Blood Biochemical Indexes Research Articles

Effect of Melatonin on the Production Performance, Blood Biochemical Parameters, Nutrient Digestibility, and Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Liaoning Cashmere Goats

Melatonin’s capacity to improve cashmere production and quality in goats is well established, but its underlying mechanisms, particularly those concerning the gastrointestinal microbiome, remain inadequately understood. This study aims to elucidate the effects of melatonin implantation on the production performance, blood biochemical parameters, nutrient digestibility, and gastrointestinal microbiome of Liaoning cashmere goats. Thirty newborn Liaoning cashmere goat lambs were selected and randomly assigned to control and melatonin groups using a paired test design. The melatonin group received three melatonin implantations at 15, 75, and 135 days of age, respectively, with a dosage of 2 mg/kg body weight, while the control group received no treatment. Digestive metabolism tests were conducted at 150 and 300 days of age; prior to these tests, blood, rumen fluid, and rectal feces were collected. Apparent nutrient digestibility and blood biochemical indexes were determined, and rumen fluid and rectal feces were analyzed using microbial 16S rRNA sequencing. The results indicated that melatonin significantly reduced daily weight gain and body weight at 60 days (p < 0.05) while significantly increasing daily weight gain at 300 days (p < 0.05). Additionally, it significantly increased cashmere length and reduced its fineness (p < 0.05). Melatonin significantly enhanced nitrogen deposition (p < 0.05), elevated plasma levels of T-AOC, CAT, GSH-PX, and BUN (p < 0.05), and reduced plasma levels of MDA, GOT, GPT, and AKP (p < 0.05). Moreover, melatonin significantly elevated the microbial Ace and Chao1 indices in rectal feces (p < 0.05), increasing genera beneficial for feed digestion and absorption, including Prevotella, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus, and Synergistaceae (p < 0.05); the abundance of these beneficial genera were positively correlated with improved cashmere production performance, antioxidant activity, and liver and kidney function. In conclusion, melatonin enhances cashmere production by modulating gastrointestinal microbiota, antioxidant activity, liver and kidney function, and nitrogen metabolism in cashmere goats. This study provides a theoretical foundation for melatonin’s role in microbiota modulation, which is essential for promoting high-quality and sustainable development in the cashmere goat industry.

Impact of comb type on production performance, egg production quality, reproductive performance, and blood biochemical indexes in Tianfu chickens

Impact of comb type on production performance, egg production quality, reproductive performance, and blood biochemical indexes in Tianfu chickens

Efficacy and safety of Qishen Yiqi dropping pills combined with modern medicine for coronary heart disease with ischemic heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Qishen Yiqi dropping pills combined with modern medicine have been widely used as a treatment for coronary heart disease with ischemic heart failure. Currently, there have been no robust studies addressing the efficacy and safety of Qishen Yiqi dropping pills combined with modern medicine for coronary heart disease with ischemic heart failure. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis are conducted to fill in the gaps mentioned above. This systematic review was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Relevant studies published from inception to April 17, 2023, in the 5 electronic databases: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI, and the Wanfang database were comprehensively searched. Weighted mean difference was used as the effect size for the continuous variables. Pooled odd ratios are presented if the results are binary variables. Additionally, we performed subgroup and sensitivity analyses to examine the source of heterogeneity. The funnel plot and the Egger test were used to estimate publication bias. This meta-analysis included 46 studies involving 5843 participants. There is a significant difference in clinical efficacy, the 6-minute walk test (weighted mean difference = 50.10; 95% CI 28.19 to 72.02; I2 = 98.9%, P = .000), the indexes of ultrasonic cardiogram, blood biochemical indexes, and adverse effects (odds ratios = 0.46; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.75; I2 = 35.9%, P = .142). The sensitivity analysis and publication bias have demonstrated the robustness of the results (P = .702). Qishen Yiqi dropping pills combined with modern medicine could significantly improve clinical efficacy without incasement adverse effects. Further studies are required to identify the more comprise efficacy and safety results.

Toxicological Evaluation of Sargassum polycystum in Mice with Loperamide-Induced Constipation

Constipation gradually increases in people after the age of 50 years leading to difficulty in stool passage. Until now, there have been no effective drugs without side effects. This study investigated the preventive potential and toxicity of Sargassum polycystum extract (SPE) against loperamide-induced constipation in mice. Daily oral administration of SPE (100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) for 14 days significantly increased defecation frequency in constipation mice. Additionally, no significant differences in blood haematological and biochemical indices between the control, constipation and SPE-treated groups were detected. Histopathological examinations revealed non-toxic effects in liver, kidney and colon tissue samples from the SPE-treated groups compared with the control and constipation groups. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the administration of SPE significantly modulated Saa3, Odc1 and Clu expressions that promote the health of living organisms compared with the control group. Overall, this study showed that daily oral administration of Sargassum polycystumfor 14 days could prevent constipation without any adverse effects. Sargassum polycystumis suitable for further use as a supplement or drug to manage constipation.

Effects of Different Dietary Combinations on Blood Biochemical Indicators and Rumen Microbial Ecology in Wenshan Cattle

With the continuous optimization of feed ingredients in livestock production, barley has garnered significant attention as a potential substitute for corn in feed. This study aims to investigate the effects of replacing part of the corn and soybean meal with barley, wheat bran, and rapeseed meal on Wenshan cattle, focusing on the rumen microbial community, blood physiological and biochemical indicators, and growth traits. Through an intensive feeding experiment with two different dietary ratios, we found that adding barley to the diet significantly reduced the host’s blood lipid concentration and significantly increased the height, body length, heart girth, and average daily weight gain of Wenshan cattle. Analysis of the rumen microbial community structure showed that the addition of barley significantly affected the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, with the relative abundance of Spirochaetes being significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). The dominant bacterial groups mainly included Acinetobacter, Solibacillus, and Lysinibacillus. In summary, this study reveals the potential of different feed ingredient ratios involving barley, wheat bran, and rapeseed meal in the production performance of Wenshan cattle. By regulating blood physiology and improving the rumen micro-ecological structure, it provides new scientific evidence for optimizing livestock and poultry feeding management strategies. Future research will further explore the optimal application ratio of barley under different feeding conditions and its long-term impact on animal health and production performance.

Effects of Formaldehyde-Treated Feed on Rumen Metabolism and Blood Biochemistry in Lambs: A Review

This review evaluates the impact of formaldehyde treatment on feed for lambs, focusing on its effects on rumen metabolism and blood biochemical indicators. Formaldehyde is commonly used as a feed additive to improve nutritional efficiency and preserve feed quality. This review synthesizes data from various studies to assess how formaldehyde-treated feed influences rumen fermentation parameters, including volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, rumen pH, and microbial activity. Additionally, the review examines the effects of formaldehyde treatment on key blood biochemical markers such as glucose, urea nitrogen, and liver enzymes. Studies indicate that formaldehyde treatment can enhance the stability and digestibility of feed, potentially improving nutrient utilization and overall animal performance. The preservation of protein and reduction in feed spoilage are highlighted as significant benefits, contributing to more consistent rumen function and metabolic efficiency. However, the impact on rumen microbial populations and VFA profiles shows mixed results, with some studies reporting improved microbial efficiency and others noting minimal changes. The review also discusses potential adverse effects, including alterations in blood biochemical parameters. While formaldehyde treatment generally maintains or improves key indicators like blood glucose and protein levels, excessive use may lead to concerns such as elevated urea nitrogen levels and potential liver enzyme disruptions, the review concludes that formaldehyde-treated feed can be a valuable tool in optimizing feed efficiency and lamb health, provided it is used judiciously. Future research is recommended to further elucidate the long-term effects on rumen microbiota and metabolic processes, ensuring balanced benefits without compromising animal welfare.

Sub-acute Inhalation Exposure to Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles and its Effects on Wistar Rats as Opposed to the Micro-sized Chemical Analog.

Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) are widely used in various productions. Simultaneously, many research works report the toxic effects of this nanomaterial. Given that, there is a growing risk of negative effects produced by Al2O3 NPs on public health. This study aims to investigate the toxic effects of Al2O3 NPs as opposed to the micro-sized chemical analogue under sub-acute inhalation exposure. We identified the physical properties of Al2O3 NPs as opposed to the micro- sized chemical analogue, including size, specific surface area, and total pore volume. Inhalation exposure to Al2O3 NPs was simulated on Wistar rats in a chamber for whole-body. The animals were exposed for 4 hours each day for 28 days. NPs and MPs concentrations in the chamber were kept at ~ 1/4000 from LC50. Rats' behavior was examined prior to the exposure period and after it; after the last daily exposure, we examined biochemical and hematological blood indicators, NPs and MPs bioaccumulation, and pathomorphological changes in organ tissues. The tested Al2O3 sample is a nanomaterial according to its analyzed physical properties. Rats' behavior changed more apparently under exposure to NPs compared to MPs. Aluminum levels, which were 1.62-55.20 times higher than the control, were identified in the lungs, liver, brain, and blood under exposure to NPs. These levels were also 1.55-7.65 times higher than the control under exposure to MPs. Biochemical indicators of rats' blood also changed under exposure to NPs against the control. We identified more active ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH, elevated levels of GABA, MDA, and conjugated bilirubin, and a lower level of Glu. As opposed to exposure to MPs, ALT, AST, and ALP were more active; GABA and MDA levels were higher; Glu level was lower. Under exposure to NPs, the number of platelets grew, whereas no similar effect occurred under exposure to MPs. We established pathomorphological changes in tissues of the lungs, brain, heart, and liver under exposure to Al2O3 NPs; similar changes occurred only in the lungs under exposure to MPs. Exposure to NPs induced changes in tissue structures in a wider range of various organs, and these changes were more apparent than under exposure to MPs. Greater toxicity of Al2O3 NPs as opposed to MPs is evidenced by a wider range of organs where their bioaccumulation occurs, more apparent pathomorphological and pathological functional changes. Established peculiarities of toxic effects produced by the analyzed nanomaterial should be considered when developing hygienic recommendations aimed at preventing and mitigating adverse impacts of Al2O3 NPs on human health under inhalation exposure.

Impact of Feeding Artemia franciscana Enriched with Various Oil Resources on Growth, Blood Biochemical and Behavioral Indices, and Survival of Oreochromis Niloticus

Abstract The main objective of the present trial was to examine the efficacy of feeding tilapia fry fish on Artemia franciscana diets supplemented with various oil emulsion resources in terms of performance, behavior indices, survival rate, blood biochemical parameters, and immunological response. Four hundred Nile tilapia fry (weighing 0.15±0.05 g and measuring 2.17±0.08 cm) were randomly allocated into four equal groups (each with five repetitions) and acclimatized for fifteen days. The first group served as the control and received unenriched Artemia franciscana (G0), while the remaining three groups were fed Artemia franciscana diets enriched with different oil resources (0.5 mL oil per liter for 6 hours): soybean oil (G1), sesame oil (G2), and rice bran oil (G3). Behavioral observations were recorded during the 45-day experimental period. At the end of the feeding trial, the chemical composition and fatty acid content of both Artemia and fingerlings were analyzed. Furthermore, the growth performance, survival, and immune response of the fingerlings were evaluated. The results indicated noticeable improvements in behavioral measurements (feeding, foraging and schooling), performance (final length, final weight, net weight gain, feed conversion ratio and specific growth rate), survival, and immune response among fry fish supplemented with enriched Artemia, particularly those enriched with soybean oil. Additionally, the chemical composition and fatty acid content of both Artemia and fish fry were significantly enhanced when oil emulsions are applied, with soybean oil demonstrating the most prominent improvements. Whereas, supplementing fry fish Artemia diets with oil resulted in lower liver enzyme activity and higher protein component levels in plasma in comparison to the control group. In brief, feeding Nile tilapia fry fish Artemia diets enriched with a soybean oil emulsion (0.5 mL/L) is recommended for promoting high performance, immunological activity, and survival throughout the early stage till fingerlings phase.

Overweight/bowel dysmotility crosslinking and analogous laxative actions of two edible wild fruits in obese/constipated rats.

The prompt development of obesity/constipation is the most serious problem for both children and adults. Limited studies suggested an association between them but lacked preclinical studies. This study allows to evaluate their crosslink and to compare the aqueous extracts laxative actions of two edible wild fruits of Arbutus unedo (AUAE) and Crataegus monogyna (CMAE) in constipated high-fat diet (HFD) rats. Wistar rats were divided into experimental groups for 13 weeks: standard (SD) and HFD groups. SD-rats were randomly redivided into 2 groups: SD and SD + Loperamide (LOP, 3 mg/kg, b.w.). HFD-rats were randomly reseparated into HFD-group, (HFD + LOP)-group, [HFD + Yohimbine (YOH, 2 mg/kg, b.w.)]-group, [HFD+ LOP]-groups+ various doses of AUAE or CMAE (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg, b.w.). Diversified indicators were investigated to achieve the expected objectives, including; fecal parameters, gastrointestinal transit (GIT), gastric emptying (GE), oxidative stress-(OxS), blood biochemical analysis, and accompanied small/large bowel histological modification. The liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) analysis of AUAE and CMAE allowed the identification of 11 and 6 phenolic compounds, respectively. In HFD-rats, the subsequent dysregulation of GI motility was markedly aggravated. More importantly, with the same way (CMAE and AUAE)-treated groups showed alleviated outcomes for the following: most stool parameters, GIT, and GE were remarkably recovered; a similar recovery pattern was observed in the histopathological structure, OxS, and blood biochemical indicators. Our results experimentally confirmed the crosslink between overweight and constipation and both fruits have potential as functional foods to reduce metabolic risk of the obesity associated with bowel dysmotility.

ROS-responsive nanomicelles encapsulating celastrol ameliorate pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway

Celastrol (CEL) belongs to the group of non-steroidal immunosuppressants with the potential to improve cardiac hypertrophy (CH). However, the poor biocompatibility and low bioavailability of CEL limit its in vivo application. This study was aimed to develop a targeted drug delivery system that can efficiently and safely deliver CEL to target tissues, providing a research basis for the application of CEL in CH therapy. A novel ROS-sensitive drug-loaded nanomicelle, dodecanoic acid (DA)-phenylboronic acid pinacol ester-dextran polymer encapsulating CEL (DBD@CEL), was synthesized using chemical synthesis. Then, the morphology, particle size, drug-loaded content, and ROS-responsive release behavior of DBD@CEL were studied. Pharmacokinetics and biocompatibility were evaluated using healthy mice. Finally, the ability and mechanism of DBD@CEL in improving CH in vivo were investigated using a mouse CH model. DBD@CEL was successfully prepared with a drug loading of 18.9%. It exhibited excellent stability with an average particle size of 110.0 ± 1.7 nm. Within 48 h, DBD@CEL released only 19.4% in the absence of H2O2, while in the presence of 1 mM H2O2, the release rate increased to 71.5%. Biocompatibility studies indicated that DBD@CEL did not cause blood cell hemolysis, had no impact on normal organs, and did not result in abnormal blood biochemical indicators, demonstrating excellent biocompatibility. In vivo studies revealed that DBD@CEL regulated the activation of NF-κB signaling, inhibits pyroptosis and oxidative stress, and thereby ameliorates CH. The ROS-responsive DBD@CEL nanodrug delivery system enhances the therapeutic activity of CEL for CH, providing a promising drug delivery system for the clinical treatment of CH.

The Effect of Lower Limb Pressotherapy Treatment on Selected Rheological and Biochemical Indices of Blood in Young, Healthy Women.

Background: Intermittent pneumatic compression is a non-invasive therapeutic technique that has been gaining popularity in recent years due to its potential use in many areas of medicine. It can be successfully used alone or in combination with other therapeutic methods. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how a series of pressotherapy treatments on the lower limbs affects the rheological properties of blood (blood count, red blood cell deformability and aggregation, and blood viscosity), lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein), and renal profile (urea, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate) in young, healthy women. Methods: The study group consisted of 15 healthy women aged 20-26 (22.5 ± 1.5), without chronic diseases and not practicing competitive sports. The participants underwent a series of 10 lower limb pressotherapy treatments. A single treatment lasted 30 min and each time the pressure used during the treatment was individually selected according to the participants' preference. The first blood test was performed a week before the treatments; the second on the day of the start of treatment, but before the pneumatic massage; the third after the completed series of pressotherapy treatments; and the fourth a week after the completed series of treatments. Results: In the conducted study, the analysis of the values of the complete blood count showed the following: a significant decrease in red blood cell count, hemoglobin, average hemoglobin concentration in erythrocytes, average red blood cell volume, average hemoglobin mass in red blood cells; a significant increase in average red blood cell volume; and an average hemoglobin mass in red blood cells. The analysis of the values of rheological parameters showed the following: a significant decrease in elongation indices 0.58, 1.13, 4.24, 15.95, 30.94, and 60.00; blood viscosity; the aggregation index; the degree of complete aggregation; and a significant increase in elongation indices 0.30, 1.13, 8.23, 30.94, 60.00; blood viscosity; the degree of complete aggregation; and the half-time of complete aggregation. A decrease in the concentration of low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein fractions was also noted. No significant changes were found in the values of total cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as in renal profile elements. Conclusions: The application of a series of 10 lower limb pressotherapy treatments has a beneficial effect, with a decrease in blood viscosity and the aggregation index, and an increase in the elongation index at shear stress from 0.30 [Pa] to 8.23 [Pa] in young, healthy women. A series of 10 lower limb pressotherapy treatments may affect the decrease in the values at high shear stress forces of 30.95 [Pa] and from 60.00 [Pa] in young, healthy women. The use of a series of 10 lower limb pressotherapy treatments increases the values of hemoglobin, the average red blood cell volume, and the average hemoglobin concentration in erythrocytes, and also reduces the values of red blood cell count, average hemoglobin mass in red blood cells and low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins in young, healthy women (it also does not cause any adverse changes). The use of pressotherapy on the lower limbs seems to be an effective element of the multi-component prevention of circulatory system diseases.

Correlation and Clinical Significance of HBD-2 and CXCL-1/2 Levels at Skin Lesions with Psoriasis Vulgaris Severity

ABSTRACT Objective This study was performed to explore the clinical significance of the expression of human beta-defensin 2 (HBD-2) and chemokine ligand 1/2 (CXCL-1/2) in psoriasis vulgaris. Methods This study retrospectively included the study group (n = 160) and control group (n = 100) for analysis. The levels of inflammatory indicators, blood biochemical indicators, and immune indicators using ELISA. The psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) was used to evaluate disease severity. Levels of HBD-2, CXCL-1, CXCL-2 and CCL20 were determined by RT-PCR. The correlations of HBD-2, CXCL-1 and CXCL-2 levels with CCL20 and PASI scores were analyzed. The diagnostic value of HBD-2, CXCL-1 and CXCL-2 in psoriasis vulgaris was analyzed by ROC curve. Results HBD-2, CXCL-1 and CXCL-2 were highly expressed in the lesions of psoriasis vulgaris patients, and were positively correlated with CCL20 and PASI score. HBD-2, CXCL-1 and CXCL-2 alone or in combination had high diagnostic value for psoriasis vulgaris and severe psoriasis, and the combined diagnostic value of the three was higher than that of a single indicator. Conclusion HBD-2, CXCL-1, and CXCL-2 levels are closely related to the severity of psoriasis vulgaris and can effectively diagnose the occurrence and progression of psoriasis vulgaris.

Nutritional Status and Cardiometabolic Markers to Determine Athlete’s Achievement: A Cross-Sectional Study

The health, physiological, and nutritional status of an athlete is a top priority in achieving success and career sustainability. Information about an athlete's health, such as blood biochemistry, anthropometry, and adequate nutritional intake, might indicate their ability to perform exceptionally well in different levels of competition. Objective: This research objective is to examine the correlation between athletes' sports achievements in Bandung and their anthropometric traits, nutritional status, and blood biochemical indicators. Methods: This study utilised a cross-sectional design and incidental data collection techniques. Participants: The study comprised 84 athletes from 27 different sports who received achievement allowances from KONI Bandung City. Instruments: n this study, we employed reliable and validated techniques to assess anthropometrics, body composition, somatotype, blood biochemistry, nutritional intake adequacy, and energy adequacy. Data analysis: Both the bivariate and multivariate analyses used logistic regression. Results: The findings of the analysis indicate a significant relationship between athlete performance and two variables: blood pressure (p=0.026) and dietary diversity (p=0.048). The findings from the multivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between blood pressure and dietary variety, which influences the achievement of athletes. The calculation of the odds ratio (OR) revealed that among all the variables examined, the athlete's blood pressure exhibited strongest correlation with their performance. Conclusion: Blood pressure is a physiological measurement that can serve as an indicator of cardiac function and overall well-being. As a result, it is critical to regularly assess the physical well-being of athletes in Bandung to ensure their consistent optimal performance.

Investigating the Impact of Fasting and Refeeding on Blood Biochemical Indicators and Transcriptional Profiles in the Hypothalamus and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Geese.

Fasting and refeeding systems can cause significant short-term fluctuations in nutrient and energy levels, triggering adaptive physiological responses in animals. This study examines the effects of fasting and refeeding on blood biochemical indicators and transcriptional profiles in the hypothalamus and subcutaneous adipose tissue of geese. Biochemical assays reveal that fasting significantly increases levels of free fatty acids and glucagon, while reducing concentrations of triglycerides, leptin, and insulin. Transcriptomic analyses identify a complex transcriptional response in both the hypothalamus and subcutaneous adipose tissue, affecting several metabolic pathways and key genes associated with feed intake and energy metabolism. In subcutaneous adipose tissue, fasting downregulates genes involved in fatty acid synthesis (LPL, SCD, and ACSL1) and upregulates PLIN2, a gene promoting lipid droplet degradation. Fasting affects a variety of metabolic pathways and critical genes in the hypothalamus, including Apelin, insulin, and mTOR signaling pathways. After fasting, the mRNA expression of NOG, GABRD, and IGFBP-1 genes in the hypothalamus are significantly upregulated, while proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression is markedly downregulated. This study highlights the intricate biological responses to nutritional changes in geese, which adds to our understanding of energy balance and metabolic regulation in avian species.

New compounds with a dihydropyridine framework as promising hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective agents

Introduction: To solve the problem of complex and safe pharmacological correction of metabolic disorders, including hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and liver lesions is currently very important. With this in mind, the new derivatives of cyanothioacetamide with a dihydropyridine framework, with a potential effect on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and the functioning of the liver are of great interest. Materials and Methods: To conduct an experiment, three samples were selected from an extensive library of new cyanothioacetamide derivatives, which, according to in silico studies, proved promising towards the positive effect on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as towards the protective effect on the liver. To study the compounds in vivo, metabolic disorders were simulated in Wistar rats by long -term alimentary and subsequent dexamethasone loads. The pharmacological efficacy of new compounds AZ-383, AZ-257, AZ-020 (administered in a dose of 1 mg/kg for 14 days) was assessed in comparison with metformin (300 mg/kg for 14 days) and vildagliptin (8 mg/kg for 14 days) by determining the biochemical indicators of blood (ALT, AST, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose), morphological and morphometric studies of the liver sections, and the study of immunohistochemical indicators of hepatocyte proliferation. The experimental results were statistically processed using the recognized methods of mathematical statistics. When processing the experimental data, the average arithmetic (AA) was determined. The statistical significance of the compared options was determined on the basis of the Student’s t-test, with the critical value of the Student’s t-test equal to 2.101 and the significance level α = 0.05. Results: The study shows that all the new compounds studied in the experiment – AZ-383, AZ-257, AZ-020 – have hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective properties, which manifested in the reduced levels of liver biochemical markers of blood, which had increased after simulating metabolic disorders, in the reduced concentration of total cholesterol and triglycerides in blood, in the normalization of liver microarchitecture, as well as in the proliferative activity of hepatocytes. Discussion: The hepatoprotective and hypolypidemic properties of the new derivatives of cyanothioacetamide with a dihydropyridine framework, which were determined while conducting the experiment, can be accounted for by their effects on the biotargets, identified for AZ-383, AZ-257, and AZ-020 in silico. According to the results, the most pronounced hepatoprotective activity was found in AZ-383 (intragastrically, 1 mg/kg for 14 days). The Ki-67 proliferation index under the influence of this compound was registered at the level of 1.48±0.03%, which exceeds this indicator in the control animals and proves a significant hepatoprotective activity of AZ-383. Conclusion: The results show good prospects and high efficacy of the new studied cyanothioacetamide derivatives, such as AZ-383, AZ-257, AZ-020 (in a dose of 1 mg/kg), in terms of comprehensive correction of metabolic disorders. Further study is needed for this class of compounds.

Analysis of the etiology and clinical indicators of infantile cholestasis

Objective: To explore the disease spectrum and corresponding clinical indicators of infantile cholestasis so as to provide a basis for the diagnosis of this type of disease at an early stage. Methods: The clinical data was collected from 203 hospitalized children diagnosed with infantile cholestasis at the Department of Gastroenterology of Maternal and Child Health Care, Guiyang City, from January 2018 to March 2023, including 130 males and 73 females. Patients general condition, personal history, and blood biochemical test indicators, including liver and coagulation function, blood ammonia, blood lipid profile, blood sugar, TORCH, thyroid function, and others, were retrospectively analyzed after admission. Cholangiography and high-throughput gene sequencing were performed in certain patients. The etiology of the enrolled cases were analyzed. Children's clinical data were compared with distinct inherited metabolic liver diseases (Group A) and biliary atresia (Group B). The statistical analysis was conducted using the t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, or χ2 test, according to different data. Results: In 33 cases, infectious factors-primarily CMV infection-were the etiology of cholestasis. Forty cases had aberrant bile duct development, primarily biliary atresia, choledochal cysts, and intrahepatic bile duct dysplasia. In 26 cases, genetic metabolic factors mainly included citrin protein deficiency, sodium-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide deficiency, and Alagille syndrome. 11 cases had drug/poisoning factors (parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis). 19 cases had idiopathic infantile cholestasis. Three cases had other factors; however, all of them had Kawasaki disease. 71 cases had an unclear diagnosis. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of gender and age between groups A and B (P>0.05). The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bile acid levels were significantly higher in Group A than Group B, with a P<0.05, while the gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), direct bilirubin (DBil), and albumin levels were lower than those in Group B, with a P<0.05. The cytomegalovirus infection rate was higher in Group B (62.50%) than Group A (34.62%), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=3.89, P<0.05). The alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, GGT, DBil, and albumin were significantly lower in patients with citrin protein deficiency than those in patients with biliary atresia, while ALP, bile acid, and blood ammonia were higher than those in patients with biliary atresia. Patients with sodium-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide deficiency had higher bile acid than patients with biliary atresia, while the DBil was lower than that in patients with biliary atresia, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Infantile cholestasis etiology is diverse. ALP, bile acids, GGT, DBil, and albumin levels can serve as simple indicators for early-stage differentiation between inherited metabolic liver disease and biliary atresia. The cholestasis etiology should be determined as early as possible following biliary atresia exclusion by actively completing genetic metabolic gene detection.

Physiological and Biochemical Blood Indicators of Boer X Saanen Crossbred Goats Raised in Binh Duong Province, Vietnam

This paper presents the results of a study on the physiological and biochemical blood indices of F1 (Boer x Saanen) crossbred goats raised in Binh Duong province, Vietnam. Blood samples from 160 goats were taken by venipuncture from each animal in the morning, data were collected by sex and two age groups (3-12 months and 12-24 months). Blood physiological indices were measured using a Hemascreen 18 hematology analyzer. Blood biochemical indices were measured using an Abaxis Vetscan 2 chemistry analyzer. The results showed that the WBC, Mono and Neut indices varied according to age and sex (P0.05). RBC, HGB, MCV, MCH had no statistically significant differences between ages and sexes (P&gt;0.05). The average protein concentration was 64.82-81.85 g/L, with significant differences between the study groups (P0.05). Statistically significant differences in mean values between age groups were investigated in the following parameters: Glucose, creatinine, AST, ALP, K, Ca, P, Cl. This study provides data on physiological and biochemical blood indices of Hybrids goats F1 (Boer x Saanen) as a basis for periodic health diagnosis of goat herds, promptly detecting health abnormalities. The data obtained can be used as reference limits related to physiological changes in livestock due to disease, nutritional deficiencies or other health-affecting factors. This is also the premise for studies on large goat herds to build a database of physiological and biochemical blood indices of goat breeds raised in Vietnam.

Changes in biochemical blood indicators in primary liver cancer associated with viruses

Currently, about million new cases of liver cancer (LC) are being registered annually in the world, causing death in 85 % of patients.The purpose of the study is to establish the features of changes in biochemical blood parameters in RP against the background of persistence of DNA/RNA viruses.Patients (n = 247) with morphologically established liver cancer, hepatitis and healthy individuals were examined. The subject of research was the biochemical and molecular biological parameters of DNA/RNA viruses. It was established that the nature of biochemical changes and disorders in patients with liver cancer indicates a simultaneous violation of most physiological functions of parenchymal organs, in which syndromes of cytolysis, cholestasis, immune and autoimmune disorders are simultaneously formed, the main role in which belongs to infectious (DNA/RNA viruses) and oncological processes. The most important biochemical markers in liver cancer are enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, alpha-amylase), bilirubin, creatinine, albumin, triglycerides, GGTP, microelements (biogenic – magnesium, phosphorus, calcium). Among the viruses detected during liver cancer, the leading role belongs to viruses verified in tumor tissue, the presence of which causes persistent biochemical changes: VEB and HHV6.

Allostatic load in rat model: An efficient tool for evaluating and understanding aging.

Aging and age-related diseases are an ever-increasing social and public health problem. Allostatic load (AL) shows great potential as an interdisciplinary tool for assessing the aging of human beings but as yet lacks investigation in animal models which is our study focus at. Here a continuous study of AL was conducted on naturally aging rats. Blood samples were collected from the rats at ages of 5, 8, 14, 18, and 21 months. Dozens of blood biochemical indicators, including serum corticosterone, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, free fatty acid, CD3+ T cell count, CD4+/CD3+ T cell ratio, CD8+/CD3+ T cell ratio, and CD3/4/8+ T cell apoptosis, were determined. AL was scored from those indicators, and we found that AL score gradually increased with age. AL can reliably reveal the cumulative and systemic changes in aging. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1077-1084.

An Investigation of the Correlation Between Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness with Blood Biochemical Indices and Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The study aimed to explore the correlation between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) with blood biochemical indicators and cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the possible mechanism, thereby providing more theoretical basis for the occurrence and prevention of diabetes related complications. Eighty T2DM patients treated in our hospital from March 2022 to September 2022 were selected as the study subjects, and the clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) to analyze the changes in retinal blood vessels. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided as the diabetic retinopathy (DR) group (n=46) and simple diabetes group (n=34). The RNFLT, blood biochemical indexes and changes in cognitive functions of the patients were detected. The correlation between RNFLT with blood biochemical indexes and cognitive dysfunction was analyzed. Compared with the simple diabetes group, patients in the DR group had much lower mean, nasal, inferior and superior thicknesses (P<0.01). There existed no significant difference in blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), blood lipids (triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein) between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the simple diabetes group, patients in the DR group had much higher fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FINS), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, apolipoprotein B (ApoB)/apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) (P<0.001). Besides, the DR group had sharply lower scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale and higher levels of the Trail Making Test-A (TMT-A) and TMT-B (P<0.001). Spearman correlation analysis confirmed that the mean RNFLT was negatively correlated with the levels of FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR index, TMT-A and TMT-B (P<0.05), positively correlated with the score of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) (P<0.05), and was no significant correlation with FINS and ApoB/ApoA1 (P>0.05). DR patients had significantly reduced RNFLT, elevated levels of blood glucose related indicators, and cognitive dysfunction. There existed a correlation between RNFLT and FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR index, TMT-A, TMT-B and MMSE.