Blind Cane Research Articles

Obstacle Detection Stick for the Visually Impaired Using HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor and Arduino Nano Microcontroller-based Raindrop Sensor

Aims: With the stick, blind people can not only project their goals well, but also anticipate obstacles from the front, right, left, and unexpected puddles below without physical contact.
 Study Design: Obstacle Detection Stick for the Visually Impaired Using HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor and Arduino Nano Microcontroller-Based Raindrop Sensor.
 Methodology: Calibration is performed by comparing the output value of the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and the manual meter. The calibrated parameters are the distance of the obstacle at the front, left and right positions. The relationship between the measured values of the design tool and the manual measuring instrument is determined by the linear regression method to obtain the correction equation and the accuracy of the design tool.
 Results: Based on the research, the working system of the tool for the blind using an ultrasonic sensor is that when the obstacle is in the left position, the tool will emit a right turn sound and vice versa, when the obstacle is in the front and left position of the sensor, the tool will emit a right turn sound and when the obstacle is in the front and left position of the sensor, the tool will emit a left turn sound, If the obstacle is in the front, left and right positions, the tool will emit a U-turn sound and if the obstacle is in the front position, the tool will emit a U-turn sound, the sound produced comes from the audio card's SD module where the sound was previously recorded and the media used as the obstacle is the card. The percentage level of accuracy obtained by the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor in the front position is 96.875%, in the left position is 90.625%, and in the right position is 93.75%. The maximum distance the ultrasonic sensor can detect is 147 cm. In the raindrop sensor, the buzzer sounds when the raindrop sensor detects water if the raindrop sensor reading is more than 5 cm from the bottom of the blind cane, and the buzzer does not sound if the raindrop sensor reading is less than 5 cm.
 Conclusion: The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor works by using the obstacle's ability to reflect back the ultrasonic waves sent by the ultrasonic sensor to detect the distance between the stick and the obstacle.

Laser Sensing and Vision Sensing Smart Blind Cane: A Review.

Laser sensing and vision sensing smart canes can improve the convenience of travel for the visually impaired, but for the present, most of the system functions of laser sensing and vision sensing smart canes are still defective. Guide equipment and smart blind canes are introduced and classified first, and the smart blind canes based on vision sensing, laser sensing and laser vision sensing are investigated, respectively, and the research status of laser vision sensing smart blind canes is sorted out. The advantages and disadvantages of various laser vision sensing smart blind canes are summarized, especially the research development of laser vision fusion as the core of new smart canes. The future development prospects of laser vision sensing smart blind cane are overviewed, to boost the development of laser vision sensing smart blind cane, to provide safe and efficient travel guarantee for the visually impaired.

Blind Cane Using 2 Axis Servo with Fuzzy Logic Method

Based on data from the Ministry of Health and the Central Bureau of Statistics, it is known that the number of people with disabilities, especially the visually impaired, is 1-1.5% of the total 237 million Indonesian population, which is around 3.75 million blind people. A tool often used to accommodate them is a cane used to feel the ground if there are downgrade and obstructions in front of them. In this study, researchers developed the previous research on blind cane using a 2 axis servo. It was classified using the Fuzzy Logic programming method, which was processed using the Arduino Nano 328P microcontroller. The results of the test on respondents with visual impairments were that they feel accommodating with the tool because the cane users can easily find obstructions with the Navigation Instruction so that they can easily avoid Static obstructions (Static Objects).

Alat Bantu Berjalan Tunanetra Berbasis Mikrokontroler Arduino


 
 
 
 These blind people still have difficulties in carrying out their activities, especially in terms of mobility in society. This is of course due to the lack of facilities and infrastructure that can support blind people in carrying out their daily activities. One of the assistive devices commonly used is a blind cane. With this stick, blind people are quite helped, especially when walking, but the conventional cane has limitations, one of which is the reach is too short. Thus, in this study, a concept for walking aids for blind people was developed by designing a new device that can cover the limitations of conventional canes. The tool is designed to utilize microcontroller technology with a minimum Arduino uno system, ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04, and DFPlayer Mp3 Mini module. The results showed that the designed tool can detect a maximum distance of 80 cm and can make a sound when the ultrasonic sensor is blocked.
 
 
 

Automated Hardware Module (Cane) for Visually Impaired Person to Detect Obstacles and Movement

Blindness can be termed as a visual disorder, in which an individual is unable to see the surrounding environment fully or partially due to some medical factors. In general cases it is observed that for a blind person to walk conveniently him /her uses traditional white blind cane, but most of the times this cane is not useful. In a surrounding which is not familiar, visually impaired person might get confused. So, this restricts their mobility. This hardware project is based on helping and guiding all the blind community. The blind stick is integrated with multiple sensors. The proposed module will reduce the number of accidents taking place with the visually blind community to a great extent.

A Virtual Blind Cane Using a Line Laser-Based Vision System and an Inertial Measurement Unit.

A virtual blind cane system for indoor application, including a camera, a line laser and an inertial measurement unit (IMU), is proposed in this paper. Working as a blind cane, the proposed system helps a blind person find the type of obstacle and the distance to it. The distance from the user to the obstacle is estimated by extracting the laser coordinate points on the obstacle, as well as tracking the system pointing angle. The paper provides a simple method to classify the obstacle’s type by analyzing the laser intersection histogram. Real experimental results are presented to show the validity and accuracy of the proposed system.

Extended Multisensory Space in Blind Cane Users

In the present work, we investigated whether an auditory peripersonal space exists around the hand and whether such a space might be extended by a brief tool-use experience or by long-term experience using a tool in everyday life. To this end, we studied audio-tactile integration in the space around the hand and in far space, in blind subjects who regularly used a cane to navigate and in sighted subjects, before and after brief training with the cane. In sighted subjects, auditory peripersonal space was limited to around the hand before tool use, then expanded after tool use, and contracted backward after a resting period. In contrast, in blind subjects, peri-hand space was immediately expanded when they held the cane but was limited to around the hand when they held a short handle. These results suggest that long-term experience with the cane induces a durable extension of the peripersonal space.