Blindness In Men Research Articles

Kelas BTQ sebagai Inovasi Kurikulum PAI dalam Memberantas Buta Huruf Al-Qur’an Siswa MAN 2 Karanganyar

This research focuses on the BTA class as an innovation of the PAI curriculum to eradicate the al-Qur’an letter blindness in MAN 2 Karanganyar. The BTA class program is in response to the search of PAI teachers against students and pupils who are not able or not smooth in reading the Qur'an so affecting their level of understanding in PAI subjects. This method of research uses qualitative descriptive research that explains what is happening in accordance with the facts on the field. Data collection techniques are done through observation, documentation and interviews. The results of the research show that the innovation of the PAI curriculum, i.e. the establishment of this BTA class, has a very positive impact on students. With this BTA class, students who are inadequate or unable to read the Qur'an can be helped especially in understanding religious subjects. The Quran is the most important part of the Qur'an. Another positive impact is that it can increase the level of confidence of students as graduates of the madrasah who are viewed by the community as people who are committed in the field of religion and of course in terms of reading the Qur'an.

Regulated Tristetraprolin Overexpression Dampens the Development and Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis.

Non-infectious uveitis, a common cause of blindness in man, is often mediated by autoimmunity, a process in which cytokines play major roles. The biosynthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines are regulated in part by tristetraprolin (TTP), an endogenous anti-inflammatory protein that acts by binding directly to specific sequence motifs in the 3’-untranslated regions of target mRNAs, promoting their turnover, and inhibiting synthesis of their encoded proteins. We recently developed a TTP-overexpressing mouse (TTPΔARE) by deleting an AU-rich element (ARE) instability motif from the TTP mRNA, resulting in increased accumulation of TTP mRNA and protein throughout the animal. Here, we show that homozygous TTPΔARE mice are resistant to the induction of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) induced by interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), an established model for human autoimmune (noninfectious) uveitis. Lymphocytes from TTPΔARE mice produced lower levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-6, and TNFα than wild type (WT) mice. TTPΔARE mice also produced lower titers of antibodies against the uveitogenic protein. In contrast, TTPΔARE mice produced higher levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and had higher frequencies of regulatory T-cells, which, moreover, displayed a moderately higher per-cell regulatory ability. Heterozygous mice developed EAU and associated immunological responses at levels intermediate between homozygous TTPΔARE mice and WT controls. TTPΔARE mice were able, however, to develop EAU following adoptive transfer of activated WT T-cells specific to IRBP peptide 651–670, and naïve T-cells from TTPΔARE mice could be activated by antibodies to CD3/CD28. Importantly, TTPΔARE antigen presenting cells were significantly less efficient compared to WT in priming naïve T cells, suggesting that this feature plays a major role in the dampened immune responses of the TTPΔARE mice. Our observations demonstrate that elevated systemic levels of TTP can inhibit the pathogenic processes involved in EAU, and suggest the possible use of TTP-based treatments in humans with uveitis and other autoimmune conditions.

Styrene-associated health outcomes at a windblade manufacturing plant.

Health risks of using styrene to manufacture windblades for the green energy sector are unknown. Using data collected from 355 (73%) current windblade workers and regression analysis, we investigated associations between health outcomes and styrene exposure estimates derived from urinary styrene metabolites. The median current styrene exposure was 53.6 mg/g creatinine (interquartile range: 19.5-94.4). Color blindness in men and women (standardized morbidity ratios 2.3 and 16.6, respectively) was not associated with exposure estimates, but was the type previously reported with styrene. Visual contrast sensitivity decreased and chest tightness increased (odds ratio 2.9) with increasing current exposure. Decreases in spirometric parameters and FeNO, and increases in the odds of wheeze and asthma-like symptoms (odds ratios 1.3 and 1.2, respectively) occurred with increasing cumulative exposure. Despite styrene exposures below the recommended 400 mg/g creatinine, visual and respiratory effects indicate the need for additional preventative measures in this industry.

New research links tooth loss to blindness in men

New research links tooth loss to blindness in men

Genome-wide association study in RPGRIP1 −/− dogs identifies a modifier locus that determines the onset of retinal degeneration

Cone-rod dystrophy (CRD) is a form of inherited retinal degeneration (RD) causing blindness in man as well as in several breeds of dog. Previously, a 44 bp insertion in RPGRIP1 (retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator interacting protein-1) was associated with a recessive early-onset CRD (cone-rod dystrophy 1, cord1) in a Miniature longhaired dachshund (MLHD) research colony. Yet in the MLHD pet population, extensive range of the onset age has been observed among RD cases, with some RPGRIP1(-/-) dogs lacking obvious clinical signs. Phenotypic variation has been known in human homologous diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis, indicating possible involvement of modifiers. To explore additional genetic loci associated with the phenotypic variation observed in MLHDs, a genome-wide association study was carried out using Canine SNP20 arrays in 83 RPGRIP1(-/-) MLHDs with variable ages of onset or no clinical abnormality. Using these samples, comparison of 31 early-onset RD cases against 49 controls (15 late-onset RD and 34 normal dogs combined) identified a strong association (P = 5.05 × 10(-13)) at a single locus on canine chromosome 15. At this locus, the majority of early-onset RD cases but few of the controls were homozygous for a 1.49 Mb interval containing ~11 genes. We conclude that homozygosity at both RPGRIP1 and the newly mapped second locus is necessary to develop early-onset RD, whereas RPGRIP1(-/-) alone leads to late-onset RD or no apparent clinical phenotype. This study establishes a unique model of canine RD requiring homozygous mutations at two distinct genetic loci for the manifestation of early-onset RD.

Canine inherited retinal degenerations: update on molecular genetic research and its clinical application.

Inherited retinal degenerations in the dog include generalised progressive retinal atrophy, retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy, congenital stationary night blindness and day blindness (hemeralopia). The clinical phenotype and pathology of these diseases closely resemble some types of human inherited retinal degeneration, in particular retinitis pigmentosa, one of the most common inherited causes of blindness in man. Molecular genetic investigations aim to identify the genetic mutations underlying the canine inherited retinal degenerations. Two major research strategies, candidate gene analysis and linkage analysis, have been used. To date, candidate gene analysis has definitively identified the genetic mutations underlying nine inherited retinal degenerations, each in a different breed of dog, and linkage studies have identified genetic markers for a further retinal degeneration which is found in at least six different breeds. This review outlines the research strategy behind candidate gene and linkage studies and summarises recent results in the search for genetic causes of canine inherited retinal degenerations. The aim is to increase awareness of this rapidly changing field and to show how the research can be used to develop genetic tests for these diseases and thereby reduce the incidence of inherited eye disease in dogs.

Prevalence and causes of visual impairment in the Barbados eye study

Objective To determine the prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in a predominantly black population. Design Population-based prevalence study of a simple random sample of Barbados-born citizens aged 40 to 84 years. Participants Four thousand seven hundred nine persons (84% participation). Methods The standardized protocol included best-corrected visual acuity (with a Ferris-Bailey chart), automated perimetry, lens gradings (LOCS II), and an interview. Participants with visual acuity of worse than 20/30, other positive findings, and a 10% sample also had an ophthalmologic examination that evaluated the cause and extent of vision loss (resulting from that cause), if any. Main outcome measures Low vision and blindness were defined as visual acuity in the better eye between 6/18 and 6/120 and visual acuity worse than 6/120, respectively (World Health Organization [WHO] criteria). Results Of the 4631 participants with complete examinations, 4314 (93%) reported their race as black, 184 (4%) reported their race as mixed (black and white), and 133 (3%) reported their race as white or other. Low vision was found in 5.9% of the black, 2.7% of the mixed, and 3.0% of white or other participants. Bilateral blindness was similar for black and mixed race participants (1.7% and 1.6%, respectively) and was not found in whites. Among black and mixed participants, the prevalence of low vision increased with age (from 0.3% at 40–49 years to 26.8% at 80 years or older). The prevalence of blindness was higher ( P < 0.001) for men than women at each age group (0.5% versus 0.3% at ages 40–49 and 10.9% versus 7.3% at 80 years or more). Sixty percent of blindness was due to open-angle glaucoma and age-related cataract, each accounting for more than one fourth of cases. Other major causes were optic atrophy or neuropathy and macular and other retinal diseases. Few cases of blindness were due to diabetic retinopathy (1.4%), and none were due to age-related macular degeneration. Conclusions Using the WHO criteria, prevalence of visual impairment was high in this African-origin population, particularly at older ages. Most blindness was due to open-angle glaucoma and cataract, with open-angle glaucoma causing a higher proportion of blindness than previously reported. The increased prevalence of blindness in men may be due to the increased male prevalence of glaucoma in this population and warrants further investigation. Results underline the need for blindness prevention programs, with emphasis on effective treatment of age-related cataract and enhancing strategies for early detection and treatment of open-angle glaucoma.

Vincristine-induced changes in the retina of the isolated arterially-perfused cat eye

We have attempted to determine in this study whether the arterial administration of vincristine produces in cat the functional defects associated with hereditary and vincristine-induced night blindness in man. Using the isolated perfused cat eye, it has been possible to mimic some of the essential features of human night blindness, namely, retention of normal rhodopsin chemistry and normal photoreceptor activity, with marked suppression of the ERG b-wave. In addition, we find that vincristine produces an early, rapid fall in the c-wave, a potential that arises largely in the pigment epithelium. Ultrastructurally, it appears that many classes of retinal neuron are affected by the drug, but the principal changes in cytoarchitecture are seen in the photoreceptors. Except for the outer segments, paracrystalline deposits were found in all parts of the visual cell. The disruption of the normal microtubular organization of these cells suggests that the drug interferes with the functional integrity of the transport system by which synaptic activity is maintained. By reducing the efficacy of communication between visual cells and their second-order neurons, the electrical responses of post-synaptic elements is degraded. The route by which vinca alkaloids reach the neural retina is still uncertain, but our preliminary studies using HRP indicate that the relatively high concentration of vincristine used in this study may be responsible for compromising the blood-retinal barrier.

Eye Care for the Diabetic Patient

DIABETIC retinopathy is the most common cause of blindness in men and women aged 30 to 64 years. 1 It is now the second leading cause of new blindness in the United States and the leading cause in adults younger than 65 years. 2 Diabetic retinopathy occurs in 90% of all persons who have had diabetes for 20 years or longer 3 and in 60% to 70% of patients with diabetes of 15 years' duration. 4 Thus, the longer a patient has been a diabetic, the greater the incidence of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy presents a hemodynamic and structural abnormality brought about by various vaguely understood biochemical or hormonal insults to the retinal vascular tree. 5 The development of diabetic retinopathy appears to be related to not only the duration of the disease but also to the lack of diabetic control that results in elevated blood glucose levels. It can

Isolation of a purified preparation of metabolically active retinal blood vessels.

THE retinal vascular system has long been of interest to both clinicians and basic scientists because of its involvement in a number of systemic diseases, particularly hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and its accessibility to in vivo study through direct observation due to the transparency of the eye. This accessibility has made it an ideal system for the study of a portion of the microcirculation in various physiological and pathological states as well as under the influence of pharmacological agents. Such studies have advanced considerably the clinical and experimental investigation of retinal vascular disease which is one of the most common causes of visual disturbance and blindness in man. But in vitro study of retinal blood vessels has been restricted largely to the examination of retinal digest preparations obtained with the use of proteolytic enzymes1 or by autolysis of the retina in water2, and of isolated vessels obtained by microdissection techniques3. Metabolic studies on such preparations of isolated vessels have been extremely limited3 because of the non-physiological conditions used or their tedious and time consuming nature. Therefore, we have developed a simple procedure for the isolation of a purified preparation of bovine retinal vessels which are metabolically active.

Progress with antiviral agents

It is perhaps pretentious to employ the current popular term ‘antiviral chemotherapy’ when only three classes of compounds are officially approved for limited clinical application: N-methylisatin3i adamantamine, for prophylaxis in humans subject to influenza A-2 virus infections [2,3] ; and 5iodo-2’-deoxyuridine (IUdR) for therapy of herpes simplex cornea1 keratitis [4-71, a major source of blindness in man. Differences of opinion still exist as to whether the future lies with antiviral agents of vaccines [2], the latter of which exploit natural defence mechanisms [8,9] . However specific immunization is feasible only in prophylaxis of viral infections which possess a limited number of serotypes. The feasability of designing broad-spectrum antiviral agents (see below) will provide the decisive answer to this question. The vast majority of new antiviral agents reported during the past 10 years do not pass the stage of tests on cell cultures or small animals. But the intense research activity of the past 5 years has provided a number of drugs approved for investigational purposes, many of which are promising. This brief outline concentrates on only a limited range of compounds, mainly nucleoside and poly(nucleotide) analogues, principally with a view to illustrating

Color Blindness: An Evolutionary Approach.

The book offers a description of basic physical properties of light, color, the pigments, and their role in visual processes; it discusses color vision theories, anomalies, their diagnosis, and classification. In view of the size of the book, the basic physiological facts are treated not in too much detail but contain a fair and up-to-date introduction to the understanding of color vision and methods of color vision testing. The most important and valuable chapters make up the second half of the book. The author discusses the causes, origin, geographic distribution, and evolution of color deficiencies. Color vision and color blindness in man has a long evolutionary history which can be traced historically and geographically as for instance the distribution of color blindness in Africa and South America where deficiencies prevail in coastal regions while they are absent in the center of the continents. In the color deficient, lack of sensitivity

CORRELATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE BIOPHOTOMETER TEST WITH THE VITAMIN A CONTENT OF HUMAN BLOOD

During the last fifteen years the work of many investigators has established a relation between some phases of visual acuity and the state of vitamin A nutrition in animals (for full bibliography see the articles by McCollum and his associates 1 and Hecht 2 ). Fridericia and Holm 3 showed that night blindness is an early symptom of vitamin A deficiency. Wald 4 demonstrated that vitamin A enters into the constitution of the visual purple, which constantly traverses a cycle of breakdown and resynthesis when light falls on the retina. In the absence of a fresh supply of vitamin A carried by the circulation the resynthesis is retarded and the visual threshold of the eye is raised; this is the change underlying the onset of some night blindness. As a result of these findings it has seemed logical to explore the possibility that night blindness in man (when there is no

Two pedigrees of hereditary blindness in man

Two pedigrees of hereditary blindness in man

The Problem of Incidence in Color Blindness

Previous articleNext article FreeThe Problem of Incidence in Color BlindnessC. H. DanforthC. H. Danforth Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The American Naturalist Volume 58, Number 658Sep. - Oct., 1924 Published for The American Society of Naturalists Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/279996 Views: 266Total views on this site Citations: 8Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Alan E. Stark On Random and Systematic Variation in the Prevalence of Defective Color Vision, Twin Research and Human Genetics 23, no.55 (Oct 2020): 278–282.https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2020.74Richard H. Post Population differences in red and green color vision deficiency: A review, and a query on selection relaxation, Biodemography and Social Biology 29, no.3-43-4 (Aug 2010): 299–315.https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.1982.9988503Richard H. Post Population differences in red and green color vision deficiency: A review, and a query on selection relaxation, Eugenics Quarterly 9, no.33 (Aug 2010): 131–146.https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.1962.9987517A. B. Droogleever Fortuyn The incidence of the various genotypes in a population showing a sex-linked recessive character, Genetica 21, no.5-65-6 (Oct 1939): 434–444.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01508129Hans Koellner, Ernst Engelking Die Abweichungen des Farbensinnes, (Jan 1929): 502–535.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-91031-9_15P. Planta Die Häufigkeit der angeborenen Farbensinnstörungen bei Knaben und Mädchen und ihre Feststellung durch die üblichen klinischen Proben, Albrecht von Græfes Archiv für Ophthalmologie 120, no.1-21-2 (Apr 1928): 253–281.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01852799Georg H. M. Waaler Über die Erblichkeitsverhältnisse der verschiedenen Arten von angeborener Rotgrünblindheit, Zeitschrift für Induktive Abstammungs- und Vererbungslehre 45, no.11 (Dec 1927): 279–333.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01847031GEORG H. M. WAALER ÜBER DIE ERBLICHKEITSVERHÄLTNISSE DER VERSCHIEDENEN ARTEN VON ANGEBORENER ROTGRÜNBLINDHEIT, Acta Ophthalmologica 5, no.1-31-3 (May 2009): 309–345.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1927.tb01016.x