Blood Plasma Protein Binding Research Articles

Per, and -Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Human Vitamin D Deficiency and Blood Plasma Protein Binding

Per, and -Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Human Vitamin D Deficiency and Blood Plasma Protein Binding

A food web bioaccumulation model for the accumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in fish: how important is renal elimination?

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large class of highly fluorinated anthropogenic chemicals. Some PFAS bioaccumulate in aquatic food webs, thereby posing risks for seafood consumers. Existing models for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) perform poorly for ionizable PFAS. Here we adapt a well-established food web bioaccumulation model for neutral POPs to predict the bioaccumulation behavior of six perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and two perfluoroalkyl ether acids (HFPO-DA, 9-Cl-PF3ONS) produced as PFAA replacements. The new model includes sorption to blood plasma proteins and phospholipids, empirically parameterized membrane transport, and renal elimination for PFAAs. Improved performance relative to prior models without these updates is shown by comparing simulations to field and lab measurements. PFAS with eight or more perfluorinated carbons (ηpfc ≥ 8, i.e., C8 perfluorosulfonic acid, C10–C11 perfluorocarboxylic acid, 9-Cl-PF3ONS) are often the most abundant in aquatic food webs. The new model reproduces their observed bioaccumulation potential within a factor of two for >80% of fish species, indicating its readiness to support development of fish consumption advisories for these compounds. Results suggest bioaccumulation of ηpfc ≥ 8 PFAS is primarily driven by phospholipid partitioning, and that renal elimination is negligible for these compounds. However, specific protein binding mechanisms are important for reproducing the observed tissue concentrations of many shorter-chain PFAAs, including protein transporter-mediated renal elimination. Additional data on protein-binding and membrane transport mechanisms for PFAS are needed to better understand the biological behavior of shorter-chain PFAAs and their alternatives.

Preparation and Evaluation of Isoniazid Microbeads by using Different Membrane

Current experimental investigation is dedicated to formulated alginate floating microbeads of Isoniazid as a model drug by ion cross-linking method or ion gelation technique using calcium chloride as cross-linking agent. Drug effectiveness might be influenced by blood plasma protein binding. The less bound drug is more viable it can cross cell membrane and diffuse. Protein binding can impact the drug’s biological half-life in the body. Isoniazid was first generation antibiotic which are used for the resistance is an obstacle to the treatment of tuberculosis disease and latent tuberculosis infection. The permeability of Isoniazid study using different membrane (Egg membrane and cellophane membrane). The IN VITRO drug release studies showed the optimized formulation of drug release 91 % in cellophane membrane and 88 % in egg membrane at 60 mins. The percentage buoyancy and swelling index of microbeads F1-F4 respectively 53-72% and 56-76%. The drug entrapment efficiency of the microbeads prepared from sodium alginate alone were found to be in the range of 52-71%.Experimental report revealed that Isoniazid loaded microbeads may act as ideal nano formulation with elaborated studies.