood for transfusion should be screened negative at least with ELISA.

Blood Transfusion Service and Hospital Blood Rotation: The Implications on Transfusion Safety in Nigeria

Blood donation is not readily an altruistic sacrifice in sub-Saharan Africa where microbial infections, maternal haemorrhages, malaria and other tropical diseases that frequently require blood transfusion are daily diagnoses. Blood transfusion safety is hindered by the combined prevailing high rate of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) and poor screening techniques. This study determined the rate of Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) positive reactions to transfusion-transmissible infections in rapid diagnostic test negative family replacement blood units, compared to the first time voluntarily donated blood. We studied records of blood units collected in a tertiary hospital from donors who scaled pre-donation Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) screening for the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses and syphilis and rescreened by ELISA techniques at the National Blood Transfusion Service Centre in Jos, along with units from first-time voluntary blood donors. A total of 19562 blood units; 5945 (30.39%) rapid diagnostic tests negative from a linkage hospital and 13617 (69.61%) from first time voluntary donors were screened by ELISA methods for HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis. The overall TTIs detected by ELISA was 16.08%, significantly lower among pre-donation rapid screened family replacement blood donors [495(8.32%)] compared to 2651 (19.47%) among first-time voluntary donors; P=0.0001. Fifty-seven (0.96%) HIV, 166 (2.79%) HBV, 137 (2.31%) HCV and 137 (2.31%) syphilis were still detected respectively by ELISA in the pre-screened negative family replacement blood units. The outcome of ELISA screenings of blood collected from first-time volunteer donors were; 143 (1.05%) HIV, 1,486 (10.91%) HBV, 683 (5.02%) HCV, and 339 (2.49%) syphilis. Blood for transfusion should be screened negative at least with ELISA.

Blood Donation Program in Malaysia: Government Initiatives towards Attracting Volunteer Blood Donors

Millions of people need blood because of many reasons such as accidents, routine surgeries, treatment of serious diseases such as cancer and thalassemia. In many countries, the availability of blood product depends on a small number of volunteer donors, including Malaysia. Present trends in blood collection and capacity usage in Malaysia have raised concerns about the ability to meet potential needs. To ensure an adequate blood supply in health facilities is a challenging task for the government especially Ministry of Health Malaysia. It is important to develop a program with influential initiatives that can help to boost public interest and willingness to involve in blood donation program. This study aims to identify and examine the initiatives conducted by the government in order to attract the interest of public to become volunteer blood donor. This study identified that there were five main initiatives implemented by the government to attract public to donate blood, namely: (a) intensive advertising (via mainstream television and radio channels); (b) mobile blood transfusion service center; (c) incentives to blood donors; (d) establishments of donation suites, and; (e) collaboration with other government institution for blood donation campaign. Although current situation showed significant changes in terms of public awareness and willingness towards this program, but there are rooms for improvement for the government to consider in maintaining the balance between blood supply and demand in the country. Focusing on public to register, as frequent or repeated volunteer blood donor, is obviously one of the main available option that current situation need to strengthen.

Health stages diagnostics of underwater thruster using sound features with imbalanced dataset

The underwater thruster is considered one of the most critical components located on an unmanned underwater vehicle to maneuver in the water. However, it is recognized as a common source of the fault. This phenomenon is made worse when collected data for equipment health diagnostics are highly imbalanced. A new sampling method to tackle the problem of imbalanced data based on cosine similarity is proposed to improve the classification accuracy for thruster health diagnostics. The results show that it outperforms SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique) and ADASYN (Adaptive Synthetic Sampling Approach for Imbalanced Learning). The proposed method was further validated using different imbalanced datasets with different imbalance ratio from KEEL and UCI machine learning repository (such as Pima Indians Diabetes, Ionosphere, Fertility Diagnostics, Mammographic Masses, Blood Transfusion Service Centre). The majority of the results from the datasets show that the proposed method produces the higher classification accuracy as well as g-means that suggests the potential approach for classification problem that has a highly imbalanced dataset.

Seroepidemiology of Some Transfusion Transmissible Viral Infections in Jos, North-Central Nigeria

Background: Despite current efforts and availability of advanced technology such as nucleic acid amplification testing and Immunoassays, the risk of Transfusion Transmissible viral Infections (TTVIs) continues to exist. In low resource economies, where periodic large scale serosurveillance is impracticable; the use of donor seroprevalence to monitor the trends of epidemiologically significant TTVIs in adult population becomes imperative. This study therefore aimed to determine blood donor profile and seroepidemiology of HIV, HBV and HCV infection status in Jos North-Central Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional study in which 510 prospective blood donors were recruited as they presented for donation at the National Blood Transfusion Service centre and Plateau Specialist Hospital Jos. Their blood samples were tested for HbsAg, anti-HCV, and HIV, using a third generation ELISA. Data analyzed with SPSS version 20, associations between categorical variables tested using Chi-square (χ2) test and P<0.05 was considered significant. There were 510 respondents, aged 18 to 65 years. Mean age ± SD was 30.20 ± 9.10. The overall prevalence of TTVIs was 15.5%. The prevalence of HBV, HIV and HCV were 7.5%. 3.1% and 2.7% respectively, while that of co infection HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV and HBV/HCV were 1.6%; 0.2%; and 0.4% respectively. Conclusion: There is a decline in the prevalence of TTVIs in Jos, North-central Nigeria, and there is a significant association between educational level and blood donation (P<0.05). We recommend a need to sustain the present policies, and efforts, donor education, implementation of stringent donor eligibility criteria and use of more sensitive viral genome detection methods to further minimize the risk

An Efficient Multi-set HPID3 Algorithm based on RFM Model

Data mining is a latest emerging technique, which is mainly used to inspect large database in order to discover hidden knowledge and information about customers’ behaviors. With the increasing contest in the retail industry, the main focus of superstore is to classify valuable customers accurately and quickly among the large volume of data. The decision tree algorithm is a more general data classification function algorithm based on machine learning. In this paper the concept of Recency, Frequency and Monetary is introduced, which is usually used by marketing investigators to develop marketing strategies, to find important patterns. Conventional ID3 algorithm is modified by horizontally splitting the sample of customer purchasing RFM dataset and then classification rules are discovered to predict future customer behaviors by matching pattern. The dataset has been accessed from blood transfusion service center and has 5 attributes and 748 instances. The experimental result shows that the proposed HPID3 is more effective than conventional ID3 in terms of accuracy and processing speed.

Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in Anyigba and Lokoja, Kogi State – Nigeria

Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in Anyigba and Lokoja, Kogi State – Nigeria

Improving Classifications of Medical Data Based on Fuzzy ART2 Decision Trees

Analyzing given medical databases provide valuable references for classifying other patients symptoms. This study presents a strategy for discovering fuzzy decision trees from medical databases, in particular Harbeman's Survival database and the Blood Transfusion Service Center database. Harbeman's Survival database helps doctors treat and diagnose a group of patients who show similar past medical symptoms and the Blood Transfusion Service Center database advises individuals about when to donate blood. The proposed data mining procedure involves neural network based clustering using Adaptive Resonance Theory 2 (ART2), and the extraction of fuzzy decision trees for each homogeneous cluster of data records using fuzzy set theory. Besides, another objective of this paper is to examine the effect of the number of membership functions on building decision trees. Experiments confirm that the number of erroneously clustered patterns is significantly reduced compared to other methods without preprocessing data using ART2.

Pattern of Blood Donors in Jos.

Background: Blood donors are categorized into voluntary, paid, family replacement, autologous, directed and therapeutic. Superior safety has long been identified with voluntary and autologous blood donations. The setting up of the centralized blood transfusion service centre is to source blood from prospective voluntary donors among other responsibilities. AIM: To determine the types of blood donors received at the blood transfusion service and make appropriate suggestion towards transfusion safety. Methods: We reviewed blood donor records from April 2008 to March 2010 for the pattern of blood donors received at the north central blood transfusion service centre of the National blood Transfusion Service, Jos. Results: A total of 7286 donors were recruited in the transfusion centre and in hospital blood banks. 78.2% were voluntary donors while 21.7% were family replacement donors all from hospital blood banks. Conclusion: The high rate of voluntary blood donation recorded in the transfusion service is a departure from the culture of replacement donation experienced in hospital blood transfusion units. This portrays a ray of hope towards the attainment of 100% voluntary blood donation and its attendant safety. We recommend improved commitment of resources from government and donor agencies in this regard. State and local governments should establish transfusion units to collaborate with the National Blood Transfusion Service of Nigeria.Key words: Voluntary, Replacement Donors, Transfusion Service.

Rule Extraction For Blood Donators With Fuzzy Sequential Pattern Mining

Sequential pattern mining is to discover all sub-sequences that are frequent. The classical sequential pattern mining algorithms do not allow processing of numerical data and require converting these data into a binary representation, which necessarily leads to a loss of information. Fuzzy sets are used to overcome this problem and fuzzy set based algorithms have been proposed to handle numerical data using intervals, particularly fuzzy intervals. In this paper, a fuzzy sequential pattern mining algorithm is applied to mine fuzzy sequential patterns from the Blood Transfusion Service Center data set. It helps to predict future patterns of blood donating behavior.

The prevalence of Herpes simplex virus trype-2 infection in blood donors in Harare, Zimbabwe

To determine the prevalence of HSV-2 infections in a population of blood donors. Cross sectional study. Harare Blood Transfusion Service (BTS) Centre. 314 serum specimens of voluntary blood donors. HSV-2 sero-prevalence. The median age (Q1, Q3) of the blood donors was 18 (17,27) years and 65% of them were males. HSV-2 infection was detected in 29 (9.7%) of the 299 specimens that were analyzed. There was a strong association between age of blood donors and HSV-2 seropositivity (p < 0.001). Older blood donors tended to be positive while younger donors tended to be negative for HSV-2 antibodies. Though not as strong, there was also an association between HSV-2 and HIV seropositivity (p = 0.048). The prevalence of HSV-2 infections in blood donors in Harare is high, considering the nature of the population studied. Therefore, the testing for HSV-2 in the serum of prospective blood donors should be included in the screening profiles used at the BTS centre in Harare, Zimbabwe to improve blood and blood products.