Blast Shock Waves Research Articles

Development of Dust Emission Prediction Model for Open-Pit Mines Based on SHPB Experiment and Image Recognition Method

Open-pit coal mining offers high resource recovery, excellent safety conditions, and large-scale production. However, the process generates significant dust, leading to occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis among miners and adversely affecting nearby vegetation through dust deposition, which hinders photosynthesis and causes ecological damage. This limits the transition of open-pit mining to a green, low-carbon model. Among these processes, blasting generates the most dust and has the widest impact range, but the specific amount of dust generated has not yet been thoroughly studied. This study integrates indoor experiments, theoretical analyses, and field tests, employing the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) system to conduct impact loading tests on coal–rock samples under pressures ranging from 0.13 MPa to 2.0 MPa. The results indicate that as the impact load increases, the proportion of large-sized blocks decreases while smaller fragments and powdered samples increase, signifying intensified sample fragmentation. Using stress wave attenuation theory, this study translates indoor impact loadings to field blast shock waves, revealing the relationship between blasting dust mass fraction and impact pressure. Field tests at the Haerwusu open-pit coal mine validated the formula. Using image recognition technology to analyze post-blast muck-pile fragmentation, the estimated dust production closely matched the calculated values, with an error margin of less than 10%. This formula provides valuable insights for estimating dust production and improving dust control measures during open-pit mine blasting operations.

Energy absorption characteristics of expansion tube subjected to the coupled loading in near-field explosion

Expansion tube structures (ETSs) are extensively employed as energy-absorbing components in protective structures, yet their dynamic response under near-filed explosion remains inadequately understood, which limits their applications in anti-explosion devices. This paper investigates the response of ETS through explosion experiments, testing both the overpressure history of blast loading and the propagation process of detonation products. Following experimental verification, finite element models are established to obtain the characteristics of explosive loading and the response of ETS. The findings demonstrate that as the velocity of slider increases, the embedding displacement of ETS exceeding its limit induces a local buckling transformation in thin-wall tubes from one end buckling to simultaneous buckling at both ends. In the scaled distance range of 0.4–0.5 m/kg1/3, the energy absorption (EA) of ETS under different explosive masses exhibits distinct trends as the scaled distance increases, despite the decrease in peak pressure of blast loading. This is due to the coupling effect between blast shock waves and detonation products, resulting in diverse alterations in specific impulse with increasing scaled distance for varying explosive masses. In the case of oblique impact of blast loading, the percentage decrease in EA within the near-field range (Z < 0.8 m/kg1/3) is higher than that at mid-to-far range due to the uneven and random ejection of detonation products. The study elucidates the dynamic response of ETS under the coupled loading of blast wave and blast products, and provides valuable insights for optimizing designs of ETS utilized in near-field blast-resistant structures.

Approximate analytical solution using power series method for the propagation of blast waves in a rotational axisymmetric non-ideal gas

In this paper, the propagation of the blast (shock) waves in non-ideal gas atmosphere in rotational medium is studied using a power series method in cylindrical geometry. The flow variables are assumed to be varying according to the power law in the undisturbed medium with distance from the axis of symmetry. To obtain the similarity solution, the initial density is considered as constant in the undisturbed medium. Approximate analytical solutions are obtained using Sakurai’s method by extending the power series of the flow variables in power of a0U2, where U and a0 are the shock velocity and speed of sound, respectively, in undisturbed fluid. The strong shock wave is considered for the ratio a0U2 which is considered to be a small quantity. With the aid of that method, the closed-form solutions for the zeroth-order approximation is given as well as first-order approximate solutions are discussed. Also, with the help of graphs behind the blast wave for the zeroth-order, a comparison between the numerical solution and the approximate analytical solution are shown. The distributions of flow variables such as density, radial velocity, pressure and azimuthal velocity are analysed. The results for the rotationally axisymmetric non-ideal gas environment are compared to those for the ideal gas atmosphere. The velocity-distance and time-distance curves are also shown to analyse the decaying characteristic of a blast wave.

Experimental and numerical simulation of the attenuation effect of blast shock waves in tunnels at different altitudes

Traffic engineering such as tunnels in various altitudinal gradient zone are at risk of accidental explosion, which can damage personnel and equipment. Accurate prediction of the distribution pattern of explosive loads and shock wave propagation process in semi-enclosed structures at various altitude environment is key research focus in the fields of explosion shock and fluid dynamics. The effect of altitude on the propagation of shock waves in tunnels was investigated by conducting explosion test and numerical simulation. Based on the experimental and numerical simulation results, a prediction model for the attenuation of the peak overpressure of tunnel shock waves at different altitudes was established. The results showed that the peak overpressure decreased at the same measurement points in the tunnel entrance under the high altitude condition. In contrast, an increase in altitude accelerated the propagation speed of the shock wave in the tunnel. The average error between the peak shock wave overpressure obtained using the overpressure prediction formula and the measured test data was less than 15%, the average error between the propagation velocity of shock waves predicted values and the test data is less than 10%. The method can effectively predict the overpressure attenuation of blast wave in tunnel at various altitudes.

The fatal effect of shock waves on the head of a person wearing a polyurea-reinforced ballistic helmet

Ballistic helmets are an important part of personal protective equipment in war and are specifically designed to protect a person’s head. The future trend is to improve the protective performance of helmets through the use of lightweight coatings, and polyurea, as one of the hottest elastomeric polymer coating materials in recent years, has excellent physical properties, especially its ability to improve the target’s protection against blast shock waves. Therefore, in this study, using a validated head model, a blast impact model under the fluid-solid coupling method was constructed to study the effect of blast wave on the model and to analyse its effect on intracranial pressure and skull deformation. In addition, the effect of the position of the polyurea lightweight protective coating on the bending deformation of the skull under the effect of the blast wave was also investigated. The results showed that the polyurea coating could reduce the skull deformation under the same surface density condition. However, spraying polyurea on the blast surface of the helmet’s blast-facing surface does not effectively reduce skull deformation caused by blast waves.

Predictive model of back-wall overpressure behind a cantilever wall

To reduce the hazards posed by blast shock waves, important potential targets are usually shielded by cantilever walls. The main factor that indicates whether there is damage is the back-wall overpressure, and of concern here is predicting the back-wall overpressure behind a rigid cantilever wall. This was measured in full-scale blast experiments using 20 kg of trinitrotoluene (TNT) located on the ground, and the experimental data reveal how the cantilever wall mitigates the shock wave. A 3D numerical model was established to determine how the wall size influences the diffraction of the shock wave and the peaks and attenuation of the back-wall overpressure. Based on the numerical results and dimensional analysis, a model is proposed that provides an effective means of predicting the back-wall overpressure rapidly from the TNT equivalent, the standoff distance, and the height of the wall.

Blast-Induced Central Auditory Neurodegeneration Affects Tinnitus Development Regardless of Peripheral Cochlear Damage.

Blast exposure causes serious complications, the most common of which are ear-related symptoms such as hearing loss and tinnitus. The blast shock waves can cause neurodegeneration of the auditory pathway in the brainstem, as well as the cochlea, which is the primary receptor for hearing, leading to blast-induced tinnitus. However, it is still unclear which lesion is more dominant in triggering tinnitus, the peripheral cochlea or the brainstem lesion owing to the complex pathophysiology and the difficulty in objectively measuring tinnitus. Recently, gap detection tests have been developed and are potentially well-suited for determining the presence of tinnitus. In this study, we investigated whether the peripheral cochlea or the central nervous system has a dominant effect on the generation of tinnitus using a blast-exposed mouse model with or without earplugs, which prevent cochlear damage from a blast transmitted via the external auditory canal. The results showed that the earplug (+) group, in which the cochlea was neither physiologically nor histologically damaged, showed a similar extent of tinnitus behavior in a gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle reflex test as the earplug (-) group, in which the explosion caused a cochlear synaptic loss in the inner hair cells and demyelination of auditory neurons. In contrast, both excitatory synapses labeled with VGLUT-1 and inhibitory synapses labeled with GAD65 were reduced in the ventral cochlear nucleus, and demyelination in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body was observed in both groups. These disruptions significantly correlated with the presence of tinnitus behavior regardless of cochlear damage. These results indicate that the lesion in the brainstem could be dominant to the cochlear lesion in the development of tinnitus following blast exposure.

Temporal Changes in Functional and Structural Neuronal Activities in Auditory System in Non-Severe Blast-Induced Tinnitus.

Background and Objectives: Epidemiological data indicate that blast exposure is the most common morbidity responsible for mild TBI among Service Members (SMs) during recent military operations. Blast-induced tinnitus is a comorbidity frequently reported by veterans, and despite its wide prevalence, it is also one of the least understood. Tinnitus arising from blast exposure is usually associated with direct structural damage that results in a conductive and sensorineural impairment in the auditory system. Tinnitus is also believed to be initiated by abnormal neuronal activities and temporal changes in neuroplasticity. Clinically, it is observed that tinnitus is frequently accompanied by sleep disruption as well as increased anxiety. In this study, we elucidated some of the mechanistic aspects of sensorineural injury caused by exposure to both shock waves and impulsive noise. The isolated conductive auditory damage hypothesis was minimized by employing an animal model wherein both ears were protected. Materials and Methods: After the exposure, the animals' hearing circuitry status was evaluated via acoustic startle response (ASR) to distinguish between hearing loss and tinnitus. We also compared the blast-induced tinnitus against the well-established sodium salicylate-induced tinnitus model as the positive control. The state of the sensorineural auditory system was evaluated by auditory brainstem response (ABR), and this test helped examine the neuronal circuits between the cochlea and inferior colliculus. We then further evaluated the role of the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors and neuronal synapses in the auditory cortex (AC) injury after blast exposure. Results: We observed sustained elevated ABR thresholds in animals exposed to blast shock waves, while only transient ABR threshold shifts were observed in the impulsive noise group solely at the acute time point. These changes were in concert with the increased expression of ribbon synapses, which is suggestive of neuroinflammation and cellular energy metabolic disorder. It was also found that the onset of tinnitus was accompanied by anxiety, depression-like symptoms, and altered sleep patterns. By comparing the effects of shock wave exposure and impulsive noise exposure, we unveiled that the shock wave exerted more significant effects on tinnitus induction and sensorineural impairments when compared to impulsive noise. Conclusions: In this study, we systematically studied the auditory system structural and functional changes after blast injury, providing more significant insights into the pathophysiology of blast-induced tinnitus.

Close-in explosion behaviors of scaled concrete–rubber layered circular meta-tunnels

Attenuating shock-induced vibration is crucial for the safety of underground protective structures, equipment, and personnel. Metamaterials and metastructures demonstrate great potential for sound and shock attenuation. However, to further enhance protection against blast shock waves, more rational metamaterials and metastructures need to be proposed and designed. Additionally, more experimental and theoretical studies are required to explore the vibration attenuation mechanisms and effects of these metastructures. To this end, this study proposes layered meta-structures consisting of stiff concrete layers and thin, soft rubber layers. Scaled meta-tunnel models were constructed, and close-in explosion experiments were carried out to investigate their vibration mitigation performance. The impacts of critical parameters, including layer materials, layer thickness, and scaled distance, on the vibration attenuation effects were investigated through comparing displacements, strains, acceleration data, and failure characteristics. The results reveal that under close-in field explosions with small TNT mass all these scaled models have greater displacement and more cracks, for laminated structure weakens the integral rigidity of the metastructure. Under great TNT mass, the difference gets much smaller. But all these structures have excellent vibration attenuation. The acceleration attenuation rate exceeds 98% for two-concrete-layered models with rubber layer thickness of 0.6 cm under explosion with TNT mass of 0.1 kg and stand-off distance of 1.0 m. When the TNT mass increases, the acceleration attenuation ability will be weakened. In this research, more layers will improve vibration attenuation only under high equivalent explosions as fracture of each layer will dissipate more energy. Overall, this study sheds light on the efficacy of meta-structures in attenuating vibration induced by explosive blasts and lays the groundwork for more sophisticated and advanced protective engineering designs.

Nanosecond volume discharge in the non-stationary high-speed profiled channel flow

The aim of the work is an experimental and numerical investigation of the interaction between the pulse volume discharge with a high-speed flow in the rectangular profiled channel (obstacle on the bottom wall). The special type of combined discharge—pulse volume discharge with preionization by an ultraviolet radiation from plasma sheets—is used. The flow around the obstacle influences the pulse discharge plasma distribution. The short-pulse initiation of a high power discharge leads to the effects observable in the time range up to millisecond. Ultrafast local heating of the medium with the formation of blast (shock) waves is carried out during the creation of a high nonequilibrium sub microsecond pulsed plasma. The duration of the shock-wave effect of the pulsed discharge is from 20 to 120 μs in supersonic and transonic flow. The spatially inhomogeneous distribution of energy input in a supersonic flow associates with the density lowest areas, which occur in a gas flow regime in a channel with an obstacle on the bottom. Discharge localization regions are sources of more intense wall surface local heating observed in the infrared range. A numerical calculation is carried out in order to match the calculated and experimental gas dynamical configurations.

Analysis of the Ultimate Load-Bearing Capacity of Steel-Clad Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Arched Protective Doors under Blast Shock Waves

The mechanism of blast damage to steel-clad concrete-filled steel tube (SCCFST) arched protective doors is studied using the dynamic response characteristics of such loads under the action of blast shock wave loads, and the ultimate blast load-bearing capacity formula is derived based on the “plastic hinge” damage mode of the doors using limit analysis, which explores the effect of the blast shock wave. The effect of the design parameters of each component of the protective door on the load-bearing capacity subjected to blast shock waves is discussed. Results show that the damage mechanism under a uniform radial load on the outer surface of the SCCFST arched protective door is characterized by the plastic hinge lines at the two arch feet, which results in a slip fracture and renders the protective door unstable. The load-bearing capacity of the SCCFST arched protective door depends on the coordinated functioning of the cross-sectional outer cladding steel plate and inner connecting partition, concrete-filled steel tube, and restraining concrete outside the steel tube. The load-bearing capacity of each of the three parts differs with the varying cross-sectional occupancies.

Propagation characteristics of blast shock waves in low-pressure environment

Propagation characteristics of blast shock waves in low-pressure environment

The probable excitation mechanism of kink oscillations of coronal loops

Oscillations in various structures of the solar atmosphere, such as transverse (kink) oscillations of coronal loops, can be used in seismology. Transvers kink oscillations of coronal loops are often accompanied by solar flares. Despite the intensive study of kink oscillations of coronal loops in recent years, the excitation mechanism of these oscillations are still not known. In this paper, we aim to clarify the excitation mechanisms of transverse oscillations of coronal loops. For this purpose, first 458 oscillation events were identified by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) during its first ten years (2010–2019) with the use of the Helioviewer, JHelioviewer and Heliophysics Events Knowledgebase (HEK). Then, the association of these oscillation events with probable mechanism for exciting the kink oscillations such as flares, lower coronal eruptions and plasma ejections, and coronal mass ejections bursts were listed. Finally, about 138 suitable kink oscillations out of 485 oscillations with high-amplitude, long oscillation period and visible through the naked eye that were accompanied with other probable excitation mechanism of kink oscillations, were selected. This statistical analysis of the transverse oscillation coronal loops showed that that 102 of these 138 oscillation events (74 %) were associated with lower coronal eruptions or plasma ejections. About 38 oscillations out of 138 transverse oscillations (27.5%) were associated with coronal mass ejections/eruption. Also, 65 events (47 %) were associated with flares. The required speed of hypothetical drivers of transverse oscillations were calculated. The magnitude values of calculated speeds for shock wave of flares were found to be lower than 500±100 km/s in 87% of the cases. Also, the magnitude values of speeds for lower coronal mass eruption/ejection were obtained to be lower than 500±125 km/s in 94% of the cases. The magnitude values of these speeds are acceptable for lower coronal mass eruption/ejection. But, such low speeds do not favor the association of the oscillation excitation with a shock wave of flares, as usually assumed. Also, statistical analysis of start time and time difference of hypothetical drivers of transverse oscillations showed that there is no clear correlation between them. The results of this study indicated that shock wave of flares cannot be the main cause of transverse oscillations of coronal loops. So, this analysis shows that the most probable excitation mechanism of the kink oscillations of coronal loops are eruptions or plasma ejections rather than the blast shock waves ignited by flares. ‎

Characterization of Blast Wave Parameters in the Detonation Locus and Near Field for Shaped Charges

Understanding physical phenomena such as blast shock waves produced by controlled explosions are relevant for issues appearing in the fields of military and civilian activities. The current study analyzes detonations of cylindrical and 3D cone-shaped charges through experimental trials and numerical simulations. In order to accomplish such goals, the work is divided into three sections, which include (a) numerical studies on spherical charges to define an accurate model; (b) numerical and experimental studies to assess the influence of cylindrical and 3D cone-shaped charges on incident peak pressure and the shape of shock wave propagation; and (c) numerical studies to define the magnitude of incident peak pressure as a function of orientation, L/D aspect ratio and scaled distance. Validation studies proved that the applied model was reasonably accurate. Furthermore, relevant findings included the observation that when the L/D aspect ratio decreases, more release energy is concentrated in the axial direction for a 3D cone-shaped charge, while as the aspect ratio increases, more release energy is concentrated in the radial direction for a cylindrical-shaped charge. Additionally, the blast shock wave produced a great quantity of energy for the explosive charge with the largest surface. Finally, the orientation has less influence than the L/D aspect ratio on the incident pressure contours. Therefore, cylindrical charges have the potential of inflicting great damage when used as confined charges, and 3D charges are able to cut solid materials in case of a direct contact.

Damage response of high elastic polyurea coated liquid-filled tank subjected to close-in blast induced by charge with prefabricated fragments

The fuel tank related to the safety and normal operation of vehicle equipment has become a vulnerable component under the attack from conventional ammunition and terrorist explosion. It is an important subject to improve the protection ability of fuel tank against strong impact loads. In order to explore the feasibility of polyurea coating on the protection of thin-walled liquid-filled tank under the combined action of fragments and blast shock waves, a series of experiments concerning prefabricated fragment charge impacting on polyurea coated fuel tank (PCFT) under close-in blast were conducted. The results showed that polyurea can not only reduce the perforation rate and damage area on PCFT, but the excellent self-healing characteristics can also inhibit the leakage of inner liquid. The micro morphology indicated that the "self-healing" of polyurea originated from the intricate overlap of tensile deformed filaments. Meanwhile, numerical simulation was carried out to reproduce the experimental results and expand the working conditions (blast scaled distance varies from 0.096 to 0.385m/kg1/3, and polyurea thickness from 0 to 8mm). The interaction mechanism of fragments and shock waves was revealed, and the protection enhancement mechanism of polyurea was clarified together with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. According to the summarized four types of damage modes on PCFT, the retrieval map of damage modes influenced by polyurea thickness and blast scaled distance was finally established. The research provides support for the application of polyurea on improving the impact resistance of liquid storage container.

A Novel Gating Mechanism of Aquaporin-4 Water Channel Mediated by Blast Shockwaves for Brain Edema

As the principal water channel in the brain, aquaporin-4 (AQP4) plays a vital role in brain edema, but its role in blast brain edema is unclear. On the basis of molecular simulations, we reveal the atomically detailed picture of AQP4 in response to blast shockwaves. The results show that the shockwave alone closes the AQP4 channel; however, shock-induced bubble collapse opens it. The jet from bubble collapse forcefully increases the distance between helices and the tilt angles of six helices relative to the membrane vertical direction in a very short time. The average channel size increases about 2.6 times, and the water flux rate is nearly 20 times higher than for normal states. It is responsible for abnormal water transport and a potential cause of acute blast brain edema. Additionally, the open AQP4 channel quickly returns to its normal state, which is in turn helpful for edema absorption. Thus, a novel gating mechanism for AQP4 related to the secondary structure change has been provided, which is different from the previous residue-mediated gating mechanism.

Damage assessment of RC columns under the combined effects of contact explosion and axial loads by experimental and numerical investigations

Understanding physical phenomena such as blast shock waves produced by controlled explosions is useful for problem solving in military and civil fields. The current study analyses the damage response of reinforced concrete (RC) columns exposed to contact explosion effects through experimental trials and numerical simulations and is divided into two sections: (a) experimental studies to perform and measure the damage of columns and (b) numerical studies to define the minimum quantity of pentolite 50/50 needed to collapse different RC column designs. Validation studies proved that the model was reasonably accurate. Relevant findings include the following: (a) the damage process until collapse presents a sequence in which (1) the concrete cover is fragmented, (2) the transverse bars suffer shear, (3) the longitudinal bars buckle, and (4) the concrete core is partially and fully fragmented; (b) in the case of detonations that exceed 500 g of pentolita, the type of transverse reinforcement arrangement in the RC column has significance on the final damage; and (c) the axial load increases the blast strength of the column and improves the concrete core confinement.

Performance of brick-filled reinforced concrete composite wall strengthened with C-FRP laminate(s) under blast loading

From the safety of the structure and security point of view, the role of free-standing compound wall is still relevant. Such unreinforced walls have limited flexural capacity under the effects of blast shockwaves and may suffer from severe damage with catastrophic out-of-plane failure consequences. The previous novel study was conducted by the authors on free-standing reinforced concrete (RC) wall, 6000 mm × 2500 mm × 230 mm (length × height × thickness), having (i) 70 mm wide cavity, the cavity filled with (ii) bricks on edges, and (iii) sand as softcore materials, subjected to explosive charge weights of 3.50 and 7.20 kg-TNT at standoff distance 3.50 m and height of burst 1.25 m using the dynamic computer code, ABAQUS/Explicit-v.6.15. The cavity wall filled with softcore material as bricks was found to give an outstanding performance while that without softcore displayed an inferior response than the wall with sand as softcore. In the present work, the authors have further extended the research by investigating the performance of the free-standing brick-filled RC composite wall under the explosive weights of 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 kg-TNT at a very close standoff distance (0.50 m). A well-known Concrete Damage Plasticity Model (CDPM) considering strain rate effects is used to define the constitutive relation of concrete and infilled bricks. The nonlinear behavior of the reinforcing bars is also taken into account. Coupled-Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL), an advanced computational modeling technique, is adopted to simulate the explosion effect on the wall. Radial cracks mainly at the blast height level develop under explosion loads ≤ 5 kg-TNT. For higher explosive loads, the bulging of the concrete walls occurs. To make the wall sustain the damage due to the blast, it is strengthened with a single layer of the carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer (C-FRP) laminate of minimum thickness 0.15 mm. The load-carrying mechanisms are explained. Effect on strength parameters of the wall contributing to its improved blast performance is discussed. Multi-layers of the C-FRP are also considered against higher explosive loads for satisfactory blast performance of the wall.

Experimental and numerical simulation study on polyurea-coated fuel tank subjected to combined action of blast shock waves and fragments

Fuel tanks, as core fuel components of many types of mechanical equipment, are highly vulnerable to strong dynamic loads, such as those from explosions and fragments. In this paper, two types of polyurea materials (AMMT-53 and AMMT-55) were designed to enhance the damage resistance of fuel tanks. The mechanical parameters and performance differences of the two polyurea materials were first obtained. On this basis, a series of experiments study on fuel tanks coated with different thicknesses polyurea subjected to a combination of blast waves and fragments were performed. The results showed that these two types of polyurea materials had different protective abilities. The AMMT-53 polyurea could effectively reduce the perforation rate but could not prevent the liquid leakage, while the AMMT-55 polyurea could not significantly reduce the perforation rate, but the self-healing property could effectively prevent the leakage of liquid. The whole process of the shock wave and the fragments acting on the fuel tank was revealed by numerical simulations. From the change of the fragment velocity, the strength of the shock wave in the liquid, and the energy change of the polyurea layer, it was proven that the coated polyurea layers had good protective effects on the fuel tank.

Effect of the Reinforced Concrete Slab on the Blast Shock Wave Properties

Based on advanced numerical simulation technologies, such as the birth and death of element technique, large displacement technique, and fluid-solid coupling mechanism, and combined with the strain rate effect of concrete and steel materials, a complicated finite element model of a TNT–air–slab system is set up using the nonlinear explicit dynamic finite element analysis software LS-DYNA. A series of numerical simulation analyses is conducted on the reinforced concrete slab to evaluate the properties of the blast shock wave at the back of the slab. First, the typical characteristics of the blast shock waves at the front and back of the slab are described concisely. Then, the relation between the incident wave and the reflected wave is built by further studying the influence of the slab on the properties of the reflected wave at the front of the slab. And then, the relation between the reflected wave and the reformed wave is established by analyzing the effect of the slab on the change law of the reformed wave at the back of the slab. Finally, the basic steps for predicting the properties of the reformed wave are given considering the effect of the reinforced concrete slab on it. In addition, the case study demonstrates that the predicted results are true and reliable, and it indicates that the proposed method can accurately and effectively predict the properties of the reformed wave at the back of the reinforced concrete slab.