Vein Blood Flow Research Articles

The impact of the suction process on the blood flow in the peristaltic horizontal vein of Henle (Gastro-colic venous trunk GCT)

The impact of the suction process on the blood flow in the peristaltic horizontal vein of Henle (Gastro-colic venous trunk GCT)

Cerebral hemodynamic plasticity related to potential compensatory self-recirculation network in Moyamoya disease: an observational study

Moyamoya disease (MMD) suffers from impaired cerebrovascular hemodynamics and high perioperative complications occurrence. This study aims to propose and evaluate the relationship between intraoperative hemodynamics and perioperative complications, and propose a potential compensatory self-recirculation network in MMD. We prospectively enrolled 63 MMD patients undergone combined revascularization, and patients were divided into decreased and increased group according to decreased and increased microvascular transit time (MVTT), respectively. Mean age of all patients was 45.9 ± 9.4 years. The post-bypass hyperperfusion syndrome occurrence was significantly higher in the decreased MVTT group, and the cerebral infarction occurrence was significantly higher in the increased MVTT group. For the hemodynamics of the recipient artery around anastomosis, the parameters of distal site demonstrated a significant higher intensity and shorter time in the decreased MVTT group, while the parameters of the proximal site demonstrated a significant higher intensity and shorter time in the increased MVTT group. Pre-bypass and post-bypass collision of blood flow in artery and vein were firstly observed and illustrated. Intraoperative hemodynamics showed close relationship with perioperative complications. The blood flow of MMD seems to develop a unique compensatory self-recirculation system and contribute to the clinical complications, providing a new insight to the clinical management the pathology of the disease.

Thrombosed Spermatic Vein-a Rare Cause of Testicular Mass

Acute thrombophlebitis of spermatic vein is an uncommon pathology with an ill-defined etiology. Most patients present with acute testicular or inguinal pain, frequently misdiagnosed as incarcerated inguinal hernia or testicular torsion. We report the case of a 29-year-old male, a policeman with prolonged standing hours, who presented to the clinic for severe left testicular pain and a palpable mass. Doppler-ultrasound revealed left spermatic vein blood flow alteration. CT angiography confirmed the presence of left spermatic vein thrombosis. Conservative management was adopted with anticoagulant and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Spontaneous spermatic vein thrombosis is a rare entity with a high likelihood of misdiagnosis.

The role of umbilical vein blood flow assessment in the prediction of foetal growth: a prospective observational cohort study

The role of umbilical vein blood flow assessment in the prediction of foetal growth: a prospective observational cohort study

Umbilical vein blood flow volume in dichorionic twin pregnancy

Umbilical vein blood flow volume in dichorionic twin pregnancy

The role of umbilical-portal venous hemodynamics in fetal macrosomia pathogenesis in pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: During pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus, the risks of developing fetal macrosomia and other perinatal complications increase. Redistribution of blood flow in the fetal umbilical-portal venous system may be an important but poorly understood compensatory mechanism that affects macrosomic fetal growth. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the features of the fetal umbilical-portal venous hemodynamics in pregnant women with various types of diabetes mellitus and the absence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, taking into account the gestational age and the macrosomic fetal growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 86 pregnant women with pregestational diabetes mellitus, 44 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 58 patients without carbohydrate metabolism disorders underwent ultrasound examinations from 30+0 to 41+3 weeks of gestation. During ultrasound, we performed Doppler assessment of venous hemodynamic parameters in the vessels of the umbilical-portal venous system, with volumetric blood flow calculated for each vessel. Additionally, the total liver volumetric blood flow and ductus venosus shunt fraction were calculated. RESULTS: The presence of fetal macrosomia in patients from the pregestational diabetes mellitus group is associated with an increase in the volumetric blood flow of the umbilical vein by 89.5 ml/min (p = 0.003) and the left portal vein by 33.3 ml/min (p = 0.008), as well as the total volumetric blood flow of the fetal liver by 95.7 ml/min (p = 0.001) compared with normal-weight fetuses. At the same time, the ductus venosus shunt fraction decreased in macrosomic fetuses by 3.83% (p = 0.001). In the gestational diabetes mellitus and control groups, despite the tendency for these parameters to increase in fetuses with macrosomia, the differences did not reach statistical significance. With a left portal vein volume flow threshold of 94.51 ml/min, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting large births were 84.46 and 72.09%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Pregestational diabetes mellitus in the mother is associated with a priority redistribution of blood flow to the fetal liver and is accompanied by a decrease in the ductus venosus shunt fraction. The severity of these hemodynamic changes increases in the presence of fetal macrosomia, which confirms the role of liver perfusion in the regulation of fetal growth in uncomplicated pregnancy and maternal diabetes mellitus.

Value of foetal umbilical vein standardised blood flow volume in predicting weight gain in the third trimester: a prospective case-cohort study.

This study aims to establish a prediction model of foetal umbilical vein standardised blood flow volume (sQuv) on estimated foetal weight (EFW) in the third trimester. A case-cohort study involving 200 eligible normal foetuses was conducted at the Ultrasound Department of Longquanyi District of Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital between June 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021. Ultrasound measurements were taken at two separate intervals to assess EFW and the rate of EFW (rEFW) [first: between 28 w and 33 w6d of gestational age (GA); second: after 4-6 weeks]. Umbilical vein blood flow volume (Quv) and sQuv (normalised with EFW) were calculated only during the initial measurement. Using general linear regression, a prediction model for EFW based on GA and sQuv was developed, with the gestational week employed as a calibration scalar and validated using linear regression cross-validation. In the third trimester, EFW exhibited significant correlations with GA, abdominal circumference (AC), head circumference (HC) and Quv (all ρ > 0.6, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the rEFW showed significant correlations with Quv and sQuv (all ρ > 0.6, P < 0.001). A linear regression equation was established using a general linear regression model: rEFW = 0.32689 × sQuv. Additionally, a foetal weight prediction model (EFW = -2,554.6770 + 0.9655 × sQuv + 129.6916 × GA) was established using sQuv. The above two formulas were cross-validated by intra-group linear regression and proved to be of good efficacy. In the third trimester, EFW displayed significant correlations with GA, AC, HC and Quv. Additionally, the rEFW exhibited significant correlations with Quv and sQuv. The sQuv during the third trimester has predictive value for foetal weight, serving as an early warning indicator.

Non Invasive Assessment of Pulmonary Artery Pressure in Children with Portal Hypertension

Abstract Background Pulmonary artery hypertension is a complication of liver cirrhosis with Portal Hypertension (PHT). It has been mentioned in case reports or small series of children. Fewinformation known on its prevalence and long-term survival in childhood liver disease. This study will assess the Pulmonary Atery Pressure (PAP) in children with PHT in Pediatric Hepatologyclinic, Ain Shams University Children Hospital in order to identify clinical characteristics of Porto PH and its prevalence among those children. Aim of the Work To assess the PAP using Echocardiography in children with PHT who attend Pediatric Hepatology clinic, Ain Shams University Children Hospital. Patients and Methods This case-control study was conducted on thirty patients enrolled from Pediatric Hepatology clinic, Ain Shams University Children Hospital in a period of one year from June 2021 to June 2022 according to inclusion criteria : history of hematemesis and melena, clinical examination: Splenomegaly, dilated anterior abdominal wall vessels, ascites ± firm hepatomegaly and imaging: Ultrasonography (US) /color Doppler-US (CDUS): Splenomegaly, presence of Porto collateral vessels and ascites. This information will be completed with data on liver size, echo texture, and margins which can suggest underlying cirrhosis, portal vein diameter, portal blood flow velocity, direction of blood flow in portal vein with age ranging from 1 to 16 years with median (IQR) of 8 (4.5-12) years; they were 11 females (36.7%) and 19 males (63.3%) and thirty healthy matched age and sex as a control group. Results In our study, MPAP was 9.79 ± 2.21 mmHg (7.2-18.2 mmHg). Statistically, there was statistically significant increase in the level of TR velocity, TR PG, RVSP and MPAP in patients with PHT than control group with p-value &amp;lt;0.001, 0.001; 0.001 and &amp;lt;0.001; respectively. Also, there was statistically significant increase in the percentage of patients with abnormal TR PG and patients with elevated systolic PAP in patients with PHT (20.0%) than control group (0.0%) with p-value = 0.010 and 0.010; respectively. Also, there was statistically significant decrease in the level of PA acceleration time (ms) in patients with PHT than control group with p-value &amp;lt;0.001. Also, there was statistically significant increase in the level of PAEDP (mmHg) and LA (cm) in patients with PHT than control group with p-value &amp;lt;0.001 and 0.014; respectively. In our studied group of patients we did not found any of them has PH despite the higher parameters of their Echo studies and that needs follow up of those patients. So the prevalence of PH in those patients is 0%. Conclusion PHT is an important risk factor of development of PH in children. Transthoracic echocardiography can be reliably used as an initial non-invasive, safe and reliable modality for the assessment of pulmonary artery hypertension in children, and can obviate the need of right heart catheterization in some patients, especially those with mild PHT.

The role of umbilical vein blood flow assessment in the prediction of foetal growth: a prospective observational cohort study

The role of umbilical vein blood flow assessment in the prediction of foetal growth: a prospective observational cohort study

Quantifying and visualizing abdominal hemodynamics in patients with Fontan circulation by 4D phase-contrast flow magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T

BackgroundLiver fibrosis has been recognized as a long-term morbidity associated with Fontan circulation (Fontan-associated liver disease, FALD). The pathophysiology of FALD is not completely understood and abnormal flow dynamics may be associated with this condition. Liver hemodynamics can be quantitatively evaluated with four-dimensional phase-contrast flow magnetic resonance imaging (4D PC flow MRI). The study aimed to evaluate suitability of liver 4D PC flow MRI in Fontan patients and relate flow measurements to normal values and FALD severity. Patients and methodsTwenty-two Fontan patients were examined by 4D PC flow MRI at 1.5 Tesla to assess mesenteric, portal, splenic, and hepatic venous blood flow. Severity of FALD was graded based on routine screening, including abdominal ultrasound and laboratory tests. ResultsMedian age was 18.5 (interquartile range, IQR 15.5–20.2) years. FALD was graded as “none or mild” in 16 and as “moderate to severe” in six cases. Ten patients presented at least one feature of portal hypertension (ascites, splenomegaly, or thrombocytopenia). For the entire cohort, blood flow in the superior mesenteric, splenic, and portal vein was lower than reported in the literature. No significant differences were observed in relation to FALD severity. Features of portal hypertension were associated with a higher splenic vein blood flow (0.34 ± 0.17 vs. 0.20 ± 0.07 l/min, p = 0.046). Splenic vein blood flow was negatively correlated to platelet count (r = −0.590, p = 0.005). Conclusions4D PC flow MRI appears suitable to assess liver hemodynamics in Fontan patients and integration into clinical follow-up might help to improve our understanding of FALD.

Ultrasound criteria for assessing the correction of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and liver blood flow disorders using arginine in patients with coronary artery disease in combination with COVID-19

Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains one of the most urgent global health problems today. In the conditions of its spread around the world, the global scientific community is trying to study not only respiratory, but also extrapulmonary manifestations of this infection. It is known that with COVID-19, the endothelium, the hemostasis system, and the liver are affected with the occurrence of such a complication as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The most vulnerable group of patients in terms of coronavirus disease and its complications (including MASLD) are those with coronary heart disease (CAD), therefore the search for effective drugs and optimal ultrasound criteria to evaluate liver steatosis in the dynamics of treatment is the main task of modern medicine. Goal: to determine the ultrasound criteria for assessing the correction of MASLD and liver blood flow disorders using arginine in patients with CAD associated with COVID-19. Materials and methods. A prospective study was conducted in 52 patients with CAD combined with PCR-positive COVID-19. The study was carried out upon admission to the hospital and 6 months after discharge. Group I (n = 27) consisted of CAD + COVID-19 patients who, in addition to standard therapy for MASLD, received arginine for 6 months after discharge from the hospital; group II (comparison group, n = 25) included participants who received standard therapy wi­thout arginine. Results. Splanchnic artery duplex scanning at baseline showed that 21 (78.0 %) patients in group I and 19 (76.0 %) in group II had a decrease in peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the proper hepatic artery (PHA), an increase in portal vein blood flow at the beginning of treatment, as well as increased liver size in 20 (74.0 %) patients in group I and 17 (68.0 %) in group II. An increase in the attenuation coefficient was detected in all patients of groups I and II. There were no differences between the groups at the time of inclusion in the study in terms of splanchnic blood flow and atte­nuation coefficient. After 6 months of arginine treatment, an improvement in the portal vein blood flow and a decrease in blood flow velocity in the PHA, a decrease in the diameter of the portal vein, a decrease in the size of the right and left liver lobes were found in group I, with no improvement in group II. A repeated study revealed a decrease in the attenuation coefficient in group I and no changes in group II. At the beginning of the study, a direct correlation was found between fibrinogen and the attenuation coefficient in group I (r = 0.54; p &lt; 0.05), as well as in group II (r = 0.51; p &lt; 0.05). After 6 months, C-reactive protein decreased in both groups. Conclusions. In patients with CAD combined with COVID-19 in the presence of MASLD, a decrease in the portal vein blood flow and an increase in PSV in the PHA were found. When arginine was used for 6 months in combination with standard therapy, according to the European Society of Cardiology protocols, there was a significant decrease in the attenuation coefficient, PSV in the PHA, and an increase in the portal vein blood flow. This indicates the possibility of using the attenuation coefficient as the main marker, and PSV in the PHA and the portal vein blood flow as additional criteria for ultrasound assessment of MASLD correction with arginine in patients with CAD combined with COVID-19.

Advancing arteriovenous fistula needling: The role of physical exam and doppler ultrasound.

The success of haemodialysis (HD) critically depends on the effective use of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). The precise needling technique is vital to minimise complications and ensure functional vascular access. This study assesses the effectiveness of a nursing consultation protocol, which integrates physical examination (PE) with Doppler Ultrasound (DUS), in preparing patients for the first AVF needling. A cross-sectional analysis at a Portuguese National Health Service Hospital engaged thirty new HD patients, four HD needling experienced nurses and one HD vascular access nurse. This study examines the accuracy of PE in assessing the matured AVF by the four nurses compared to a trained vascular access nurse encompassing systematic PE and DUS. The primary data incorporated AVF characteristics derived from PE (inspection, palpation, and auscultation) and DUS findings (vein depth, diameter, and blood flow). A secondary focus was evaluating the change in nurses' perceived needling complexity following the nursing consultation. The nursing consultation significantly enhanced the identification of crucial AVF features, such as accessory veins (p = 0.002), and improved the accuracy of AVF morphology assessments. This led to identifying longer needling tracks (p = 0.031) and a higher number of safe needling points (p = 0.016). Nurses reported a notable reduction in perceived complexity and potential adverse events following this method (p = 0.027). Integrating structured PE with DUS in a nursing consultation framework significantly improves the preparation for AVF needling. This approach enhances the efficiency and safety of AVF needling and boosts nurse confidence and patient care in HD settings.

Contemporary echocardiographic assessment of pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade

The aim: the aim of this review is to address the challenges in echocardiographic diagnosis of pericardial effusion, which can potentially lead to a lifethreatening condition called cardiac tamponade. This article discusses the possibilities and prognostic value of transthoracic echocardiography in the diagnosis of pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade.Materials and Methods. An analysis of Russian and foreign literature was conducted using eLibrary and PubMed databases. The following keywords were used: «pericardial effusion», «cardiac tamponade», «constrictive pericarditis», «pericarditis», «pericarditis in echocardiography», «перикардиальный выпот», «перикардит», «тампонада сердца», «диагностика перикардита». The included scientific papers and articles were published from 2013 to 2023. The research method used in the analysis was descriptive-analytical.Results. Pericardial effusion is the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity, which can lead to cardiac tamponade, disrupting normal hemodynamics and cardiac chamber filling, ultimately resulting in systemic hypotension and cardiac arrest. Therefore, it is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate verification, primarily through echocardiography, followed by the determination of treatment strategy. A structured approach, including 2D mode, M-mode, and Doppler echocardiographic assessment, evaluating the quantity and quality of pericardial fluid, cardiac chamber collapse, diastolic ventricular size variability with the respiratory cycle, paradoxical interventricular septum motion, inferior vena cava collapse, respiratory flow variation through valves, and blood flow in hepatic and pulmonary veins, should provide the treating physician with the necessary information for choosing the treatment method. This article discusses key echocardiographic features that will ensure the appropriate assessment of patients with pericardial effusion and/or cardiac tamponade. Among all the mentioned features, the absence of cardiac chamber collapse is likely to have the highest negative prognostic value for excluding cardiac tamponade.

Association between Doppler assessment and secondary cesarean delivery for intrapartum fetal compromise in small-for-gestational-age fetuses

PurposeTo elucidate the association between arterial and venous Doppler ultrasound parameters and the risk of secondary cesarean delivery for intrapartum fetal compromise (IFC) and neonatal acidosis in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses.MethodsThis single-center, prospective, blinded, cohort study included singleton pregnancies with an estimated fetal weight (EFW) < 10th centile above 36 gestational weeks. Upon study inclusion, all women underwent Doppler ultrasound, including umbilical artery (UA) pulsatility index (PI), middle cerebral artery (MCA) PI, fetal aortic isthmus (AoI) PI, umbilical vein blood flow (UVBF), and modified myocardial performance index (mod-MPI). Primary outcome was defined as secondary cesarean section due to IFC.ResultsIn total, 87 SGA pregnancies were included, 16% of which required a cesarean section for IFC. Those fetuses revealed lower UVBF corrected for abdominal circumference (AC) (5.2 (4.5–6.3) vs 7.2 (5.5–8.3), p = 0.001). There was no difference when comparing AoI PI, UA PI, ACM PI, or mod-MPI. No association was found for neonatal acidosis. After multivariate logistic regression, UVBF/AC remained independently associated with cesarean section due to IFC (aOR 0.61 [0.37; 0.91], p = 0.03) and yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.67–0.89). A cut-off value set at the 50th centile of UVBF/AC reached a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 58% for the occurrence of cesarean section due to IFC (OR 8.1; 95% CI, 1.7–37.8, p = 0.003).ConclusionLow levels of umbilical vein blood flow (UVBF/AC) were associated with an increased risk among SGA fetuses to be delivered by cesarean section for IFC.

Effects of the Cold Pressor Test on Popliteal Vein Diameter, Flow Velocity, and Blood Flow in the Lower Limb in 60 Healthy Individuals.

BACKGROUND In various situations such as pain, exposure to hot or cold, and mental stress, where physiological stress occurs, the increased excitatory response in the sympathetic efferent neurons leads to an increased return of blood flow from the peripheral veins to the right atrium. The cold pressor test (CPT) is based on the effects of a cold stimulus that activates afferent sensory pathways to trigger a sympathetic response, resulting in an increase in blood pressure. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the cold pressor test on popliteal vein diameter, flow velocity, and blood flow in the lower limbs in 60 healthy individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS We included 30 men and 30 women age 18-40 years. Baseline vein diameter, flow velocity, and blood flow of the left popliteal vein were measured by Doppler ultrasound, then the left hand was immersed in a bucket of cold water. After immersing the hand in cold water for 1 minute (CPT-1), 3 measurements of vein diameter, flow velocity, and blood flow were taken again, and their averages were calculated. RESULTS In the study, data obtained from the individuals were statistically analyzed. At CPT-1, venous diameter and flow values showed significant increase compared to baseline (P=0.001, P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In healthy volunteers, CPT increases venous flow in the popliteal veins. However, our study did not provide evidence for the hypothesis that the increase in venous return is due to venoconstriction mechanisms.

Nitric oxide donor increases umbilical vein blood flow and fetal oxygenation in fetal growth restriction. A pilot study

IntroductionTo evaluate the maternal and fetal hemodynamic effects of treatment with a nitric oxide donor and oral fluid in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction. Methods30 normotensive participants with early fetal growth restriction were enrolled. 15 participants were treated until delivery with transdermal glyceryl trinitrate and oral fluid intake (Treated group), and 15 comprised the untreated group. All women underwent non-invasive assessment of fetal and maternal hemodynamics and repeat evaluation 2 weeks later. ResultsIn the treated group, maternal hemodynamics improved significantly after two weeks of therapy compared to untreated participants. Fetal hemodynamics in the treated group showed an increase in umbilical vein diameter by 18.87 % (p < 0.01), in umbilical vein blood flow by 48.16 % (p < 0.01) and in umbilical vein blood flow corrected for estimated fetal weight by 30.03 % (p < 0.01). In the untreated group, the characteristics of the umbilical vein were unchanged compared to baseline. At the same time, the cerebro-placental ratio increased in the treated group, while it was reduced in the untreated group, compared to baseline values. The treated group showed a higher birthweight centile (p = 0.03) and a lower preeclampsia rate (p = 0.04) compared to the untreated group. DiscussionThe combined therapeutic approach with nitric oxide donor and oral fluid intake in fetal growth restriction improves maternal hemodynamics, which becomes more hyperdynamic (volume-dominant). At the same time, in the fetal circuit, umbilical vein flow increased and fetal brain sparing improved. Although a modest sample size, there was less preeclampsia and a higher birthweight suggesting beneficial maternal and fetal characteristics of treatment.

Reply to Rubin, J.M.; Kripfgans, O.D. Comment on "Barbieri et al. Umbilical Vein Blood Flow in Uncomplicated Pregnancies: Systematic Review of Available Reference Charts and Comparison with a New Cohort. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 3132".

We thank the authors for the interest in our paper [...].

Comment on Barbieri et al. Umbilical Vein Blood Flow in Uncomplicated Pregnancies: Systematic Review of Available Reference Charts and Comparison with a New Cohort. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 3132.

We would like to comment on the systemic review article published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine by Barbieri et al [...].

Acute isometric and dynamic exercise do not alter cerebral sympathetic nerve activity in healthy humans

The impact of physiological stressors on cerebral sympathetic nervous activity (SNA) remains controversial. We hypothesized that cerebral noradrenaline (NA) spillover, an index of cerebral SNA, would not change during both submaximal isometric handgrip (HG) exercise followed by a post-exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO), and supine dynamic cycling exercise. Twelve healthy participants (5 females) underwent simultaneous blood sampling from the right radial artery and right internal jugular vein. Right internal jugular vein blood flow was measured using Duplex ultrasound, and tritiated NA was infused through the participants' right superficial forearm vein. Heart rate was recorded via electrocardiogram and blood pressure was monitored using the right radial artery. Total NA spillover increased during HG (P = 0.049), PECO (P = 0.006), and moderate cycling exercise (P = 0.03) compared to rest. Cerebral NA spillover remained unchanged during isometric HG exercise (P = 0.36), PECO after the isometric HG exercise (P = 0.45), and during moderate cycling exercise (P = 0.94) compared to rest. These results indicate that transient increases in blood pressure during acute exercise involving both small and large muscle mass do not engage cerebral SNA in healthy humans. Our findings suggest that cerebral SNA may be non-obligatory for exercise-related cerebrovascular adjustments.

Investigation into safflower injection as a prophylactic treatment for retinal vein occlusion in a rabbit model

The study aimed to assess the effect and mechanism of safflower injection in preventing retinal vein thrombosis in rabbits. Twenty healthy adult pigmented rabbits were randomly assigned to either the experimental group, receiving safflower injection, or the control group, receiving normal saline. After two weeks of treatment, blood samples were collected to analyze platelet adhesion and aggregation rates. Photodynamic therapy was applied to induce occlusion in the target retinal vein. Fundus photography and fluorescein angiography were recorded using a dynamic microscopic monitoring system, and laser speckle imaging was employed to assess blood flow in the affected vein. The experimental group exhibited significantly lower rates of platelet adhesion and aggregation compared to the control group. Following the induction of retinal vein occlusion, the experimental group showed a lower complete occlusion rate of the target retinal vein. Although initial blood flow in the target vein was similar between groups, the blood flow at 1, 3, and 5 min post-occlusion was significantly higher in the experimental group. Safflower injection delayed retinal vein thrombosis formation, preserved blood flow in the affected retinal area, and reduced platelet adhesion and aggregation. These effects facilitated vascular reperfusion within a limited timeframe.