Blood Pressure In Women Research Articles

Gender-specific associations between sleep stages and cardiovascular risk factors.

Sleep characteristics are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and both sleep and CVD risk vary by gender. Our objective was to examine associations between polysomnographic sleep characteristics and CVD risk after excluding moderate-severe sleep apnea, and whether gender modifies these associations. This was a cross-sectional study with at-home polysomnography in adults in Brazil (n= 1,102 participants with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)<15 events/hour). Primary exposures were N3, REM, wake after sleep onset (WASO), arousal index (AI) and AHI, and outcomes were blood pressure (BP) and lipid levels. Associations between sleep and BP varied by gender. In women, more N3 was associated with lower systolic BP (-0.40 mmHg per 10 minutes, 95%CI -0.71, -0.09), lower diastolic BP (-0.29 mmHg per 10 minutes, 95%CI -0.50, -0.07), and lower odds of hypertension (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.89, 0.98). In men, more WASO was associated with higher systolic BP (0.41 mmHg per 10 minutes, 95%CI 0.08, 0.74) and higher odds of hypertension (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.01, 1.14). No interactions by gender were observed for lipids. More WASO was associated with lower total cholesterol (-0.71 per 10 minutes, 95%CI -1.37, -0.05). Higher AHI was associated with higher total cholesterol (+0.97 per event/hour, 95%CI 0.24, 1.70) and higher LDL (+0.84 per event/hour, 95%CI 0.04, 1.64). N3 is more strongly associated with BP in women, which is consistent with other studies demonstrating gender differences in BP control and CVD risk and adds a novel risk factor. Longitudinal and interventional studies are required to determine whether changes in N3 result in BP changes.

Effect Cookies Made from (Musa acuminata Cavendish and Cucumis sativus) and Self Talk against Reducing Urine Protein Levels and Blood Pressure in Women of Childbearing Age Pre Hypertension

Effect Cookies Made from (Musa acuminata Cavendish and Cucumis sativus) and Self Talk against Reducing Urine Protein Levels and Blood Pressure in Women of Childbearing Age Pre Hypertension

The Prevalence of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome among Polish Women without Pre-Existing Cardiovascular Conditions and Diabetes: A Multicenter Study in Poland.

Background: A very prevalent problem worldwide is not only the high prevalence of chronic conditions but also the high frequency of their underdiagnosis and unhealthy lifestyles, both resulting in the development and inadequate treatment of civilization diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of abnormal metabolic parameters among Polish women aged >35 years who have not yet been diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes or chronic kidney disease, as well as evaluate their lifestyles and look for relationships between individual lifestyle parameters and metabolic abnormalities. Methods: This was a multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study conducted on a group of women aged ≥ 35 years without previous cardiovascular disease, diabetes or chronic kidney disease. As part of the study, patients had anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests performed (serum glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, non-HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) and completed the HLPCQ (the Healthy Lifestyle and Personal Control Questionnaire). Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference ≥ 88 cm. Results: The study included 672 women considered healthy. In the analyzed group of women, 20.6% met the criteria for a diagnosis of obesity based on BMI, and 36.8% were diagnosed with abdominal obesity. In addition, 16.8% of the women had an abnormal fasting blood glucose result. Moreover, 46.4% of the women's blood pressure measurements were above the normal range, and as many as 57.7% of the women had abnormal non-HDL levels. In addition, 150 women met the criteria for a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. These conditions were far more common in women diagnosed with obesity. Physical activity was associated with a reduced risk of developing obesity and metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: The underdiagnosis of chronic conditions in the study population is high. More than 20% of women met the criteria for a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, the prevalence of which was significantly higher in patients with obesity. A healthy lifestyle was associated with a reduced risk of developing metabolic syndrome and its individual components. It is necessary to actively search for chronic conditions in patients, which requires the involvement of not only healthcare system employees but also government representatives.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Yoga on Blood Pressure in Women Between the Ages of 30 and 40 Years

High blood pressure or hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study aims to prove the effectiveness of aerobic exercise and yoga in lowering blood pressure in mothers. The study was conducted using experimental methods and involved 28 participants selected by purposive sampling from Nogosari village, Boyolali regency, Indonesia, during 12 sessions. Blood pressure data were collected from participants with hypertension before and after aerobic exercise and yoga. Measurements were taken on participants for 12 sessions in one month using a blood pressure monitor. The device used in this study was a sphygmomanometer ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Statistical tests were performed using independent samples t-tests with a significance level of p &amp;lt;0.05. The results of the homogeneity test showed that the systolic and diastolic variance in the control and experimental groups had the same variance with a significance level of p &amp;lt; 0.05. The results of both mean difference tests showed that there were significant differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the aerobic and yoga groups. This can be seen from the value of P-value Independent Samples t-test &amp;lt; 0.05. The results showed that low-impact aerobic exercise and yoga had a significant effect on blood pressure in women aged 30-40 years. Based on these data, it can be concluded that there is a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure from the category of moderate hypertension to normal-high in women aged 30-40 years after doing aerobic exercise and yoga.

Effect of pre-eclampsia on lactogenesis: Breastfeeding and the effect of breastfeeding on women's postpartum blood pressure

Preeclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy, affecting 3 to 8% of all pregnancies and endangering both the pregnant woman and the fetus. The predominant etiological origin of preeclampsia has been shown to result from abnormal placentation, leading to abnormal remodeling of the spiral arteries and placental ischemia. The placenta plays an important role in pregnancy as it produces a multitude of hormones which are necessary for the maintenance of women's physiology, the development of embryos and also for the promotion of the developed mammary epithelium, so that breastfeeding becomes possible postnatally. Human breast milk is the most valuable nutritional source for infants. Women with preeclampsia more often have problems with lactogenesis II and breastfeeding than women without. It appears that the effect of preeclampsia on breastfeeding is multifactorial in nature and that a strong predictor of breastfeeding outcome is women's intention to breastfeed. Women with hypertensive disorders breastfeed for a shorter period of time and use the formula more easily. Breastfeeding appears to be protectively associated with blood pressure in later life in women, and the shortest duration of breastfeeding associated with benefit is one month. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the mechanism of delayed galactogenesis II in the presence of preeclampsia. Education about the benefits of breastfeeding to prevent hypertension in women is a low-risk intervention and may have a positive impact on cardiovascular outcomes in mothers over time.

Effect of exercise modalities on postexercise hypotension in pre- and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hormonal changes associated with menopause increase the risk of hypertension. Postexercise hypotension (PEH) is an important tool in the prevention and management of hypertension; however, menopause may alter this response. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis [International Prospective Registered of Systematic Review (PROSPERO): CRD42023297557] was to evaluate the effect of exercise modalities (aerobic, AE; resistance, RE; and combined exercise, CE: AE + RE) on PEH in women, according to their menopausal status (premenopausal or postmenopausal). We searched controlled trials in PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Science Direct published between 1990 and March 2023. Inclusion criteria were normotensive, pre- and hypertensive, pre- and postmenopausal women who performed an exercise session compared with a control session and reported systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) for at least 30 min after the sessions. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Standardized mean differences (Hedge's g) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and Q-test and Z-test were conducted to assess differences between moderators. Forty-one trials with 718 women (474 menopausal) were included. Overall, we found with moderate evidence that SBP and DBP decreased significantly after exercise session (SBP: g = -0.69, 95% CI -0.87 to -0.51; DBP: g = -0.31, 95% CI -0.47 to -0.14), with no difference between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Regarding exercise modalities, RE is more effective than AE and CE in lowering blood pressure (BP) in women regardless of menopausal status. In conclusion, women's menopausal status does not influence the magnitude of PEH, and the best modality to reduce BP in women seems to be RE.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This meta-analysis has demonstrated that a single bout of exercise induces postexercise hypotension (PEH) in women and that the hormonal shift occurring with menopause does not influence the magnitude of PEH. However, we have shown with moderate evidence that the effectiveness of exercise modalities differs between pre- and postmenopausal women. Resistance and combined exercises are the best modalities to induce PEH in premenopausal women, whereas resistance and aerobic exercises are more effective in postmenopausal women.

The relationship between mid-upper arm circumference and blood pressure in Walter Sisulu University community.

Prevalence of hypertension is increasing to higher levels in South Africa. Anthropometric measures for obesity are well known to predict the development of hypertension. However, the relationship between mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and blood pressure (BP) is scant in South African communities such as universities. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the correlation between MUAC and BP among the community of Walter Sisulu University (WSU). A total of 230 participants from WSU (students and staff members), 113 females and 117 males aged ≥ 18 years participated in this cross-sectional study. MUAC, systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were measured using standard procedures. In a Pearson's correlation analysis, MUAC was positively correlated with SBP and DBP in both women (SBP; r = 0.53, P< 0.001; DBP; r = 0.45 P < 0.001) and men (SBP; r = 0.29 P = 0.001; DBP; r = 0.25 P = 0.007). Furthermore, in the multivariable-adjusted regression analysis, MUAC was positively associated with SBP in women only (adjusted R2 = 0.489, β = 0.29 (95% CI = 0.16; 2.08)), P =0.023) after adjusted for age, body fat percentage, waist-to-height ratio, smoking and alcohol. MUAC is positively correlated with BP in women, not in men of WSU community. MUAC, as a simple and low-cost quantifiable parameter, could be employed as a risk indicator in the early detection and prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in women.

Sex differences in blood pressure regulation and hypertension: renal, hemodynamic, and hormonal mechanisms.

The teleology of sex differences has been argued since at least as early as Aristotle's controversial Generation of Animals more than 300 years BC, which reflects the sex bias of the time to contemporary readers. Although the question "why are the sexes different" remains a topic of debate in the present day in metaphysics, the recent emphasis on sex comparison in research studies has led to the question "how are the sexes different" being addressed in health science through numerous observational studies in both health and disease susceptibility, including blood pressure regulation and hypertension. These efforts have resulted in better understanding of differences in males and females at the molecular level that partially explain their differences in vascular function and renal sodium handling and hence blood pressure and the consequential cardiovascular and kidney disease risks in hypertension. This review focuses on clinical studies comparing differences between men and women in blood pressure over the life span and response to dietary sodium and highlights experimental models investigating sexual dimorphism in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, vascular, sympathetic nervous, and immune systems, endothelin, the major renal sodium transporters/exchangers/channels, and the impact of sex hormones on these systems in blood pressure homeostasis. Understanding the mechanisms governing sex differences in blood pressure regulation could guide novel therapeutic approaches in a sex-specific manner to lower cardiovascular risks in hypertension and advance personalized medicine.

Terapi Mindfulness pada Ibu Hamil Hipertensi di Wilayah Puskesmas Pajarakan Probolinggo

High blood pressure during pregnancy is a disease that often threatens pregnancy. This condition causes several factors for the fetus such as (fetal growth is also hampered in the womb, stillbirth in the womb, premature birth). Hypertension is a dangerous disease, especially if it occurs in pregnant women, so it needs special treatment because it can reduce blood flow to the placenta, which will affect the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the baby. The aim of this community service is to help lower the blood pressure of pregnant women with hypertension through the application of Mindfulness therapy. The methods used are health education and demonstrations of mindfulness based on breathing exercises. The results of this community service activity were that pregnant women's knowledge about mindfulness therapy increased from 14% to 88%, participants were able to demonstrate mindfulness therapy well by 91% and pregnant women's blood pressure decreased by 86.38%.

Vitamin D Supplementation and Sun Exposure Maintain Blood Pressures of Pregnant Women and Increase Birth Weight in a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Vitamin D supplementation or sun exposure increase pregnant women's Calcidiol levels, lower the blood pressures and increase birth weight. We aimed to compare the effects between sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation on pregnant women's Calcidiol levels, blood pressures and newborns' anthropometric indices. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 108 pregnant women at 20 wk of gestation on 2021's dry season in Semarang City, Indonesia. The subjects were randomly and evenly divided into 3 groups of 36 subjects (sunlight exposure, vitamin D supplement, and control). Vitamin D group received 1000 IU daily and sun exposure group was recommended to have 15-30 min for 3 times/week for 17 wk. Compliance was monitored every 2 d through home visits. Calcidiol levels, blood pressures, in all groups were compared before and after intervention. The increments and the newborn anthropometric indices were compared between the groups and controlled for confounding factors. At baseline, all groups had vitamin D deficiency, different mean Calcidiol levels, systolic, and diastolic blood pressures. The mean Calcidiol levels increased in the sun exposure and vitamin D group after the intervention. Systolic blood pressure decreased in the vitamin D group only (P=0.019). The mean birth weight was the highest in the vitamin D group (3,172±181.8 g) compared to the sun exposure (3,091±362.5g) and control groups (2,861 ± 208.0 g). Vitamin D supplementation and sun exposure increased Calcidiol levels and birth weights. Vitamin D supplementation maintained systolic blood pressure.

FRI411 Pharmacologically Induced Hypoestrogenism And Experimentally Induced Menopause-Pattern Sleep Fragmentation Independently Influence Circulating Lipids, Heart Rate, And Blood Pressure In Women

Abstract Disclosure: L.K. Grant: Grant Recipient; Self; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Women’s Health Access Matters. A. Cohn: None. S. Crawford: None. J. Harder: Consulting Fee; Self; Altman Health, O’Rouke &amp; Hawk, LLP. Grant Recipient; Self; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, President and Fellows of Harvard College. Owner/Co-Owner; Self; Jessica Harder, MD. Stock Owner; Self; Altman Health. Other; Self; Centerfield Media Holding Company. M.D. Nathan: None. I. Gonsalvez: None. T. Luo: None. E. Menezes: None. A. Roy: None. A. Wiley: None. F.A. Scheer: Consulting Fee; Self; University of Alabama. Other; Self; Board of Directors for the Sleep Research Society. E. Klerman: Consulting Fee; Self; American Academy of Sleep Medicine Foundation, Sleep Research Society Foundation, Circadian Therapeutics, National Sleep Foundation, Yale University Press. U.B. Kaiser: None. S. Mora: Consulting Fee; Self; Pfizer, Inc. J. Taylor: None. H. Joffe: Consulting Fee; Self; Bayer, Inc., Hello Therapeutics. Grant Recipient; Self; Merck, Pfizer, Inc., NIH. S.A. Rahman: Consulting Fee; Self; Sultan &amp; Knight Limited, Bambu Vault LLC, Lucidity Lighting Inc. Grant Recipient; Self; Seoul Semiconductor Co. Ltd, Biological Innovation and Optimization Systems, LLC, Pfizer, Inc., Merck &amp; Co., Lighting Science Group. Speaker; Self; Starry Skies Lake Superior, University of Minnesota Medical School, PennWell Corp, Seoul Semiconductor Co. Ltd. Stock Owner; Self; Melcort Inc. Introduction: The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women increases at menopause. Although declining levels of estradiol (E2) have been implicated in the increase in CVD risk for midlife women, it remains difficult to isolate these effects from the parallel changes in chronological age, and other potential contributing, mediating and modifying factors such as menopause-pattern sleep fragmentation (increased awakenings but no change in overall sleep duration). Here, we investigated whether hypo-estrogenism (hypo-E2) and sleep fragmentation increase CVD risk factors [lipids, blood pressure (BP)] in an experimental menopause model implemented in premenopausal women. Method: Two 5-night inpatient studies performed in the mid-to-late follicular phase (E2 = 48.7±29.5 pg/mL) and repeated following leuprolide-induced hypo-E2 (E2 = 7.5±5.9 pg/mL) were completed in 27 premenopausal women (mean age = 28.4±5.6 years). Each admission involved 2 nights of unfragmented sleep [8-h time-in-bed (TIB)] followed by 3 nights of sleep fragmentation, induced by auditory stimuli distributed across the night, producing 1-hr of cumulative wakefulness while enabling equal sleep opportunity (9-h TIB). BP and heart rate (HR) measurements were collected within 1 hour of wake in a semi-supine position each morning; fasting serum lipids were collected during unfragmented sleep and again after 3 nights of sleep fragmentation, during both inpatient stays. The effect of sleep fragmentation, E2 state and their interaction were assessed using generalized linear models to account for repeated measures. Results: Relative to the estrogenized state, the hypo-E2 state had a significant increase in total cholesterol (156±5 vs. 167±6 mg/dL, p&amp;lt;.001), triglycerides (72±5 vs 79±7 mg/dL, p&amp;lt;.001), HDL-C (58±3 vs. 62±3 mg/dL, p&amp;lt;.01), LDL-C (81±4 vs. 86±5 mg/dL, p&amp;lt;.05) and mean arterial pressure (MAP; 79±1 vs. 81±1 mmHg, p&amp;lt;.05) and a trend toward increased diastolic BP (63±1 vs. 65±1 mmHg, p=.07), with a significant compensatory decrease in HR (67±2 vs. 65±2 bpm, p&amp;lt;.001). Compared to the unfragmented sleep condition, sleep fragmentation resulted in a significant increase in HR (64±2 vs. 68±2 bpm, p&amp;lt;.001) and a trend toward increased systolic BP (109±1 vs. 110±1 mmHg, p=.08). There was no effect of sleep fragmentation on lipid levels, diastolic BP, or MAP, and no interaction between sleep fragmentation and E2 for any of the variables. Conclusion: These experimental findings show that pharmacologically induced hypo-E2, but not sleep fragmentation, increase circulating lipids levels in pre-menopausal women. Additionally, pharmacological E2-suppression increased BP and decreased HR, whereas sleep fragmentation increased both BP and HR. Together, these findings suggest that both E2 decline, and sleep fragmentation may uniquely contribute to the increase in CVD risk during the menopause transition. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

The Effect of Coping Therapy on Blood Pressure of Under-stress Women

Background and Aim: Blood pressure is a common problem in people exposed to stress and is an important part of the physiological science of the heart. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of coping therapy on blood pressure as an important indicator of the physiological function of the heart in women exposed to stress. Materials and Methods: Blood pressure is a common problem in people exposed to stress and is an important part of the physiological science of the heart. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of coping therapy on blood pressure as an important indicator of the physiological function of the heart in women exposed to stress. Results: In the post-test phase, coping therapy reduced systolic blood pressure (P&lt;0.05 and F=5.87), but diastolic blood pressure (P&lt;0.05 and F=1.86) had no effect. follow-up stage, treatment was not significant for systolic blood pressure (P&lt;0.05 and F=0.48) and diastolic blood pressure (P&lt;0.05 and F=2.97). Conclusion: Coping therapy can be effective in improving blood pressure in women with stress in interpersonal relationships. As a result, this treatment can be a way to improve the physiological function of the heart, especially women's blood pressure.

Arterial Stiffness in Overweight and Obesity: Association with Sex, Age, and Blood Pressure.

Obesity has been associated with increased arterial stiffness. Sex-differences in arterial stiffness in obesity have been less explored. To explore sex-differences in arterial stiffness by applanation tonometry in 323 women and 225 with overweight and obesity, free of cardiovascular disease. Covariables of arterial stiffness were identified in multivariable linear regression analyses in the total cohort and separately in women and men. In the total study cohort, women had higher augmentation pressure (AP) and augmentation index (AIx), and lower carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) than men, independent of confounders (all p < 0.001). In sex-specific analyses, higher AP was associated with higher age and 24-hours systolic blood pressure (BP), and with lower heart rate in women (all p < 0.001), and with higher age and BP in men (all p < 0.001). Similarly, higher AIx was associated with higher age and BP, and lower body mass index (BMI) and heart rate in women (all p < 0.05), and with higher age in men (all p < 0.001). Higher cf-PWV correlated with higher age and BP in women (all p < 0.005), and additionally with higher heart rate and non-smoking in men (all p < 0.05). When replacing BMI with waist-hip ratio, higher waist-hip ratio was associated with higher cf-PWV in men only (p < 0.05). Among subjects with overweight and obesity, AP and AIx were higher in women, and cf-PWV was higher in men. Age and 24-hours systolic BP were the main factors associated with arterial stiffness in both sexes, while measures of adiposity had little impact on arterial stiffness.

Sex differences in associations of plasma metabolites with blood pressure and heart rate variability: The HELIUS study

Background and aimsSince plasma metabolites can modulate blood pressure (BP) and vary between men and women, we examined sex differences in plasma metabolite profiles associated with BP and sympathicovagal balance. Our secondary aim was to investigate associations between gut microbiota composition and plasma metabolites predictive of BP and heart rate variability (HRV). MethodsFrom the HELIUS cohort, we included 196 women and 173 men. Office systolic BP and diastolic BP were recorded, and heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) were calculated using finger photoplethysmography. Plasma metabolomics was measured using untargeted LC-MS/MS. Gut microbiota composition was determined using 16S sequencing. We used machine learning models to predict BP and HRV from metabolite profiles, and to predict metabolite levels from gut microbiota composition. ResultsIn women, best predicting metabolites for systolic BP included dihomo-lineoylcarnitine, 4-hydroxyphenylacetateglutamine and vanillactate. In men, top predictors included sphingomyelins, N-formylmethionine and conjugated bile acids. Best predictors for HRV in men included phenylacetate and gentisate, which were associated with lower HRV in men but not in women. Several of these metabolites were associated with gut microbiota composition, including phenylacetate, multiple sphingomyelins and gentisate. ConclusionsPlasma metabolite profiles are associated with BP in a sex-specific manner. Catecholamine derivatives were more important predictors for BP in women, while sphingomyelins were more important in men. Several metabolites were associated with gut microbiota composition, providing potential targets for intervention.

Effect of Breathing Relaxation Techniques on Changes in Blood Pressure among Pregnant Women with Pre-Eclampsia

Hypertension in pregnancy is a pregnancy complication and is one of the three highest causes of mortality and morbidity. Deep breathing relaxation therapy can increase oxygen saturation, improve oxygenation in the blood, and create a relaxed state in the body. This study aims to analyze the effect of breathing relaxation techniques on changes in blood pressure of pregnant women with preeclampsia at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic, Tongas Hospital, Probolinggo Regency. This study used a one-group pre-post test design (pre-experimental) using a cross-sectional study approach with 30 respondents using an accidental sampling technique. Data collection includes coding, editing, and tabulating, then analyzed manually and by computer with the Paired T-Test. Based on data from 30 respondents, the majority of pregnant women's blood pressure before being given a breathing relaxation technique experienced moderate blood pressure as many as 15 respondents (50%), while the blood pressure of pregnant women after being given a breathing relaxation technique experienced mild hypertension was 0.19 respondents (63, 3 %). obtained P Value: 0.000 and a = 0.05, meaning r &lt;a, so that H0 is rejected, and Ha is accepted, and there is an influence of the breathing relaxation technique on changes in blood pressure of pre-eclampsia pregnant women at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic, Tongas Hospital, Probolinggo Regency. Respiratory relaxation therapy can be done independently, is relatively easy to do compared to other non-pharmacological therapies, does not take long in therapy, and can reduce the side effects of pharmacological therapy. for pregnant women with hypertension.

Testosterone effects on autonomic function in women with androgen excess polycystic ovary syndrome

Women with androgen excess-polycystic ovarian syndrome (AE-PCOS) present with increased blood pressure (BP) and impaired cardiovascular autonomic control. We tested the hypothesis that androgens play an obesity-independent role in impaired baroreflex (BR) sensitivity and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) control of BP in women with AE-PCOS. We measured the sympathetic baroreflex (sBR) and cardiovagal baroreflex (cvBR) with the modified Oxford procedure, and integrated baroreflex (iBR) and the RAS response to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in obese, insulin resistant (IR) women with AE-PCOS (n=9; age=23±4 y; BMI=36.3±6.4 kg/m2) and obese, IR controls (CTL) (n=7; age=29±7 y; BMI=34.9±6.8 kg/m2). Studies were conducted at baseline (BSL), after 4 days of reproductive hormone suppression with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (ANT, 250 μg/day), and after 4 days of ANT+testosterone (ANT+T, 5 mg/day). At BSL, AE-PCOS and CTL had similar systolic BP (137±14 vs.133±14 mmHg, respectively) and diastolic BP (76±8 vs.63±12 mmHg, respectively). Resting MSNA burst incidence was lower (10.3±3.1 vs. 14.3±4.4 bursts-1×100 hb, P=0.04), but total MSNA activity was greater in AE-PCOS compared to CTL (249±112 vs. 156±44 bursts/min, respectively, P=0.04). Hormone intervention did not impact resting MSNA or BP in either group. In the AE-PCOS group, sBR gain increased during modified Oxford with ANT suppression of T, but sBR gain was restored to BSL when T was reintroduced (-0.48±0.15, -0.63±0.19, and -0.50±0.15 bursts -1 ·100 hb·mmHg -1 for BSL, ANT and ANT+T, respectively, P=0.01). Hormone interventions did not impact sBR gain in CTL (-0.48±0.06, -0.47±0.10, and -0.46±0.09 bursts -1 ·100 hb·mmHg -1 for BSL, ANT and ANT+T, respectively). iBR gain for AE-PCOS and CTL was similar at BSL (1.4±0.9 vs. 1.0±1.3 FVR unit/mmHg, respectively). In AE-PCOS, T suppression increased iBR gain, which was restored to BSL with ANT+T (4.3±6.5 vs.1.5±0.8 FVR unit/mmHg for ANT and ANT+T respectively, P&lt;0.04), with no effect in CTL (1.9 ± 3.0 vs. 0.7±0.9 FVR unit/mmHg for ANT and ANT+T, respectively). cvBR gain was unaffected by group or treatment. Serum aldosterone was greater in AE-PCOS vs CTL (136.5±60.2 vs. 75.7±41.4 pg/ml, respectively, P&lt;0.04), but unaffected by hormone intervention. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme (S [ACE] ) in AE-PCOS was greater compared to CTL at BSL (101.9±93.4 vs. 38.2 ±14.7 pg/ml, respectively, P&lt;0.04). In AE-PCOS, S [ACE] was reduced by ANT (77.7 ±76.5 and 40.6±10.6 μg/L for ANT vs. ANT+T, respectively, P&lt;0.04), but hormone intervention did not impact CTL (43.4±27.3 and 40.6±1 μg/L for ANT vs. ANT+T, respectively, P&lt;0.04). These data suggest the milieu of AE-PCOS increases susceptibility to T driven autonomic perturbations as T elevation had differential effects in AE-PCOS vs. CTL. Our data indicate a powerful relationship among elevated androgens, autonomic function, and the kidney.NIH HL135089/P20GM 121334 National Institutes of Health, NHLBI HL135089 This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Household disorder and blood pressure in mother-child dyads: A brief report.

High blood pressure (BP) is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although factors outside the home, such as crime and noise, have been associated with high BP in women and children, it is unknown if disorder within the home (household disorder) influences BP. We tested the hypothesis that women and children with more household disorder would have higher BP, independent of age, race, sodium intake, and body mass index (BMI). This study was a secondary analysis of data from mother-child dyads (n = 216). Mothers were 87% African American, 34 ± 5 years old, with BMI 33.59 ± 9.43 kg/m². Children were 7 ± 2 (range: 4-10) years of age with BMI z score 0.60 ± 2.07. Household disorder was measured by the Confusion Hubbub and Order Scale. Mother-child dyads were assessed for weight, height, BP (adults), BP percentile (children), energy intake, and sodium intake. The relationship between household disorder and BP was evaluated using Pearson's partial correlation coefficients. In fully adjusted models, household disorder was positively associated with systolic BP for mothers (r = 0.15, p < .05) and tended to be positively associated with diastolic BP (r = 0.11, p = .10). For the children, household disorder was not associated with systolic or diastolic BP percentile. This study's results suggest that household disorder is positively associated with higher BP in adult women, but not their children. Nevertheless, these data suggest that interventions to address household disorder could benefit maternal BP and potentially improve long-term CVD outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD): an antihypertensive nutritional approach

BackgroundObesity is accompanied by hormonal, inflammatory and endothelial alterations. These alterations induce a stimulation of several other mechanisms that contribute to the hypertensive state and to increase the cardiovascular morbidity. This pilot, open - label, single- center, prospective clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effect of very low- calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) on blood pressure (BP) in women with of obesity and hypertension.MethodsA total of 137 women, who met the inclusion criteria and accepted to adhere to VLCKD, were consecutively enrolled. Assessment of anthropometric parameters (weight, height, and waist circumference), body composition (through bioelectrical impedance analysis), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and blood sample collection were carried out at baseline and after 45 days of the active phase of VLCKD.ResultsAfter VLCKD all the women experienced a significant reduction in body weight and an overall improvement of body composition parameters. In addition, high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs- CRP) levels were significantly diminished (p < 0.001), while phase angle (PhA) increased by almost 9% (p < 0.001). Interestingly, both SBP and DBP were significantly improved (-12.89% and − 10.77%, respectively; p < 0.001). At baseline, SBP and DBP showed statistically significant correlations with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hs-CRP levels, PhA, total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), Na / K ratio, and fat mass. Even after VLCKD, all correlations among SBP and DBP with the study variables were statistically significant, except for the association between DBP and Na / K ratio. Changes (%) in both SBP and DBP were associated with ∆BMI%, ∆PhA% and ∆hs- CRP levels (p < 0.001). In addition, only ∆SBP% was associated with ∆waist circumference (p = 0.017), ∆TBW (p = 0.017), and ∆fat mass (p < 0.001); while only ∆DBP% was associated with ∆ECW (p = 0.018), and ∆Na / K ratio (p = 0.048). After adjusting for ∆BMI, ∆WC, ∆PhA, ∆TBW, and ∆fat mass, the correlation between changes in ∆SBP and ∆hs -CRP levels remained statistically significant (p < 0.001). Similarly, the correlation between ∆DBP and ∆hs- CRP levels also remained statistically significant after adjustment for ∆BMI, ∆PhA, ∆Na / K ratio, and ∆ECW (p < 0.001). From multiple regression analysis ∆hs- CRP levels seemed to be the main predictor of changes of BP (p < 0.001).ConclusionVLCKD reduces BP in women with of obesity and hypertension in a safely manner.

A Descriptive Study of Impaired Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure in Women with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and its Foetomaternal Outcome

A Descriptive Study of Impaired Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure in Women with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and its Foetomaternal Outcome

MATERNAL AND FETAL RESPONSE ON PRENATAL EXERCISE: AN QUASI EXPERIMENTAL PILOT STUDY

Despite the positive effects of exercise during pregnancy, only a small percentage of pregnant women choose to exercise because of concerns about fetal safety. The purpose of this study was to determine if the selected physiological functions of pregnant women increase or decrease to a limit that is still safe, and what effect this has on fetal heart rate and movement, depending on the type of exercise and physical activity of the pregnant women prior to pregnancy. An experimental study was conducted. Measurements of the pregnant women's heart rate, saturation, blood pressure, and body temperature, fetal heart rate, and fetal movements before and after exercise were collected. Exercises with two different levels of intensities (yoga-low and pilates-moderate) were compared. Thirty-one pregnant Slovenian women with gestational age between 20 and 37 weeks were included in the sample. When comparing pre and post exercise measurements, statistically significant differences were found in post exercise body temperature (p = 0.005) and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.007) compared with pre-exercise measurements. When comparing the results between yoga and Pilates exercise sessions, no statistically significant differences were found. When comparing results related to pre-pregnancy physical activity, significant differences in pre-exercise saturation were found (p = 0.041). Despite small sample size, results indicate that moderate physical activity in pregnancy has no significant effect on the vital functions of the pregnant woman that could indirectly endanger foetus. Larger study should be performed, to confirm these preliminary results.