Blood Pressure In Chinese Children Research Articles

Coexposure to Multiple Metals and the Risk of Abnormal Blood Pressure in Chinese Children

Coexposure to Multiple Metals and the Risk of Abnormal Blood Pressure in Chinese Children

Effect of changes in body mass index and waist-to-height ratio on blood pressure in 11 to 13-year- old children: a prospective population study

Background Existing evidence about associations between change in body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) change and high blood pressure are relatively limited. Aims We aimed to investigate the associations of general overweight (based on BMI) and abdominal obesity (based on WHtR) change with high blood pressure in Chinese children. Subjects and methods A school-based cohort study in Ningbo region (China) was conducted among children with baseline evaluations in October 2016 with follow-up two years later. A total of 1432 children aged 11 to 13 years participated in this study. Results Our results showed that a change from normal BMI or WHtR to overweight or abdominal obesity in children was associated with high blood pressure (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 2.62; P﹤ 0.05 or AOR, 2.79; P﹤ 0.05, respectively). In addition, an increased risk of high blood pressure was observed in children who maintained overweight or abdominal obesity (AOR, 1.67; P﹤ 0.05 or AOR, 1.69; P﹤ 0.05, respectively), but not in children who experienced remission to non-excess weight. Interestingly, children who increased BMI or WHtR had greater impact on SBP than on DBP. Conclusion The 2-year longitudinal study indicated that general overweight or abdominal obesity can predict the risk factor of high blood pressure in children. However, children who remitted to non-excess weight did not exhibit an increased risk of high blood pressure.

Co-exposure to priority-controlled metals mixture and blood pressure in Chinese children from two panel studies

Metals may affect adversely cardiovascular system, but epidemiological evidence on the associations of priority-controlled metals including antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), cadmium, lead, and thallium with children's blood pressure (BP) was scarce and inconsistent. We conducted two panel studies with 3 surveys across 3 seasons among 144 and 142 children aged 4–12 years in Guangzhou and Weinan, respectively. During each seasonal survey, urine samples were collected for 4 consecutive days and BP was measured on the 4th day. We obtained 786 BP values and urinary metals measurements at least once within 4 days, while 773, 596, 612, and 754 urinary metals measurements were effective on the health examination day (Lag 0), and the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd day preceding BP measurement (Lag 1, lag 2 and lag 3), respectively. We used linear mixed-effect models, generalized estimating equations and multiple informant models to assess the associations of individual metal at each lag day and accumulated lag day (4 days averaged, lag 0–3) with BP and hypertension, and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression to evaluate the relations of metals mixture at lag 0–3 and BP outcomes. We found Sb was positively and consistently related to systolic BP (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and odds of having hypertension within 4 days, which were the strongest at lag 0 and declined over time. And such relationships at lag 0–3 showed in a dose-response manner. Meanwhile, Sb was the only contributor to the relations of mixture with SBP, MAP, and odds of having hypertension. Also, synergistic interaction between Sb and As was significant. In addition, modification effect of passive smoking status on the association of Sb and SBP was more evident in passive smokers. Accordingly, urinary Sb was consistently and dose-responsively associated with increased BP and hypertension, of which Sb was the major contributor among children.

Temporal Associations between Tri-Ponderal Mass Index and Blood Pressure in Chinese Children: A Cross-Lag Analysis.

Background: No longitudinal studies have explored the relationship between tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) and blood pressure (BP) in children. This study is aimed to investigate the temporal associations between TMI and BP among children in China. Methods: A longitudinal study was carried out with Chinese children from 2014 to 2019. Data of the anthropometric examination and blood pressure were collected annually. TMI was calculated by dividing weight by the cube of height. BP was measured using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. We investigated temporal associations between TMI and BP with a cross-lagged panel model using repeated measure data from 2014 (Wave 1), 2016 (Wave 2), and 2018 (Wave 3). Results: Results of the cross-lagged panel model showed that TMI was associated with subsequent BP. Participants with higher levels of TMI presented higher levels of BP (Wave 1: β = 0.737 for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and β = 0.308 for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), Wave 2: β = 0.422 for SBP and β = 0.165 for DBP, p < 0.01). In addition, children with higher BP could also present higher TMI (Wave 1: β = 0.004 for SBP and β = 0.006 for DBP, Wave 2: β = 0.003 for SBP and β = 0.005 for DBP, p < 0.01), but the cross-lag path coefficient indicated that the influence of TMI on BP was stronger than the influence of BP on TMI. Conclusions: There was a temporal association between TMI and BP in Chinese children. Higher TMI predicted higher subsequent BP rather than the reverse relationship.

Phthalate Mixture Exposure is Associated with Elevated Blood Pressure in Chinese Children: A Panel Study

Phthalate Mixture Exposure is Associated with Elevated Blood Pressure in Chinese Children: A Panel Study

Trends in associations between socioeconomic development and urban-rural disparity with high blood pressure in Chinese children and adolescents over two decades.

This study aimed to assess the association between the trend of urban-rural disparity in high blood pressure (HBP) in Chinese children and adolescents and socioeconomic development. Data on 1,054,602 students aged 7-18 years were obtained from five successive national surveys administered in 29 Chinese provinces in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2014. HBP was defined as average measured systolic BP and/or diastolic BP equal to or more than 95th percentile. The socioeconomic indicators at the provincial-level included gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the Engel coefficient, and urbanization rates. From 1995 to 2014, HBP prevalence in Chinese children and adolescents fluctuated between 6.9% and 9.2%. Rural areas had a higher prevalence of HBP than urban areas, with a diminishing trend in urban-rural disparity from 1995 to 2010 with a reduced OR from 1.45 (95% CI: 1.40-150) in 1995 to 1.09 (1.05-1.12) in 2010, whereas a widening gap in 2014 with OR of 1.23 (1.19-1.26)). A positive association existed between the improvement of socioeconomic indicators and the increase in HBP, which was demonstrated obviously by the Engel coefficient strata. The increases in the urbanization rates were accompanied by a greater increase of HBP in urban than in rural areas. The large urban-rural disparity suggests a priority of HBP control in rural children due to their current and future HBP and cardiovascular disease risks. Socioeconomic development could affect the urban-rural disparity in HBP risk, reflecting the importance of effective policy responses for preventing HBP by avoiding unhealthy lifestyles brought about by rapid economic development.

Combined effect of height growth and overweight/obesity on blood pressure in children

Objective To investigate the association between the combined effect of height growth and overweight/obesity with elevated blood pressure in Chinese children. Methods Based on a cohort study of puberty development in Xiamen, a cluster sampling method was used to select 1 313 children whose complete height, weight and blood pressure levels at baseline were obtained in 2017 and during a follow-up in 2019. The incidence of elevated blood pressure was compared between four different subgroups, and multivariate Logistic regression was performed to analyze the combined effect in boys and girls. Results Among 1 313 children, the prevalence of elevated blood pressure at baseline was 25.2%. After 2 years of follow-up, the incidence of elevated blood pressure was 19.7% and 23.4% in boys, and 16.6% in girls. After adjusting for factors including age, sex, family history of hypertension, sleep time, intake of fruits, vegetables, sugar-sweetened beverages, and meat products, multivariate Logistic regression analyses showed that children in the high height growth and overweight/obesity group were more likely to exhibit a higher incidence of elevated blood pressure (overall: RR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.44–4.04; boys: RR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.45–5.02). Among girls, the risk of elevated blood pressure in the low height growth and overweight/obesity group also increased significantly ( RR = 4.47, 95% CI = 1.45–13.75). Conclusion A large magnitude of height growth and being overweight/obesity were associated with elevated blood pressure in children, especially boys. Therefore, interventions that are targeted toward obesity prevention in children before pubertal growth spurts in height may be beneficial to reduce childhood high blood pressure. 【摘要】 目的 分析不同身高增长幅度与超重肥胖联合作用对儿童新发血压偏高的影响, 为探索防控儿童血压偏高的策 略提供科学依据。 方法 基于厦门市青春期发育队列研究, 采用整群抽样方法, 选取 2017 年基线和 2019 年随访时身高、 体重和血压数据完整的 1 313 名小学生作为研究对象。采用多因素 Logistic 回归模型分析不同身高增长幅度与超重肥胖 的联合作用对儿童血压偏高的影响。 结果 1 313 名小学生基线时 (2017 年) 血压偏高检出率为 25.2%; 随访 2 年后, 未发 生血压偏高的人群中有 19.7% 的儿童新发了血压偏高, 男生血压偏高新发率为 23.4%, 女生为 16.6%。多因素 Logistic 回归 模型分析显示, 在调整年龄、性别、高血压家族史J垂眠时间、水果、蔬菜、含糖饮料及肉制品摄人情况后, 总体及男生身高增 长高水平超重肥胖组血压偏高新发的风险高于身高增长低水平非超重肥胖组 (总体: RR = 2.41, 95% CI =1.44~4.04; 男生: RR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.45~5.02); 女生身高增长低水平联合超重肥胖组血压偏高检出率也显著增加 ( RR = 4.47, 95% CI = 1.45~13.75)。 结论 身高增长幅度较高和超重肥胖是儿童血压偏高发病的影响因素, 尤其是在男生中。在青春期身高突增 前对儿童进行肥胖的预防和干预可能有益于降低儿童期高血压的发生。

Secular Trends in Blood Pressure in Chinese Children and Adolescents Born 1981-2000: The Impact of Changing Growth Trajectories

Background: Globally, 80% of cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths occur in low-/middle-income countries. High blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for CVD and has its origins in early-life. Childhood development of BP provides important information about the development of CVD risk. This study investigated how age trajectories of BP, from child to late adolescence, have changed in recent decades in China, and the mediating roles of physical growth. Methods: We used longitudinal data on 5,118 children with physical measurements between 7-18y from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991-2015. We applied fractional polynomial models with random effects to estimate mean trajectories of BP, BMI and height for cohorts born in 1981-85, 1986-90, 1991-95, and 1996-2000. Models for BP trajectories were also adjusted for BMI and/or height growth to assess their impact on BP trends. Results: BP trajectories (7-18y) shifted upwards with successive cohort. Compared to the earliest cohort, mean BP was higher in the latest cohort throughout childhood to late-adolescence. The increment in systolic BP was 3.8mmHg [95% CI: 2.5-5.1] in boys and 3.9mmHg [2.6-5.3] in girls at 9y, narrowed slightly during adolescence, remained at 2.8mmHg [0.7-4.9] and 2.3mmHg [0.3-4.3] respectively at 17y. Diastolic BP had similar increments to systolic BP in childhood and adolescence, but little increment in late-adolescence in girls. BMI and height trajectories also shifted upwards. The overall increment (in z-scores) was greater for height (0.55 [0.47-0.63]) than BMI (0.28 [0.20-0.35]). When adjusting for physical growth, the increment in systolic BP trajectories reduced but remained in childhood (p<0.05). The reduction was greater with adjustment for height than for BMI and the pattern was more evident in boys. Conclusions: The upward trends in BP trajectories over time among Chinese youths was largely (not entirely) explained by the increasing trends in physical growth, especially in height. The increment in BP remained in childhood after adjusting for growth, suggesting that other early-life factors might also contribute to the BP trends in Chinese children. How changes in BP within a short time frame will affect future CVD in the long term is unclear, particularly in the developing world. Funding Statement: This work was supported by the UCL Overseas Research Scholarship and China Scholarship Council to MG, https://www.csc.edu.cn/. Declaration of Interests: None declared. Ethics Approval Statement: The University of North Carolina and the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention reviewed and approved the data collection procedures.

Association of abdominal obesity and high blood pressure with left ventricular hypertrophy and geometric remodeling in Chinese children

Background and aimsMany studies have examined the association between overweight or obesity assessed by body mass index and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in children or adolescents, but only few studies have assessed the relation with abdominal obesity in children. This study aimed to assess the association of abdominal obesity assessed by waist circumference (WC), high blood pressure (BP) and their joint effect on LVH and left ventricular (LV) geometric remodeling in Chinese children. Methods and resultsData were from a cross-sectional survey of 1319 Chinese children aged 6–11 years who had undergone cardiac ultrasound. Compared with normal WC, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for abdominal obesity were 6.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.77–12.16) for LVH, 2.80 (1.55–5.05) for CR, 5.43 (2.84–10.39) for EH, and 20.05 (4.46–90.08) for CH, respectively. Compared with children with both normal WC and normal BP, the adjusted ORs for those with abdominal obesity and normal BP were 6.98 (3.71–13.10) for LVH, 2.87 (1.47–5.60) for CR, 5.52 (2.70–11.26) for EH, and 15.20 (4.51–78.13) for CH. The adjusted ORs for those with abdominal obesity and high BP were 7.12 (3.27–15.50) for LVH, 4.71 (2.04–10.85) for CR, 7.49 (3.23–17.40) for EH, and 8.65 (1.32–56.89) for CH. The ORs for those with high BP and normal WC were not significant for these cardiac outcomes (P > 0.05). ConclusionsLVH and LV geometric remodeling were associated more strongly with abdominal obesity than with high BP in Chinese children, stressing the need to prevent childhood abdominal obesity for reducing cardiac risk.

Phthalate exposure linked to high blood pressure in Chinese children

BackgroundExposure to phthalate esters may be linked to the risk of high blood pressure (HBP), but limited evidence is available in Chinese children. ObjectiveTo investigate the associations between nine phthalate metabolites (mPAEs) and systolic/diastolic BP, pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and the risk of HBP. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 1044 primary school children (6–8 years old) were enrolled from Shenzhen, China, between 2016 and 2017. Nine mPAEs were analyzed from urine using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. A multivariable linear regression model was used to explore the associations between phthalate exposure and systolic/diastolic BP, PP, and MAP. A binary logistic regression model was used to examine the associations between phthalate exposure and the risk of HBP. ResultsMonomethyl phthalate (MMP) concentrations were significantly higher in HBP children than normal BP children. MMP, monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), monobutyl phthalate (MnBP), mono(5-carboxy-2-ethylpentyl) phthalate, mono-[(2-carboxy methyl)hexyl] phthalate (MCMHP), the sum of four short-chain mPAEs (∑LMW), and the sum of all nine mPAEs (∑9mPAEs) were significantly positively associated with increases in systolic BP z-score, while only MMP was significantly positively associated with diastolic BP z-score. MMP, MiBP, MnBP, MCMHP, ∑LMW, and ∑9mPAEs were significantly associated with increases in PP, while MMP and MnBP were significantly associated with increases in MAP. MMP was significantly associated with the risk of HBP, with an odds ratio of 1.87 (95% CI: 1.23, 2.85). ConclusionsThe present study suggests that dimethyl phthalate exposure increases the risk of HBP. And some types of phthalates are associated with elevations in systolic/diastolic BP z scores, PP, and MAP in Chinese children.

Trends and Status of the Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents in China: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

To evaluate the status of elevated blood pressure in Chinese children and adolescents, and identify potential influence factors. We searched PubMed, the Web of science, the WanFang, the VIP, and the CNKI to identify articles that were published from Jan 1, 1997, to May 30, 2019. We used random effects models to estimate the pooled prevalence of elevated blood pressure, and heterogeneity among the studies was assessed with Cochran's Q statistic. The potential source of heterogeneity was explored by meta-regression and subgroup comparisons using Q test based on ANOVA. Fifty-nine studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and the prevalence of elevated blood pressure ranged from 2.2 to 26.4%. The meta-analysis included 25 studies (341,281 participants), and the pooled prevalence of elevated blood pressure was 9.8% (95% CI 7.9, 11.9). The prevalence of elevated blood pressure in the obese children (34.1%, 95% CI 26.9, 41.7) and overweight children (15.5%, 95% CI 10.1, 21.7) was much higher than that in the normal or underweight children (5.0%, 95% CI 2.4, 8.4). Fluctuating trends in the prevalence of elevated blood pressure both in the total sample of Chinese children and adolescents and in each subgroup were observed from 2007 to 2014. Our study showed that prevalence of elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents in China was in the medium level in the world. Primary prevention for childhood hypertension should be implemented and focus on weight control and healthy lifestyle habits.

Effect of Overweight and Obesity on High Blood Pressure in Chinese Children and Adolescents.

This study aimed to compare the secular trends of high blood pressure (HBP) and the effects of overweight and obesity on HBP between Chinese ethnic minority and Hanchildren and adolescents . Data were collected from 224,151 Chinese ethnic minority and 664,094 Han children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years during three successive, national cross-sectional surveys (2005, 2010, and 2014). Logistic regression and population-attributable risk analyses were used to evaluate the association between HBP and overweight and obesity. HBP prevalence in ethnic minorities increased from 4.8% in 2005 to 6.3% in 2014, which was significantly higher than thevariable HBP trends (4.1% to 5.5%) in Han children and adolescents. Both ethnic minority and Han children and adolescents experienced a rapid increase in overweight and obesity, but the pace of growth for HBP, overweight, and obesity was faster in ethnic minorities than in their Han peers. Moreover, the effects of obesity on HBP in ethnic minorities showed asustained increase over time butwere stable for the Han. Higher HBP prevalence, faster obesity increases, and a stronger impact of obesity on HBP in children and adolescents of Chinese ethnic minorities predict their looming burden of HBP, which suggests that attention to the cardiovascular disease risks in children and adolescents from ethnic minorities is indicated to reduce their future adult risk.

A3725 Simplified height-specific blood pressure table for screening elevated or high blood pressure in Chinese children and adolescents

Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate the performance of four simplified methods for screening elevated BP and high BP in Chinese children and adolescents, compared to the 2017 Chinese child complex table based on sex, age and height. Methods: We developed a simplified blood pressure cut-offs within 9 height categories by 10 cm increments specifically for the Chinese children and adolescents to screen elevated BP (90th percentile) and high BP (95th percentile) according to the 2017 Chinese child complex table based on sex, age, and height. In addition, three other simplified methods (i.e., simplified table by age group, simplified formulas, and sex- and age-specific simplified table).Data from two population-based surveys including survey conducted in Jinan, China in 2013–2014 (n = 7837, 6 to 17 years) and survey conducted in Zibo, China in 2017 (n = 1515, 6 to 11 years). Results: The height-specific table for identifying high BP (in Jinan/Zibo data) had values of AUC (0.94/0.92), sensitivity (90.1%/85.0%), specificity (97.9%/98.3%), PPV (89.1%/90.0%), NPV (98.1%/97.3%), compared to the complex table. Its performance was similar to sex- and age-specific simplified table. In contrast, two other simplified methods were not satisfactory, with PPV ranged from 62.8% to 79.6% for identifying elevated BP and high BP. Conclusion: The simplified height-specific table performed similarly to the 2017 Chinese child complex table by sex, age, and height for identifying elevated BP and high BP in Chinese children and adolescents. This height-specific table seemed to be superior to three other simplified methods. This simplified table with only 18 values will be useful to improve detection and control pediatric high BP in clinical practice.

The endemic distribution and related factors of elevated blood pressure among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in 2014

Objective: To investigate the endemic distribution and related factors of elevated blood pressure in Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years old. Methods: A total of 214 354 students aged 7 to 18 years old with data integrity of height, weight, and blood pressure were selected from Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health in 2014, including 31 provinces (with the exception of Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) in China. The criterion of elevated blood pressure was defined by the diagnosis and treatment guideline of high blood pressure in US children and adolescent. The differences of elevated blood pressure between boys and girls and different groups of nutritional status were calculated by Chi-square test. Results: The mean values of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure were (104.8 ± 12.8) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and (65.4 ± 9.7) mmHg, respectively. The rate of elevated blood pressure in Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years old was 6.4% (13 558/214 354), as well as 7.0% (7 537/106 982) in boys, and 5.7% (6 131/106 979) in girls (P<0.001). Meanwhile, the rate of elevated blood pressure was 3.2% (321/10 127), 4.9% (7 887/161 419), 9.8% (2 472/25 292), and 17.5% (2 988/17 051) in wasting group, normal group, overweight group and obesity group, respectively, which indicated a rising trend from wasting to obesity among four nutritional status groups(P<0.001). Conclusion: The rate of elevated blood pressure in Chinese boys was higher than girls, especially in overweight and obese students. Therefore, the effective intervention on child and adolescent with overweight or obesity will become the key work on the prevention of high blood pressure in the future.

Associations among cardiorespiratory endurance, body mass index and blood pressure in Han Chinese children: results from the 2010 Chinese National Survey On Students' Constitution and Health.

The associations among cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE), body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) in children are still unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationships among CRE, BMI and BP in Chinese children. Data were derived from the 2010 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health. An endurance run test was used to determine CRE and children were stratified into low and high/moderate CRE groups. BMI was dichotomized into non-overweight and overweight. Among overweight children aged 7-12 years, the risk of high BP (HBP) was significantly higher in the low CRE group than in the high/moderate CRE group (in boys, odds ratio=1.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-1.24, P=0.010; in girls, odds ratio=1.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.33, P=0.010) after adjusting for age, BMI, socioeconomic status and area of residence. However, among all children aged 13-18 years and non-overweight children aged 7-12 years, we did not observe similar results. Higher CRE is associated with lower BP. Overweight children have a significantly higher risk of HBP and low CRE may increase the risk of HBP, independently of BMI, among 7- to 12-year-old overweight children.

Prevalence and Correlates of Elevated Blood Pressure in Chinese Children Aged 6-13 Years: a Nationwide School-Based Survey

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (EBP) in Chinese children and identify individual and family factors associated with EBP. MethodsA nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010 using stratified cluster sampling. Participants' blood pressure was measured, and their parents completed a questionnaire on personal and family characteristics. Prevalence and correlates of EBP were assessed. ResultsAmong a total of 24,333 participants, 20.2% of boys and 16.3% of girls had EBP. The prevalence of EBP increased with the ascending trend of waist circumference, Waist-to-height ratio, and body mass index. The adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) for obese boys and girls were 2.50 and 2.97, respectively. Fewer urban boys (16.2%) had EBP than rural boys (21.7%). Boys with a family history of hypertension were 12% more likely to have EBP. Children whose mothers received a college education tended to have lower likelihood of EBP; with an aPR was 0.85 among boys and 0.78 among girls. ConclusionEBP is common among obese students and those who have a family history of hypertension. A negative association between mothers' education levels and EBP risk in children was found.

Population attributable risk of overweight and obesity for high blood pressure in Chinese children

Objective. Little is known about whether eliminating overweight and obesity could effectively reduce the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) in Chinese children. This study aimed to estimate the magnitude of contribution of overweight and obesity associated with HBP in Chinese children, and assess the theoretical HBP prevalence if overweight and obesity were eliminated. Methods. Data on 197,191 participants aged 7–17 years with complete records from the Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health conducted in 2010 were included. The population attributable risk of overweight and obesity for HBP was calculated. Results. The prevalence of HBP was 6.8% and 5.8% for boys and girls, respectively. HBP in about 22.9% (95% CI 21.5, 24.2%) of boys and 14.7% (95% CI 13.5, 15.8%) of girls could be attributable to overweight and obesity. If both overweight and obesity were eliminated, the prevalence of HBP theoretically could be reduced to 5.2% in boys and 5.0% in girls. Similar results were found in different age and urban/rural area groups. Conclusion. Eliminating overweight and obesity could theoretically lead to a moderate reduction in the prevalence of HBP in Chinese children.

Serum uric acid levels are associated with high blood pressure in Chinese children and adolescents aged 10–15 years

The present study examined the association between uric acid levels and high blood pressure in a multiethnic study of Chinese children and adolescents. The participants were divided into four different groups according to the uric acid quartiles. Three logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the relationship between the high blood pressure and uric acid levels. Model 1 adjusted age, sex and ethnicity. Model 2 adjusted age, sex, ethnicity, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, estimated glomerular filtration rate, fasting glucose and waist circumference. Model 3 adjusted all the confounding factors in model 2 except the waist circumference and BMI. The concentrations of uric acid in high blood pressure participants and normotensive participants were compared with or without adjustment for confounding factors. A total of 3778 participants aged 10-15 years from the Xinjiang Congenital Heart Disease Survey were included in the present study. The percentages of the high blood pressure in the four different uric acid quartiles were 7.4, 8.6, 9.6 and 11.8%, respectively. In model 1, 2 and 3 of the logistic regression, the participants in the third and fourth uric acid quartiles had significantly higher chance of suffering the high blood pressure when compared with the participants in the first uric acid quartile [odds ratio 1.608, 1.587, 1.597, P = 0.005, 0.015, 0.015, respectively, between participants in the first quartile and the third quartile; odds ratio 1.981, 1.945, 1.810, P = 0.001, 0.002, 0.007, respectively, between participants in the first quartile and the fourth quartile). The concentrations of serum uric acid were 220.7 μmol/l in high blood pressure participants and 204.1 μmol/l in normotensive participants (P = 0.024). After adjustment for confounding factors, the concentrations of serum uric acid were 219.7 vs. 204.5 μmol/l in one model (P < 0.001) and 219.3 vs. 204.5 μmol/l in the other model (P < 0.001). Among Chinese children and adolescents, increasing levels of serum uric acid are associated with high blood pressure.

GW24-e0604 Serum uric acid levels are associated with high blood pressure in Chinese children and adolescents aged 10-15 years

ObjectivesUric acid is associated with cardiovascular disease such as coronary artery disease and hypertension in adults. However, among the Chinese children and adolescents, whether the uric acid was associated with...

The common SNP (rs9939609) in the FTO gene modifies the association between obesity and high blood pressure in Chinese children

Previous studies have suggested that common variants in fat mass- and obesity-associated (FTO) gene are associated with body mass index (BMI) and the risk of obesity. Since obesity plays an important role in the etiology of high blood pressure (HBP), we aim to investigate the association between obesity and HBP in a population with different variants of the FTO gene. A total of 3,494 children (1,775 boys, 50.8%) aged 6-18years were recruited for measuring pubertal status, BMI and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs9939609 of the FTO gene was genotyped. The blood pressure levels increased by 1.4, 1.5 and 1.8mmHg for systolic blood pressure and 0.8, 0.9 and 1.2mmHg for diastolic blood pressure per 1-unit BMI increase in subjects carrying TT, TA and AA genotypes, respectively. After stratifying for FTO rs9939609 genotypes (TT, TA and AA), the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of HBP in obese versus non-obese children were 4.26 (3.18-5.71), 5.13 (2.96-8.90) and 10.37 (1.59-67.43), respectively, with adjustment for age, gender and pubertal status. The FTO rs9939609 SNP modifies the effect of obesity on HBP in Chinese children, with obese ones carrying the AA homozygous genotype of the FTO rs9939609 having the highest risk of developing HBP.