Blind Angle Research Articles

Performance Evaluation of Spaceborne Bistatic SAR Systems

In this paper, the performances of spaceborne bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems are evaluated and compared with those of the conventional monostatic SAR system. Drawing on information on the altitude of satellites and the pulse repetition frequency of the system, the distance between the satellites carrying the transmitter and the receiver is first determined to then obtain the maximum observable width by overlapping the blind ranges. The performances of the bistatic SAR for two satellites at the same altitude moving parallel to each other at the same speed are evaluated, and the results are compared with those obtained from a monostatic SAR system located at left or right end of the baseline. The resolutions, noise equivalent sigma zero, and ambiguities of the bistatic SAR are evaluated based on the windows between blind incident angles of a timing diagram. Subsequently, the most ap-propriate window is determined by comparing the evaluated performances of the bistatic SAR.

An indoor blind area-oriented autonomous robotic path planning approach using deep reinforcement learning

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) provides a new solution for autonomous robotic path planning in a known indoor environment. Previous studies mainly focused on robot path optimization but ignored blind areas in the indoor exploration, naturally result in low coverage rate and low exploration efficiency. The blind areas exploration is a crucial issue of the indoor environment. This work proposes an indoor blind area-oriented autonomous robotic path planning approach using DRL methods. First, the method optimization is based on a double deep Q-network (DDQN) with prioritized experience replay (PER). Then the Blocking and Blind Angle mechanism (BBA) is proposed to explore blind areas, assisted in selecting the optimal exploration points of next moment. Meanwhile it solves the common sparse reward problem in DRL. Finally, the presented method is successfully applied in simulation environment using a cleaning robot. Experiments show that the proposed BBA-PER-DDQN not only explores the blind areas, but also accelerates the convergence speed. The results show that the training time is reduced from more than one hour to 36 minutes, and the coverage rate is increased by 11.37% higher than that of the baseline algorithms.

Impact of Real-Time Blind Slat Angle Control on Reducing Total Energy Consumption of a Library Building Using an Optimized Artificial Neural Network Model: A Case Study of the Six Moroccan Thermal Zones

Abstract The prevalence of extensive glazed areas in contemporary buildings contributes significantly to solar radiation infiltration, elevating energy demands and causing discomfort for occupants. Window shading devices play a pivotal role in addressing this challenge. This paper presents the development and optimization of an artificial neural network (ANN) predictive model, designed to enable real-time control of slat angles by predicting total energy loads, specifically during summer (for cooling and lighting purposes). The refined model demonstrates high precision, achieving a normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) of approximately 1.72% and a correlation coefficient (R) of around 0.999, despite utilizing limited meteorological data. Key inputs for the model include solar radiation, solar altitude, and external temperature, with a particular focus on slat reflectivity. The study assesses the efficiency of three slat types based on their reflectivity: high (80%), medium (50%), and low (20%). Additionally, the research explores the impact of window-to-wall ratio (WWR) values on the control system's efficacy, revealing a positive correlation between higher WWR values and improved energy savings through ANN slat angle control. Furthermore, the study extends the applicability of the ANN model to the six thermal zones in Morocco, affirming its generalization across diverse environmental conditions.

Parametric Thermal Simulations of an Airflow-Screen Façade System

Energy-saving performance is required for building façades, and high-performance window systems, such as double-skin and airflow windows, are being considered as viable alternatives. However, those systems are costly owing to the increased number of glazing panes. Therefore, an airflow-screen façade system (AFS) that combines glazing, a blind, and a roller shade can be a viable solution. The design issues of AFS are the backflow to the indoor side and the effect of natural convection on indoor airflow when exhaust fans are not in use during holidays and at nighttime. However, only few studies exist on the annual thermal behavior of AFS. In this study, based on the thermal load calculation program NewHASP, a simulation model of AFS was built using a thermal node solar heat gain model and a ventilation network model. Sensitivity analysis of the maximum and annual thermal load were performed with the following parameters of the AFS: roller shade airtightness, glazing type, blind slat angle control system, window orientation, and exhaust fan air volume. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that the maximum and annual thermal loads were the most sensitive to were the direction the window faces and the airtightness of the roller shade.

The performance investigation on a multifunctional wall with photo-thermal catalytic blinds for heating, shading and formaldehyde removal

A novel multifunctional wall with photo-thermal catalytic blinds (PTC-Blind/TW) for heating, shading and formaldehyde removal was proposed. The system can realize indoor air purification all year by using solar energy, space heating in winter and cooling in summer simultaneously. The hybrid wall system was built and thermal and formaldehyde degradation performance was tested experimentally. The coupled heat, mass and reaction dynamic model was established and experimentally verified. Based on the model, the optimal blind angle control strategy was studied when the system runs in different cities all year. Main results were: (1) Under the solar radiation of 300–900 W/m2, the thermal efficiency, formaldehyde single-through convention and CADR of system were in the range of 20–40%, 30–60% and 20–80 m3/h respectively. (2) For the thermal and purification performance of the system, the fitted degree R2 between the simulation results and the experimental results reaches 80–90%. (3) The optimal blind turning angle operation strategy in Nanjing, Beijing, Xining and Guangzhou was obtained. (4) When applied optimal operation strategy in four cities, the total generated clean air annually, reduced heating loads in winter seasons and reduced cooling loads in summer and transition seasons were in range of 0.8–1.7*104 m3/m2, 86.3–739.5 MJ/m2 and 261.2–388.5 MJ/m2 respectively.

A novel Trombe wall with photo-thermal synergistically catalytic purification blinds: Material and experimental performance study

Trombe wall is a widely used solar heating structure, but still has problems of easy accumulation of indoor pollutants and overheating. The photo-thermal catalytic purification technology can use solar full spectrum for air purification and heating. Thus, a Trombe wall with photo-thermal synergistically catalytic blinds was proposed, which realized heating and formaldehyde purification in winter and shading in summer. Firstly, the photo-thermal composite catalysts with different photo/thermal catalyst ratios were prepared and the formaldehyde degradation under different catalytic conditions was conducted. Then an experimental test system was built to explore the thermal and formaldehyde degradation performance under three blind turning angles of 15°, 45° and 75°. The results were: (1) The formaldehyde degradation performance was the best when the ratio of photo-thermal catalyst was 10%. (2) The solar radiation reduced the activation energy of photo-thermal catalysts by 14.5%–31.3%, which revealed a photo-thermal synergistic catalytic effect. (3) Indoor steady experiments showed that the comprehensive performance of wall increased with the solar radiation intensity and blind angle. (4) The outdoor experiments showed the wall behaved best performance when the blind turning angle was 45°. The thermal efficiency and total generated clean air could reach 40.9% and 205.1 m3 at daytime, respectively.

The experimental and theoretical analysis on a Trombe wall with photo-thermal composite catalytic purification blinds

Trombe wall is one of typical solar passive heating systems, while exists issues of single-function and indoor air pollution. The photo-thermal synergistically catalytic technology has huge advantage on applying solar energy for heating and air purification. This article proposed a Trombe wall with photo-thermal catalytic purification blinds, which realized air purification, space heating and shading. Firstly, the catalytic activity and mechanism of photo-thermal catalytic material MnOx-CeO2/TiO2 were investigated. Then the experimental and model study on the thermal and formaldehyde degradation performance of proposed wall under three blind angles were conducted. Finally, the parameter and energy-saving performance were investigated. The results show that: Firstly, the once-through conversion of MnOx-CeO2/TiO2 with optimal photocatalyst/thermal-catalyst ratio of 10% approached 80% when the catalytic temperature was above 40 °C. The solar radiation decreased the catalytic reaction activation energy and a photo-thermal synergetic catalytic effect was existed. Secondly, the wall had optimal performance when the blind angle was 45° among the three angles of 15°, 45° and 75° explored in the experiment. In a sunny winter day, the air thermal efficiency and total generated clean air approached 40.9% and 205.2 m3/day, respectively. Thirdly, the thermal and formaldehyde degradation performance increased with solar radiation, ambient temperature and air channel height, while the air channel thickness had an optimal value. Finally, the optimal annual blind operation angles in Hefei were suggested. The average annual volume of clean air generated was 46 m3/day, the total reduced heating and cooling loads were 225.8 MJ/m2 and 616.0 MJ/m2, respectively.

A Study on Millimeter-Wave Magneto-Electric Dipole Phased Arrays for 5G Dual-Band Applications

Beam steering characteristics of millimeter-wave substrate-integrated magneto-electric (ME) dipole phased arrays with large sizes are investigated in this article. The formation mechanism of the guided waves traveling along the planar ME-dipole array geometry is revealed with the use of a linear array model in simulation, which not only provides an effective method of predicting the blind angles for the ME-dipole phased arrays but also confirms the superior wide-angle scanning performance of the arrays. An 8 × 8 ME-dipole phased array is then designed, fabricated, and tested, whose measured beam scanning range without the blindness in both the E- and H-planes is ±60° over the frequency range between 23.5 and 27.5 GHz and is ±50° over the range between 27.5 and 29.5 GHz. A gain of up to 23.6 dBi and stable radiation patterns are also achieved. With the simple single-layered configuration and the wide-angle scanning ability over the wide operating band of 22.6%, the ME-dipole phased array would be an attractive candidate for the millimeter-wave dual-band applications in the fifth generation (5G) mobile communications.

Development and experimental validation of a CFD model for the thermal behaviour assessment of Complex Fenestration Systems

Complex Fenestration Systems with integrated shading systems are becoming widely used to enhance the building's envelope performance and increase the occupants' thermal and visual comfort. Their peculiarity of integrating a complex shading system makes it difficult to assess their thermal and optical performance. The complexity of the shading system itself, in addition to the interaction with the fluid flow in the window cavity, calls for the use of adequate modelling and simulation techniques. In this framework, a novel modelling approach for the thermal characterization of Complex Fenestration Systems with integrated venetian blinds at different tilt angles has been investigated and validated against onsite measurements under dynamic conditions. The numerical assessment includes a preliminary optical calculation to determine the fraction of solar radiation absorbed by the glazing system and a subsequent Computational Fluid Dynamic simulation to which the absorbed solar radiation is assigned. On the other side, the experimental characterization is based on heat flux, solar irradiance, and temperature measurements. After the model calibration - through the selection of the most appropriate models for the internal and external convective heat transfer coefficients, the numerical simulation showed a good correspondence with experimental data for all analyzed blind tilt angles with a Coefficient of Variation of the Root Mean Square Error in the open blind configuration (18° from horizontal) of 22.75%, 7.27% and 4.74% and in the intermediate blind configuration (37° from horizontal) of 21.14%, 6.02% and 2.86%, respectively for heat flux, external and internal surfaces temperatures.

Modeling three-dimensional bait ball collective motion.

Collective motion of animal groups such as fish schools and bird flocks in three-dimensional (3D) space are modeled by considering a topological (Voronoi) neighborhood. The tridimensionality of the group is quantified. Apart from the patterns of swarming, schooling, and milling, we identify a 3D bait ball around the phase transition boundary. More significantly, we find that by considering a blind angle in this topology based model, an individual interacts statistically with six to seven neighbors, consistent precisely with the previous field observations of the starling flocks. This model could be expected to enable more insightful investigation on realistic collective motion of shoals or flocks.

Study on the Application of Real-Time Drone Monitoring in Ordos Open-Pit Coal Mine

In the process of intelligent mine construction in open-pit mine, in order to improve the safety monitoring ability of mine transportation system, solve the problems of large human interference and blind Angle detection by existing conventional monitoring methods, this paper establishes an open-pit mine monitoring data set, and proposes a real-time intelligent monitoring model based on UAV. The reasoning component with strong computing power and low power consumption is selected, and the lightweight object detection model is selected for the experiment. A quantitative standard of dynamic energy consumption detection by evaluation algorithm is proposed. Through experimental comparison, it is found that YOLOv4-tiny has the highest comprehensive grade in detection accuracy, speed, energy consumption and other aspects, which is suitable for application in the above model.

The Impact of Passive Solar Shading Elements in Traditional Residential Buildings of Aegean Region

The use of sun shading elements frequently seen in the residential tradition of the Aegean region. Controllable traditional venetian blinds (shutters) carried to the present through periodic changes are prominent design elements of the architectural heritage. This study aims to understand the effectiveness of these traditional sun control elements in terms of energy efficiency in the cooling season within three different locations (north, mid, and south Aegean coast), and daylighting illuminance level adaptations in Izmir, mid Aegean coast area, with 2 different materials, and 3 different blind angles. To obtain data, on-site measurements conducted in the field of interest. The sunshade illuminance level measurements of the studied residential example used as a source for more effective use of IES (VE) energy models before testing further variations. The main objective is to comprehend one of the traditional methods of coping with the effect of the sun and to understand the reasons from a technical point of view for future adaptations. As a result of the analysis carried out on the most critical days of sunlight, the evaluation of solar shading elements in terms of daylighting balance and cooling loads in traditional houses, will provide us the understanding of the effect of sun control variations in the defined temperate climate region. Tested methodology will guide future case studies.

Thermal performance and airflow analysis of a new type of Double Skin Façade for warm climates: An experimental study

Double Skin Facades (DSF) integrated with shading devices are increasingly implemented in tall buildings to protect the building from excessive solar radiation. However, the potential overheating of DSF in warm climates leads to lower DSF performance in hot seasons. In this study, a new type of DSF named Interstitial Slat-blind DSF (IS-DSF) has been introduced featuring wind-induced ventilation and insulated shading devices. This research aims to highlight the capabilities of the proposed DSF in a warm climate and identify contributing environmental and geometrical factors for overheating risk reduction of IS-DSF. To this end, an experimental study was conducted in a scaled room located in an outdoor environment on summer days in Brisbane, Australia. First, the test room with and without IS-DSF was studied to assess the performance of IS-DSF for controlling indoor temperature. Next, a parametric evaluation was conducted including geometrical variables (cavity width, slat blind angle) and environmental factors (approaching wind speed and direction, air velocity in the cavity and solar radiation). It was found that the most influential factor for controlling the cavity overheating risk is the air velocity inside the cavity while the effect of blind slats angle is negligible. A cavity airflow velocity threshold was estimated beyond which the overheating of the IS-DSF cavity becomes negligible. Correlations were established to predict cavity airflow velocity from approaching wind speed for IS-DSF with different lateral openings. Overall, IS-DSF showed a reduction in surface temperature of the cavity as a potential advantage compared to conventional DSF to reduce the overheating risk of the DSF's cavity in a warm climate. • Addressing the overheating risk of Double Skin Facade (DSF) in warm climates. • IS-DSF is introduced featuring vertical openings and insulated shading devices. • An air velocity threshold for overheating estimation is experimentally identified. • Correlations are established to predict the air velocity in DSF's cavity.

Effect of blind angles on thermal decay in the UFAD system in summer

• Thermal decay depending on blind angle examined two heat transfer effects. • The effect of change in conduction at the bottom surface of the concrete slab on the rate of convective heat transfer. • The effect of change in solar radiation at the top surface of the raised floor on convective heat transfer at its bottom surface. • Optimization of the UFAD system based on analysis of thermal decay and chiller energy consumption, and their dependence on Phi. The objective of this study was to explain and quantify the effect of blinds on the heat transfer paths causing thermal decay and the resulting effects on diffuser discharge temperatures, temperature profiles, supply airflow rate, and energy consumption. To analyze the direct effects of convective heat transfer on thermal decay as blind angle changes, two processes must be examined. The first is the effect of the return temperature on convective heat transfer during operating hours, and the resulting change in conduction rate at the bottom surface of the concrete slab. The second is the effect of change in solar radiation at the top surface of the raised floor on convective heat transfer from its bottom surface, which affects thermal decay. This paper performed an analysis of thermal decay and cooling energy consumption according to the blind angle through a comparison of experimental data and simulation results. Phi means stratification in the room; lower values mean more stratification, which should be considered as a UFAD systems design. The most notable result of this study is the return temperature. It can be seen that during better temperature stratifications, the return temperature was higher due to the plume phenomenon. Although blinds decrease the total indoor cooling load with their shielding effect on the solar radiation load, the rise in return temperature increased the cooling coil load of the air conditioner and the heat storage in the concrete slab. This study will help to understand the relationship between the blind angle, the thermal stratification, and cooling energy usage in the UFAD systems.

Direct Radiation Model of Louver Shading in Office Building Shade Based on Network Optimization Method.

In view of the current situation of excessively rapid growth of building energy consumption, a control strategy of external shading louvers based on comprehensive energy consumption is proposed to deeply tap the potential of building energy saving. First, the architectural design software Ecotect is used to establish a simulation model of a shading building in Zhengzhou and import it into the lighting analysis software Daysim and the energy consumption simulation software Energyplus to simulate the annual lighting energy consumption and air-conditioning at 11 kinds of blind angles (15∼165°). For heating energy consumption, take the blind angle corresponding to the minimum comprehensive energy consumption as the opening angle of the dynamic blinds and analyze the comprehensive energy consumption for the whole year under dynamic sunshading. The results show that, compared with the conventional control strategy, the optimized control strategy based on comprehensive energy consumption can greatly improve the building's energy-saving rate.

The Solar Heat Cutting Performance of Double-Skin Facades

The solar heat cutting performance of double-skin facades was analyzed in this paper. A physical model was built to calculate the thermal characteristics of double-skin facades. The effects of location, floor height, facade facing direction, blind slice angle, and skin style on solar heat cutting were investigated. The results show that double-skin facades can effectively cut the heat flux entering room, especially for west facing facade. Comparing with the single-skin facade, the double-skin facade cuts 1410.2 Wh/m2 more heat to enter room for west facing facade in a clear summer day in Nagano, Japan. Floor height mainly influences the outlet air temperature of the facade intermediate space, but not the heat fluxes. Locations somewhat affect the solar fluxes on outer facade surface.

The inter-parliamentary cooperation as a solution to mitigate the democratic deficit within the European Union

1979년 유럽의회(European Parliament)가 직접보통 선거를 도입한 결과로 발생한, 유럽의회와 회원국 의회 간의 단절이 유럽의회와 회원국 의회 간 협력의 필요성을 낳아, 그 협력이 꾸준히 증가해왔다. 유럽의회가 유럽연합이사회(Council of the European Union)와 동등한 정책결정기구로서 참여하는 공동체 방식(Community method)이 아닌, 회원국 간 지속적인 정치적 타협과 이해조정을 요구하는 정부 간 협의 방식(Intergovernmental method)에 의해 채택된 유럽 정책이 증가함으로써, 유럽연합의 활동들에 관한 의회 통제의 사각지대가 확장되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 본 연구는 유럽의회와 회원국 의회 사이에 존재하는 상호보완성(complementarity) 덕분에, 의회 간 협력이 유럽연합의 활동들에 대한 민주적 정당성을 강화하는 장치가 될 수 있음을 보여 준다. 본 연구는 유럽연합 내 다양한 의회 간 협력회의들을 EU회원국 의회 내 EU담당위원회 간 회의인 COSAC (Conference of Parliamentary Committees for Union Affairs of Parliaments of the European Union) 그리고 EU회원국 의회의장 간 회의인 EUSC(Conference of Speakers of the EU Parliaments)와 같은 모든 종류의 유럽연합 이슈들을 전방위적으로 다루는 의회 간 협력회의들과, 특정 분야에 집중된 분야별 의회 간 협력회의들(유럽연합 공동외교안보/공동안보방위 정책을 위한 의회 간 협력회의인 IPC for CFSP/CSDP, 유럽연합 내 안정, 경제적 조정 및 거버넌스에 관한 의회 간 협력 회의인 IPC on SECG 그리고 유로폴에 관한 공동의회조사 그룹인 JPSG on Europol)로 나누어서 검토하고, 강점(Strengths), 약점(Weaknesses), 기회(Opportunities) 및 위기(Threats)를 검토하는 SWOT 분석을 통해, 유럽연합 내 의회 간 협력을 종합적으로 검토함으로써, 유럽연합 내 의회 간 협력의 한계와 가능성에 대한 이해를 제고한다. 또한 본 연구는 유럽연합 내 의회 간 협력에 관한 연구를 통하여, 한·중·일 동아시아 3국 의회 간 협력의 발전가능성 및 한국에 주는 함의를 도출한다.Resulting to a large extent from the gap between the European Parliament and the national parliaments as a result of the election of the members of the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage introduced in 1979, the necessity of the inter-parliamentary cooperation (IPC) has progressively increased. In the context where the blind angle of the parliamentary control on the EU expands, resulting from the development of the European politics taken by the intergovernmental method instead of by the community method, this study shows that the IPC can be a device which could lead to strengthen the democratic legitimacy of the EU’s acts thanks to the complementarity between the European Parliament and the national parliaments. This article examines the IPC by dividing it into two types of IPC: on the one hand, IPCs dealing with subjects related to general EU affairs (*COSAC and *EUSC); on the other hand, IPCs dealing with subjects which are focused on a certain sector (*IPC for CFSP/CSDP, *IPC on SECG and *JPSG on Europol). In assessing the IPC through a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis, this study leads us to understand the limits and the potential benefits of the IPC. In addition, through a study on the IPC within the EU, this article seeks to extend possibilities for the development of the IPC in three East Asia countries (South Korea, China and Japan) and makes us to learn a lesson for South Korea. COSAC: Conference of Parliamentary Committees for Union Affairs of Parliaments of the European Union * EUSC: Conference of Speakers of the EU Parliaments * IPC for CFSP/CSDP: Inter-Parliamentary Conference for the Common Foreign and Security Policy and the Common Security and Defense Policy * IPC on SECG: Inter-Parliamentary Conference on Stability, Economic Coordination and Governance in the EU * JPSG on Europol: Joint Parliamentary Scrutiny Group on Europol

Simulation-based analysis of luminous environment of OLED lighting-integrated blinds for PV–OLED blind systems

Photovoltaic (PV) blinds generate power and control the sunlight entering the rooms. The control of PV blinds to maximize the power generation is disadvantageous to the indoor lighting environment as it blocks daylight. This study developed a PV–OLED blind system with an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) lighting panel attached to the back of a PV blind slat. It maximizes PV power generation, supplements indoor illuminance, and enables easy installation because it is an integrated device. A simulation modeling method of OLED, a surface-type lighting that rotates according to the blind angle, was developed and verified using measurement values. In order to apply the surface-type lighting form, a method of applying several luminous intensity distribution data files was used where we divided the height and width of one OLED lighting panel. As the number of height divisions increased, the coincidence rate with the measured values of the simulation results tended to increase. Using the proposed modeling method, the indoor illuminance distributions according to the installation position of the OLED lighting panel and the control angle of the slat were analyzed. When the slat angle was close to 60°, the influence of OLED was the greatest, and the influence of daylight decreased as the slat angle was decreased. As the slat angle increased, insufficient daylight could be compensated with an OLED lighting panel. As the OLED lighting panel was installed in the lower part of the blinds, the uniformity ratio decreased, and the average illuminance increased.

A 3-D numerical simulation-based heat production performance research for enhanced geothermal system with two horizontal wells and rectangular multiparallel fractures

Parallel multifracture model with horizontal wells is an important structural form of enhanced geothermal system (EGS) to mine the hot dry rock, for its superiority in connecting injection well and production well. In this work, the numerical simulation study of the EGS heat production performance is carried out. Firstly, a 3-D large-scale model of two horizontal wells and multiparallel rough fractures is established, in which the fracture aperture are millimeter scale. Then, the flow and heat transfer process of water in fractured rock mass is simulated. Finally, sensitivity analysis of the EGS heat production performance to various operational and formation parameters is conducted, in which the well spacing, injection temperature, circulation flow rate, fracture aperture, fracture spacing and thermal conductivity of rock mass are considered. Results indicate that there are flow short circuit and blind angles in the velocity field, and the thermal short circuit exists in the temperature field of rock mass. EGS with four rough fractures can supply heat generation power of 9.11 MW–18.05 MW with an average value of 14 MW within 20 years, and the well spacing has the greatest influence on heat production performance of EGS while fracture aperture has least effect.

Parametric Study of a Blind Spot Zone: Case Studies of Perodua Viva, Perodua Myvi and Proton Suprima


 
 
 The initial works on Blind Spot Zone (BSZ) identification presents the importance of the blind spot towards the everyday drive. The alarming collision rate in the blind spot zone especially when changing lanes has triggered the necessity of BSZ detection and warning system, focusing on a daily-used and affordable car segment. Such technologies are recently available at top variant cars. Therefore, a low cost yet facilitative BSZ detection and warning system is required. This paper presents the continuity experimental result of identification of the BSZ of three different car segments, i.e. Perodua Viva in a compact A-segment car, Perodua Myvi in a compact B-segment and Proton Suprima in a C- segment hatchback. Instead of using volunteered persons, this paper presents a dedicated platform with adjustable heights and camera to replace the human. The results show that the blind spot area and angle is affected by types of car model and driver heights. Also, the relationship between the blind spot area and angle with driver height can be shown in a straight line.