Addressing the critical issue of turbine blade failures, particularly in steam turbine systems, this comprehensive review delves into examining and analyzing various failure mechanisms associated with steam turbine blades. The discussion extends to the mode utilized in investigating these failures, with a specific focus on the crucial role of steam turbines in power generation. The review synthesizes various studies that have explored suitable blade materials for optimized performance and reduced failure risks. Findings reveal common failures such as thermal stress, mechanical stress, corrosion, erosion, fatigue, and creep in turbine blades and hubs. Consequently, the review serves as a valuable resource, providing insights into failure mechanisms and advocating for the implementation of suitable materials to enhance the reliability and performance of steam turbine blades.