Based on the local resonance mechanism, five new acoustic metamaterial plate structures with low-frequency bandgaps are proposed in this paper. The two new structures obtained by heuristic structural design are capable of suppressing vibrations over a large frequency range in the low-frequency range of 0-400 Hz, which is promising for practical applications. The mechanism of bandgap generation is found to be a shift in the form of local resonance. Among the three original models, model C has the smallest transmission coefficient T min of −154.6. Analysis of the group and phase velocity diagrams reveals that the change in frequency has a great influence on the energy transfer, speed and direction of the wave in the structure. The heuristic structural design allows the mass block of model B1 to undergo angular state changes, which ultimately realizes the regulation of the bandgap position and the total bandgap width within a certain range. It is also found that the variation of the bandgap properties has a certain regularity with the change of the structural parameters.