Blood Lactate Clearance Research Articles

Predictive analysis of lactate clearance on the prognosis of patients with large burns

Aims: To examine burn shock monitoring and the connection between lactate clearance and shock prognosis in individuals with severe burns. Materials and methods: This retrospective analysis comprised 100 patients with significant burns treated in our hospital between August 2017 and August 2021. The patients were split into two groups based on whether they survived or not: 50 cases each in the survival and death groups. Both groups had their blood lactate levels, partial pressure of oxygen, and other relevant indices tested. Analysis was done on the correlation between lactate level, lactate clearance, and death as well as the association between lactate clearance and prognosis at each time and point. Results: The lactate clearance rates at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 24 h in the survival group were greater than those in the death group, and the differences were significant (p < 0.05). The lactate clearance rates at each time point were compared at a cut-off of 20%, and patients with 6 h and 12 h blood lactate clearance rates ≥20.0% had lower prognostic morbidity and mortality rates than those <20.0%, with a significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Lactate clearance is directly correlated with the prognosis of patients with severe burns, and survivors also have a high clearance rate. As a result, in patients with severe burns, lactate clearance monitoring during the shock phase can improve prognostic prediction and enable early treatment plan modification based on outcomes.

Effect of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on blood lactate clearance after high-intensity test in adult men.

This study compared the effects of High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on blood lactate clearance. 21 adult males were equally and randomly assigned to the HIIT and MICT groups, and completed 8weeks of training. Before the training intervention, after 4weeks and 8weeks of training, all subjects were tested for blood lactate levels between 0 and 55min after the same high-intensity test. The results show that after 8weeks, blood lactate levels were significantly lower than pre-tests in both the HIIT and MICT groups at "0-55min" after high-intensity test (p < 0.05), and the blood lactate clearance percentage at15-min and 30-min in both groups were significantly higher than the pre-tests (P < 0.01). The blood lactate levels in the HIIT group were significantly lower than those in the MICT group at 15min and 30min after test (P < 0.05), and the blood lactate clearance percentage at 30min in the HIIT group was significantly higher than those in the MICT group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both HIIT and MICT enhance blood lactate clearance in adult males post high-intensity test, with HIIT demonstrating superior effectiveness, making it a viable alternative to MICT.

4-week stretching program after submaximal strength exercise affects performance but not heart rate variability and lactate clearance. An exploratory study.

Previous research has demonstrated that stretching can enhance athletic performance and induce cardiovascular adaptations. This study aims to assess whether a 4-week preventative stretching routine can enhance heart rate variability and heart rate recovery, faster blood lactate clearance, and improve performance following submaximal strength exercises. Twenty-four healthy adults were recruited and randomly allocated to either the experimental group or the control group. Both groups engaged in submaximal strength exercises (5 sets to voluntary failure at 60% of 1RM) comprising bench press and back squat exercises under baseline conditions and after stretching protocol. The experimental group followed the Stretching Protocol, while the control group adhered to their regular training routine. ANOVA analysis revealed a significant pre-post interaction effect between groups in the variable of squat repetitions, although no notable pre- or post-differences were observed in heart rate variability, heart rate recovery, blood lactate concentration, or bench repetitions in either group. A 4-week preventative stretching program does not appear adequate to enhance lactate clearance and cardiovascular adaptation after submaximal strength exercises in resistance-trained individuals compared to the control group. However, it is plausible that such a stretching routine may mitigate muscle fatigue, though further investigation is warranted to substantiate this hypothesis.

Effects of Hormonal Contraception and the Menstrual Cycle on Fatigability and Recovery From an Anaerobic Exercise Test.

Cabre, HE, Ladan, AN, Moore, SR, Joniak, KE, Blue, MNM, Pietrosimone, BG, Hackney, AC, and Smith-Ryan, AE. Effects of hormonal contraception and the menstrual cycle on fatigability and recovery from an anaerobic exercise test. J Strength Cond Res 38(7): 1256-1265, 2024-This study sought to evaluate the effects of oral contraceptive (OC) and hormonal intrauterine device (H-IUD) use, compared with a eumenorrheic (EUM) cycle, on fatigability and recovery between hormone the phases. Peak power (PP), average power (AP), fatigue index (FI), blood lactate, vessel diameter, and blood flow (BF) were measured from a repeated sprint cycle test (10 × 6 seconds) in 60, healthy, active women (mean ± SD ; age: 26.5 ± 7.0 years, BMI: 22.5 ± 3.7 kg·m -2 ) who used monophasic OC (≥6 months; n = 21), had a H-IUD (≥6 months; n = 20), or had regular naturally occurring menstrual cycle (≥3 months) or had a nonhormonal IUD (EUM; n = 19). Subjects were randomly assigned to begin in either the low-hormone phase (LHP) or high-hormone phase (HHP) and were tested once in each phase. Separate univariate analyses of covariances assessed the change from HHP to LHP between the groups, covaried for progesterone, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. All groups demonstrated similar changes in PP, AP, FI, blood lactate, vessel diameter, and BF between the phases ( p > 0.05). Although not significant, AP was higher in LHP for OC (Δ -248.2 ± 1,301.4 W) and EUM (Δ -19.5 ± 977.7 W) and higher in HHP for H-IUD (Δ 369.3 ± 1,123.0 W). Oral contraceptive group exhibited a higher FI (Δ 2.0%) and reduced blood lactate clearance (Δ 2.5%) in HHP. In recreationally active women, hormonal contraception and hormone phases may minimally impact fatigue and recovery. Individual elite female athletes may benefit from understanding hormonal contraception type as performance and recovery may slightly vary across the cycle.

Deciphering recovery paradigms: Foam rolling's impact on DOMS and lactate dynamics in elite volleyball athletes

This study examines the effects of Self-Myofascial Release (SMR) techniques on post-exercise recovery in elite volleyball athletes. Through a controlled investigation involving eighteen Chinese Men's National Volleyball Team athletes, the research assessed the impact of foam rolling (FR) versus passive recovery (PAS) on blood lactate clearance and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS), as measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores. Findings indicated that FR significantly reduces VAS scores and facilitates lactate clearance when compared to PAS, suggesting foam rolling may enhance post-exercise recovery. While confirming foam rolling's benefits, this research calls for further exploration into recovery mechanisms, emphasizing a cautious interpretation of foam rolling as part of a comprehensive recovery strategy.

A review of massage on physiological and psychological performance

This paper aims to succinctly summarize the existing body of literature concerning the effects of massage on sports and exercise performance, particularly focusing on motor skills, neurophysiological factors, and psychological factors. The review adheres to the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) and encompasses a total of 76 articles. The findings suggest that, on the whole, massages do not exert a significant influence on motor skills, except for flexibility. Nevertheless, some studies propose that favorable changes in muscle force and muscular strength may be noticeable 48 hours after undergoing a massage. Regarding neurophysiological aspects, massages do not seem to impact factors such as clearance of blood lactate, circulation in the muscle, blood circulation, temperature in the muscle tissue, or activation of muscles. However, there is substantiated evidence supporting the idea that massages can alleviate pain and mitigate delayed-onset muscle soreness, potentially by reducing creatine kinase enzyme levels and through psychological processes. Additionally, the review underscores the psychological advantages of massage. It is documented that massage treatments lead to a reduction in feelings of depression, stress, anxiety, and perceived fatigue while simultaneously fostering enhancements in mood, relaxation, and opinion about recovery states. Massages may not have a direct impact on certain performance aspects, but they offer notable psychological benefits for sports, and exercise performance is questionable. They also play an indirect role as an important tool for promoting focus, relaxation, and recovery in athletes. Massages can aid athletes in staying mentally and physically prepared during competitions or training sessions.

Lactate clearance versus revised trauma score as a prognostic value of polytrauma patients in emergency department

Background Most deaths of trauma happened within first 48 h due to hemorrhage. Different trauma scores were proposed to assess the trauma severity that is crucial for promptly identifying and treating life-threatening traumatized cases. Blood lactate and lactate clearance (LC) can be indicative for mortality rates in traumatized cases. Aim This work was aimed to evaluate the LC ability to predict high mortality rates for polytrauma patients in the Emergency department versus the revised trauma score. Patient and methods This case-control study was conducted on 200 poly traumatic patients, they were subjected to measuring serum lactate during admission and then 6 h following admission. The revised trauma score (RTS) was documented once during admission. Results By dividing the patients into survived and died groups, the LC was significantly greater in survived group as opposed to died one. Revised traumas score 11 was significantly greater in died group as opposed to survived one. Surviving patients with RTS 11 were significantly lower than score 12. LC can significantly predict mortality (P=0.011 and area under the curve =0.733) at cut-off less than 0.3 with 88.89% sensitivity, 55.5% specificity, 8.6%. Whereas RTS can significantly predict mortality (P &lt;0.001 and area under the curve=0.779) at cut-off less than or equal to 11 with 77.78% sensitivity, 78.01% specificity. Conclusions Although LC could be indicative of mortality rate prediction in polytrauma individuals admitted to the Emergency department, RTS often has better prediction results.

Role of Blood Lactate Clearance in Predicting Outcomes among Septic Patients Admitted to the PICU: A Prospective Cohort Study

Introduction: A crucial metric for evaluating the effectiveness of microcirculation in septic shock is serum lactate. Lactate clearance within the first 24 hours of admission has predictive value for death in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admissions. Higher mortality was observed in septic patients who were unable to clear elevated admission lactate. Aim: To determine the admission lactate level and to investigate whether failure to clear elevated lactate in septic patients can prognosticate high PICU mortality. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted from August 2021 to July 2022 at PICU, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. A total of 75 children, aged two months to 18 years, admitted to the PICU for sepsis or septic shock, were enrolled in the study. The authors measured blood lactate at Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, at 6, 12, and 24 hours. Lactate clearance was calculated, and its association with mortality after 24 hours of PICU stay was measured using the Chi-square test. Results: Out of the total, 55 survived, comprising 31 males (41.3%) and 44 females (58.7%). When comparing admission blood lactate to lactate clearance &gt;10% at 6, 12, and 24 hours, there was no correlation between the two variables and mortality in PICU patients with sepsis. Conclusion: Lactate clearance in the first 24 hours of PICU stay was recommended as a parameter associated with the mortality rate among septic patients. However, the authors did not find any correlation.

Comparing Efficacy of Rhodiola Rosea, Red Goji Berry, and Siraitia Grosvenorii in Physical Recovery After Aerobic Exercise

This manuscript compares the effects of Rhodiola rosea, red goji berry, and Siraitia grosvenorii on the recovery of physical strength in athletes after aerobic exercise. Subjects were compared for the effects of different treatments on changes in physiological (heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and vertical jump-and-reach performance) and biochemical (blood lactic acid, creatine kinase, and blood urea nitrogen) markers after four weeks of aerobic exercise. After four weeks of aerobic exercise, the heart rate of all groups of athletes increased rapidly, the level of fatigue deepened, the vertical jump-andreach performance decreased, and the levels of blood lactic acid, creatine kinase, and blood urea nitrogen all increased to varying degrees. At the 12th minute after exercise, the heart rate of the Rhodiola rosea group, the red goji berry group, and the Siraitia grosvenorii group recovered faster, the RPE value was lower, and the vertical jump-and-reach performance was better compared with the control, P &lt; 0.05; moreover, the levels of all three biochemical markers were all significantly lower than those of the control group. In conclusion, the intake of these nutrients can promote the recovery of physical strength in athletes, accelerate the clearance of blood lactate, and inhibit the generation of creatine kinase and blood urea nitrogen. Therefore, they can be used as nutritional support for athletes during aerobic exercise.

Effectiveness of Lactate Clearance to Predict In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

To determine the performance of lactate clearance to predict prognosis in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Emergency Medicine, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, from January 2018 to 2022. This study was conducted with 141 patients with UGIB. Lactate clearance was calculated based on the lactate levels at the time of admission and 6th hour. The primary outcome was survival. The secondary outcomes were the need for intensive care unit, endoscopic intervention, blood transfusion, and length of hospital stay. The median age of the patients was 71 years and 65.2% were males. In the non-survivor group; systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, base deficit, delta lactate, and lactate clearance were significantly lower; however, heart rate, baseline lactate and final lactate were significantly higher. The median lactate clearance of survivors and non-survivors were 23.61 and -0.51, respectively (p = 0.002). A unit decrease in lactate clearance increased mortality 1.011-fold. The performance of lactate clearance in predicting mortality was followed as; sensitivity 76.4, specificity 51.4 (AUC = 0.673, p = 0.002), and the cut-off value was 21.51. Lactate clearance was not statistically significant in determining the need for intensive care (p = 0.110), endoscopic intervention (p = 0.152) and blood transfusion (p = 0.266) in UGIB. Lactate clearance was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in UGIB. It is thought that the study will guide clinicians in the differentiation of critically-ill patients and an effective treatment planning. Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage, Lactate, Lactate clearance, Mortality, endoscopy, Blood transfusion, Intensive care.

Evaluation of Blood Lactate Concentrations as a Marker for Resuscitation and Prognosis in Patients with Major Burns

Background Severe burns require appropriate fluid management in the acute phase. A massive volume of intravenous fluid is usually required to ensure adequate end-organ perfusion. Lactate is a product of anaerobic metabolism. A high level of lactate in tissue is direct indication of tissue hypoxia. The correlation between serum lactate and clinical outcome has been well accepted in hemorrhagic and septic shock. However, studies on its use in predicting mortality and morbidity of major burn patients in particular is sparse. Early prediction of outcome in patients with major burn is very likely to aid suitable modification of management strategies. Objective To assess the role of serum lactate measurement as the predictor burn patient's outcome (survivors and non-survivors). Patients and Methods 30 patients with major burn (more than 20% of TBSA) were included. This includes operated/ non-operated patients. Of the 30 patients, 20 were males and 10 were females. All adult burned patients admitted within the first 24h post burn were included in the study. Patients admitted after 24h from the thermal injury, or those who were discharged or died 48h after admission were excluded. Results Serial blood lactate measures were better as a prognostic tool than isolated measure. Reduction or normalization of lactate levels 24 hours after admission was significantly associated with a higher probability of survival. This study confirms the prognostic value of serum lactate for mortality in patients with major burns as serial blood lactate measurements predict mortality in these patients. Conclusion Although many studies reiterate the importance of blood lactate and lactate clearance in predicting mortality in burn patients, the role of these markers in therapy titration is ambiguous. Overzealous fluid resuscitation can cause fluid overload and acute respiratory distress syndrome. little regional data are available to establish the importance of blood lactate. We have demonstrated the association of blood lactate in the first 36 hours of the burn injury with mortality. Further large multicenter prospective studies are required.

Epinephrine Dosing Use During Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Single-Center Retrospective Cohort.

During pediatric cardiac arrest, contemporary guidelines recommend dosing epinephrine at regular intervals, including in patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The impact of epinephrine-induced vasoconstriction on systemic afterload and venoarterial ECMO support is not well-defined. Nested retrospective observational study within a single center. The primary exposure was time from last dose of epinephrine to initiation of ECMO flow; secondary exposures included cumulative epinephrine dose and arrest time. Systemic afterload was assessed by mean arterial pressure and use of systemic vasodilator therapy; ECMO pump flow and Vasoactive-Inotrope Score (VIS) were used as measures of ECMO support. Clearance of lactate was followed post-cannulation as a marker of systemic perfusion. PICU and cardiac ICU in a quaternary-care center. Patients 0-18 years old who required ECMO cannulation during resuscitation over the 6 years, 2014-2020. Patients were excluded if ECMO was initiated before cardiac arrest or if the resuscitation record was incomplete. None. A total of 92 events in 87 patients, with 69 events having complete data for analysis. The median (interquartile range) of total epinephrine dosing was 65 mcg/kg (37-101 mcg/kg), with the last dose given 6 minutes (2-16 min) before the initiation of ECMO flows. Shorter interval between last epinephrine dose and ECMO initiation was associated with increased use of vasodilators within 6 hours of ECMO (p = 0.05), but not with mean arterial pressure after 1 hour of support (estimate, -0.34; p = 0.06). No other associations were identified between epinephrine delivery and mean arterial blood pressure, vasodilator use, pump speed, VIS, or lactate clearance. There is limited evidence to support the idea that regular dosing of epinephrine during cardiac arrest is associated with increased in afterload after ECMO cannulation. Additional studies are needed to validate findings against ECMO flows and clinically relevant outcomes.

The Effect of Passive Rest and Sports Massage Recovery Methods on Blood Lactate Clearance After High-Intensity Exercise

Although there have been many years of research on passive resting and sports massage recovery methods after high-intensity physical exercises, such research is needed because there is still no consensus. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effects of passive resting and sports massage recovery methods on lactic acid concentration after high-intensity exercise. A total of 14 semi-elite football players with an age range of 18.14±.94 years, height 179±.06 cm, body weight 70.17±8 kg and sports experience 8.92±.91 years participated voluntarily. The research consisted of two stages and the Yo-Yo running test was performed at each stage. After the running test in the first stage, the athletes rested passively for 20 minutes, and in the second stage, sports massage was performed to the lower extremity muscles for 20 minutes after the running test. The lactic acid levels of the athletes at each stage were determined at rest, at the end of the exercise, in the middle of recovery, and at the end of recovery. Normality and homogeneity of the data were determined by Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests, respectively. Data were tested with a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc tests were used for pairwise comparisons. Statistically significant results were found between the lactic acid values in the middle and end of recovery of passive resting and sport massage methods performed after the running test (p

The Effects of Massage Therapy on Sport and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review.

A massage is a tool that is frequently used in sports and exercise in general for recovery and increased performance. In this review paper, we aimed to search and systemize current literature findings relating to massages' effects on sports and exercise performance concerning its effects on motor abilities and neurophysiological and psychological mechanisms. The review has been written following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) guidelines. One hundred and fourteen articles were included in this review. The data revealed that massages, in general, do not affect motor abilities, except flexibility. However, several studies demonstrated that positive muscle force and strength changed 48 h after the massage was given. Concerning neurophysiological parameters, the massage did not change blood lactate clearance, muscle blood flow, muscle temperature, or activation. However, many studies indicate pain reduction and delayed onset muscle soreness, which are probably correlated with the reduction of the level of creatine kinase enzyme and psychological mechanisms. In addition, the massage treatment led to a decrease in depression, stress, anxiety, and the perception of fatigue and an increase in mood, relaxation, and the perception of recovery. The direct usage of massages just for gaining results in sport and exercise performance seems questionable. However, it is indirectly connected to performance as an important tool when an athlete should stay focused and relaxed during competition or training and recover after them.

200m breaststroke post-competition blood lactate removal characteristics

The goal of this study was to define the individual model characteristics of lactic acid removal after 200m breaststroke competitive load in a female swimmer in relation to different pool lengths (25m vs. 50m). The second goal was methodological and referred to the presentation of newly applied metrological procedures for the Individual Lactate Recovery Profile modeling. Six races from the competitive season 2021/22 were selected, in which the athlete achieved the most valuable results in relation to the FINA score. To establish the metabolic response of the organism to the competition effort, the method of determining the level of lactate concentration in capillary blood (La in mmol/L) was used. Differences between the mean values of variables were established using ANOVA. The polynomial curve equation function was used to create a blood lactate concentration in a function of recovery time model (La-trecovery). The ANOVA showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the monitored variables and the pool length function (p=.097). The maximum achieved blood lactate concentration in the acute race recovery phase was 13.17 ± 2.81 and 12.08 ± 1.80 mmol/L and the given concentration initially occurred in the time of 240.0 ± 85.6 s and 169.3 ± 79.9 s in the 25 and 50m pool, respectively. In relation to the time of complete passive recovery required to establish acidosis at the level of 2 mmol/L (25 and 50m pool) occurred in 1191.7 ± 481.3 s and 1326.7 ± 405.1 s, while the full index of intensity of blood lactate clearance was 135.7 ± 60.7 s/mmol/L and 124.0 ± 60.7 s/mmol/L for 25m and 50m pool, respectively. Although no statistically significant difference was found between the parameters of recovery in relation to pool length, the offered mathematical models enabled a practical individual approach to controlling the specific adaptation to training for achieving a higher competitive level performance.

Post-stress physioprophylaxis test in soccer players: effects of blood lactate concentrations

Objective: To determine the effects of physioprophylaxis (PP) on blood lactate (BL) concentrations after maximal incremental stress test, considering that this is the application of techniques in sports physiotherapy to reduce signs of muscle fatigue that can trigger injuries due to overload. Materials and Methods: Quantitative study, experimental type, longitudinal section in 12 university players. The group is divided into one control group (CG) with recovery at rest without PP and another experimental group (EG) to which PP is applied at the end of the test. Blood lactate is recorded with Accutrend Plus at the beginning of the test, (1) five minutes after finishing the test (2) and after the PP (3) at two different moments for intra-subject analysis. Results: The following data were obtained regarding blood lactate clearance, Moment 1: Without Plan (WoP) 4.86±1.4 and With Plan (WP) 8.85±1.25 (p&lt;0.05), moment 2: (WoP) 5.6±1.76 and (WP) 7.8±1.3 (p&lt;0.05) in mmol/L, and intra-subject: (WoP): 5.25±1.58; (WP): 8.35±1.33 (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: The clearance of lactate in the blood at 30 minutes post stress test in the EG is bigger than the CG, because they recovered with the physioprophylactic plan.

Acute enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate has negligible effect on anaerobic performance but affects metabolomics and attenuates the gastrointestinal response.

Sodium bicarbonate ingestion before exercise has a performance-enhancing effect on high-intensity exercise. However, gastrointestinal symptoms can be a problematic side-effect. Enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate can attenuate gastrointestinal symptoms following acute bicarbonate loading. In addition, the subsequent effects on exercise performance and metabolomics have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate supplementation on the anaerobic performance, physiological profile, and symptoms of gastrointestinal discomfort after severe-intensity intermittent exercise. At the same time, targeted metabolomics was used to study the changes in urine metabolism after ingestion of enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate and to explore the characteristics of biological metabolism. In a randomized crossover design, twelve male college students completed four Wingate anaerobic 30-s cycling tests (WACT) after consuming a placebo (PL) and two experimental conditions: 0.2 g/kg body mass in enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate pills (ES) or general sodium bicarbonate pills (GS). Blood lactate (BLA), heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and gastrointestinal–symptoms assessment questionnaire (GSAQ) were measured pre-exercise and post-exercise. In contrast, mean power (MP) and peak power (PP) were recorded immediately post-exercise. Urine samples were collected before formal tests and 50 min after the third WACT. Our findings indicate the following: 1) mean power and peak power showed no significant difference among conditions (MP: F2.0, 33 = 0.541, p = 0.587, η2 = 0.032; PP: F2.0, 33 = 0.526, p = 0.596, η2 = 0.031). The PP decline of the ES and GS after the third WACT was lower than that of the PL; 2) There were no significant differences in physiological responses, such as BLA (F2.0, 33.0 = 0.191, p = 0.827, η2 = 0.011) and heart rate (F2, 33 = 0.418, p = 0.662, η2 = 0.025), between the three conditions. Although blood lactate concentration after 10 min of the third WACT was lower with ES and GS than with placebo; 3) Fewer participants experienced gastrointestinal symptoms with enteric-coated than with general sodium bicarbonate; 4) The metabolites with differences among the three conditions 50 min after exercise were 3-phospho-d-glycerate, d-Glucose 6-phosphate, pyruvate, cis-aconitate, oxaloacetate, and citrate. ES had higher levels of 3-phospho-d-glycerate, d-Glucose 6-phosphate, pyruvate, and cis-aconitate than GS. The 3-phospho-d-glycerate, d-Glucose 6-phosphate, pyruvate, and cis-aconitate levels in GS were significantly lower than in PL. In contrast, the citrate level in GS was significantly higher than that in other experimental conditions. Compared to PL, the level of oxaloacetate was higher after exercise in ES. This data suggests that supplementation of enteric-coated and general sodium bicarbonate before exercise can alter energy metabolism following anaerobic exercise, involving the metabolism of 3-phospho-d-glycerate, D-Glucose 6-phosphate, pyruvate, cis-aconitate, oxaloacetate, citrate, and lactate. However, they do not affect anaerobic performance and blood lactate. The supplementation of acute enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate and general sodium bicarbonate can enhance some of the weak effects of blood lactate clearance during anaerobic exercise, which may be beneficial for glycolytic energy supply. In addition, enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate intake mitigates gastrointestinal symptoms compared to general sodium bicarbonate.

Leg fidgeting enhances blood lactate clearance following maximal anaerobic exercise

Low intensity active recovery such as walking appears to be optimal for the clearance of blood lactate (BLa) concentration following high intensity exercise. However, within a sporting context, competition rules or procedural impracticalities often mean walking is not possible. Leg fidgeting during sitting has been shown to increase leg blood flow, which may impact BLa clearance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether leg fidgeting stimulates BLa clearance following high intensity exercise. Using a randomized crossover design, fifteen (7 female) university athletes performed a 30 s Wingate test followed by 15 min of either passive seated rest, or seated leg fidgeting. BLa, heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed pre, immediately post and post 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 min. There was a significant ( p &lt; 0.05) condition × time interaction for BLa. Post hoc analysis found that leg fidgeting caused a significantly greater reduction in BLa compared to sitting at post 6 (fidget 9.9 ± 2.6 vs. sitting 9.9 ± 2.2 mmol·L−1), 9 (9.3 ± 2.3 vs. 9.9 ± 2.1 mmol·L−1), 12 (8.8 ± 2.3 vs. 9.5 ± 2.2 mmol·L−1) and 15 (7.6 ± 2.1 vs. 8.6 ± 2.2 mmol·L−1) min respectively. Overall, leg fidgeting improved BLa clearance by 10% more than passive recovery. No significant interactions were found for HR or RPE. Following high intensity exercise, leg fidgeting may be considered a useful alternative to whole body active recovery when walking is not permitted.

The effect of active vs passive recovery and use of compression garments following a single bout of muscle-damaging exercise

BACKGROUND: Some recovery strategies are needed to reduce or eliminate the effect of negative symptoms caused by exercise. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different types of recovery after single-bout strength exercises on biomarkers of muscle damage, cytokine release and lactate elimination. METHODS: Following familiarization, 10 male volunteers performed four randomized recovery protocols (passive or active recovery with or without compression garments) following a single bout of resistance exercise (squat and deadlift exercises). The blood creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukine-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α) values were measured before and after exercise, and after 24, 48, 72 hours. RESULTS: The CK analysis showed that all protocols significantly increased (p&lt; 0.05) CK activity compared to the pre and 24 h post time points. Interestingly, protocol 3 and 4 significantly decreased (p&lt; 0.05) CK activity compared 24 and 72 h post-exercise. LDH, IL-6, and TNF values did not show significant difference (p&gt; 0.05) at the time points tested. CONCLUSIONS: Active recovery is an effective method for reducing the severity and duration of muscle damage and for accelerating the clearance of blood lactate (BLa) following a single bout of strength training. There is no added benefit of using compression garments.

Central Venous Pressure Measurement Is Associated With Improved Outcomes in Patients With or at Risk for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An Analysis of the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV Database.

BackgroundCentral venous pressure (CVP) monitoring is widely used in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, the formal utility of CVP measurement to altering patient outcomes among ICU patients with or at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has never been investigated. Our study aimed to explore the association of CVP measurement with 28-day mortality specifically in that population.MethodsThis study was based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Patients were divided into CVP and no CVP groups according to whether they had CVP measurement within 24 h of admission to the ICU. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Multivariate regression was used to elucidate the association between CVP measurement and 28-day mortality, and propensity score matching (PSM) and propensity score-based overlap weighting (OW) were employed to verify the stability of our results.ResultsA total of 10,198 patients with or at risk for ARDS were included in our study, of which 4,647 patients (45.6%) belonged to the CVP group. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the early measurement of CVP was independently associated with lower 28-day mortality (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.42–0.57; p < 0.001). This association remained robust after PSM and OW (both p < 0.001). Patients in the CVP group had shorter ICU stay, lower in-hospital mortality, more fluid on day 1 and higher clearance of blood lactate than those in the no CVP group.ConclusionEarly CVP measurement is associated with an improvement in 28-day mortality among a general population of critically ill patients with or at risk for ARDS.