AbstractThe subterranean blind mole rat (Spalax) is adapted to underground life stresses genomically, proteomically, and phenomically. It has been studied multidisciplinarily as an evolutionary model, and a potential medical therapy resource. The four parapatric species in Israel, are climatically adapted. Here, we examine coagulation, and blood properties of one population in each of the fourspecies. Our results show thatSpalax galilipossesses the shortest average bleeding time compared to the otherSpalaxspecies (P < 0.04). Likewise,Spalax galilipossesses the shortest average activated partial thromboplastin time. Prothrombin time is 16.34 ± 4.25, 23.3 ± 8.99, 15.71 ± 4.24, and 17.37 ± 6.02 s inSpalax galili,Spalax golani,Spalax carmeliandSpalax judaei, respectively, with significant differences betweenSpalax galiliandSpalax golani, and betweenSpalax golaniandSpalax carmelipopulations (P < 0.05). Blood hemoglobin is higher inSpalax galiliandSpalax golanicompared toSpalax carmeliandSpalax judaeipopulations. Bleeding time, coagulation profiles, and blood properties differ partly between the examined populations. These differences appear adaptive, associated with climatic variation, population density, and the risk of injury during digging, fighting and preying. The population under the highest injury risk displayed the shortest bleeding time.