Bladder Outlet Obstruction Index Research Articles

Efficiency of HoLEP in patients with detrusor underactivity and renal dysfunction secondary to BPO

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess the bladder and renal functional outcomes of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in patients with benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) complicated by detrusor underactivity (DU) and secondary renal dysfunction.MethodsThirty-one patients were included in this prospective study. Eligible patients had urinary retention, a bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI) greater than 40, a bladder contractility index (BCI) less than 100, abnormal renal function at the initial diagnosis (serum creatinine > 132 µmol/L) and a renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter (PRAPD) > 1.5 cm bilaterally. All patients underwent HoLEP in a routine manner and were evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. The baseline characteristics of the patients, perioperative data, postoperative outcomes and complications were assessed.ResultsSignificant improvement was observed in the international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL) score, maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax), post-void residual volume (PVR), Scr and RPAPD at the 6-month follow-up. Bladder wall thickness (BWT) exhibited a decreasing trend but did not significantly differ from the preoperative values. No grade 3 or higher adverse events occurred, and grade 3 and lower complications were treated conservatively. Three patients required reinsertion of indwelling catheters, and they were able to void spontaneously after two weeks of catheterisation training and medication treatment.ConclusionHoLEP is an effective treatment for men with BPO accompanied by DU and consequent renal function impairment. Patients are able to regain spontaneous voiding. Both bladder and renal functions were preserved and improved.

Predictive Factors for the Successful Outcome of Urethral Sphincter Injections of Botulinum Toxin A for Non-Neurogenic Dysfunctional Voiding in Women.

Dysfunctional voiding (DV) is not uncommon in women with non-neurogenic voiding dysfunction. Because of its unknown pathophysiology, effective and durable treatment is lacking. This study aimed to analyze the results of treatment and predictive factors for a successful outcome of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) treatment in female patients with DV. In total, 66 women with DV confirmed by a videourodynamic study (VUDS) were treated with a BoNT-A injection into the urethral sphincter once (n = 33) or several times (n = 33). VUDS was performed before (baseline) and after the BoNT-A treatment. Patients with a global response assessment of the voiding condition of 2 or 3 and a voiding efficiency (VE) of >20% than baseline were considered to have a successful outcome. The baseline demographics, VUDS parameters, and VUDS DV subtypes were compared between the successful and failed groups. Predictive factors for a successful outcome were investigated by logistic regression analyses. Successful and failed outcomes were achieved in 27 (40.9%) and 39 (59.1%) women, respectively. After BoNT-A injections, the maximum flow rate (Qmax), voided volume, and VE all significantly increased, and the postvoid residual (PVR) was slightly improved. No significant difference in the number of injections and medical comorbidity was found between the groups. However, the successful group had a higher incidence of previous pelvic surgery. No significant difference in the treatment outcome was found among patients with different urethral obstruction sites. Significant improvements in Qmax, voided volume, PVR, VE, and the bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) index were noted in the successful group. A lower VE at baseline and a history of surgery were identified as predictive factors for a successful outcome of BoNT-A injections for treating DV. BoNT-A injections into the urethral sphincter can effectively improve VE in 40.9% of women with DV. Women with higher BOO grades and previous pelvic surgery are predicted to have a successful treatment outcome.

Validation of the area under the Watts factor curve during the voiding cycle as a novel parameter for diagnosing detrusor underactivity in females.

Detrusor underactivity (DU) is a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). To date, no consensus has been reached on the urodynamic criteria for defining DU. We previously proposed the area under the curve of the Watts factor (WF-AUC) as a new parameter for diagnosing DU. By comparing previously reported five criteria for DU and WF-AUC, we analyzed whether the WF-AUC could assess detrusor contraction in women with LUTS. Using urodynamic data of consecutive 77 women with LUTS, first, we classified DU based on previously reported five criteria. Second, we assessed the potential correlation between multiple parameters and WF-AUC. Third, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the cutoff value of WF-AUC for diagnosing DU based on previously reported five criteria. Fourth, a linear regression analysis was conducted and compared using multiple criteria and female bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOIf). WF-AUC was positively correlated with the maximum values of WF, bladder contractility index (BCI), and projected isovolumetric pressure 1 (PIP1) with correlation coefficients of 0.63, 0.57, and 0.34, respectively. AUC for diagnosing DU based on previously reported five criteria ranging from 0.773 to 0.896 with different cutoff values of AUC-WF. The Spearman's correlation test revealed that BOOIf was significantly correlated with BCI, but not Wmax, PIP1 and WF-AUC. This study demonstrated the non-inferiority of the WF-AUC compared to previously reported criteria for defining DU. Depending on the cutoff value, the WF-AUC could appropriately evaluate women with DU, regardless of the presence of BOO.

Real-world experience of water vapour therapy (Rezum) in patients with benign prostatic enlargement: a retrospective single-center study.

Water vapor thermal therapy (Rezum) is a minimally invasive treatment for benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). Studies reporting urodynamic results regarding the procedure are rare. Our study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Rezum on urinary outcome parameters in a consecutive series of patients and compare urodynamic data before and after treatment. We retrospectively evaluated all the patients treated with Rezum between 07/2017 and 12/2023 at our institution. Patients who had more than one Rezum intervention, those who were unable to void (i.e., catheter-dependent patients), and those with insufficient data were excluded from the data analysis. Descriptive outcomes, such as symptom scores (IPSS, IPSS-QoL), peak flow in uroflowmetry (Qmax), post-micturition residual urine volume (PVR), and prostate volume (PVol), were analyzed. If available, preoperative and postoperative urodynamic results were evaluated. In total, 250 Rezum procedures were performed during the observational period. After applying the exclusion criteria, the data from 193 patients were included in the analysis. Patients achieved significant symptom relief as measured using the IPSS (46% reduction) and IPSS-QoL scores (41% reduction). Qmax improved by 4.8 ml/s, as the mean PVR significantly decreased by 50%. PVol and PSA values decreased by 30% and 27.5%, respectively. In 19/193 patients with a urodynamic evaluation, pre- and postoperative data analysis showed a significant reduction in the bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI) by approximately 70%. Rezum is effective and can improve urinary symptoms. In appropriate patients, Rezum can significantly reduce the bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).

Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Open Simple Prostatectomy or Prostate Artery Embolization in Large Prostates: Clinical and Urodynamic Assessment — PoPAE Study

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of PAE and Open Simple Prostatectomy (OP) on LUTS and urodynamic parameters in subjects with prostate size > 80 cc³. MethodsPoPAE study (open simple Prostatectomy or Prostate artery embolization) was a randomized, open-label controlled trial performed between January 2020 and May 2022.Subjects with large prostates (> 80cc³), urodynamic parameters meeting obstruction criteria (Bladder Outlet Obstruction Index - BOOI > 40), and good detrusor function (Bladder contractility index>100) were included. The primary and co-primary endpoints were the variation in peak flow rate on uroflowmetry (Qmax) and BOOI. The secondary endpoints were the IPSS and ultrasonographic changes. Results23 and 25 subjects underwent PAE and OP were evaluated, respectively. At baseline, the 2 groups have shown similar clinical, radiological, laboratory, and urodynamic parameters.After 6 months, Qmax improved 8,3 ± 4.17 ml/sec in PAE and 15.1 ± 8.04 ml/sec in OP(mean difference 6.78 in favor of PE; p=0.012 [CI -9.00 to -3.00]). After treatment, 88 % of those men underwent OP were classified as unobstructed or equivocal (BOOi<40). On the other hand, 70% of subjects underwent PAE remained obstructed (BOOI>40) and none of them shifted to unobstructed status (BOOI<20). It was observed a similar reduction in IPSS and PVR in both groups. ConclusionPAE was inferior to conventional surgery for releasing BOO and improving peak urinary flow in large prostates. Nevertheless, PAE was able to improve symptoms and PVR, and might be an alternative method in selected patients.

Primary bladder neck obstruction in men: The importance of urodynamic assessment and cystourethrography in measuring its severity.

Primary bladder neck obstruction (PBNO) is a condition primarily affecting young men, characterized by obstruction at the bladder neck, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms. The aim of this study was to identify a correlation between the severity of bladder neck opening impairment and urinary symptoms by means of urodynamic studies. A retrospective analysis was conducted in adult males diagnosed with PBNO at a university neurourology department between 2015 and 2022 who underwent voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and pressure-flow studies. The cohort was divided into two groups: absence of bladder neck opening on VCUG (Group A) and incomplete bladder neck opening (Group B). Out of the 82 patients with PBNO screened, 53 were included in the analysis. Nocturia was the only symptom more prevalent in Group A (65% in Group A vs. 30% in Group B, p = 0.02) but scores and subscores of the Urinary Symptom Profile questionnaire were not different between groups. In addition, the detrusor pressure at a maximum flow rate (PdetQmax), bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI), and bladder contractility index (BCI) were higher in Group A than in Group B [PdetQmax (A = 93.7 ± 53.7 cmH2O vs. B = 65.7 ± 26.4 cmH2O; p = 0.01)-BOOI (A = 77 ± 58.3 vs. B = 48 ± 25.7; p = 0.03)-BCI (A = 136 ± 51.3 vs. B = 110 ± 41.7; p = 0.04)]. This study demonstrates a significant association between the extent of bladder neck opening impairment observed on VCUG and obstruction and contraction urodynamic parameters, but no association with the severity of urinary symptoms. Future studies should evaluate the predictive value of treatment response and the occurrence of complications based on clinical and urodynamic parameters.

Novel clinical diagnostic criteria based on noninvasive examination findings to predict the presence of urodynamic detrusor underactivity in men.

To investigate the usefulness of novel clinical diagnostic criteria based on noninvasive examination findings to diagnose urodynamic detrusor underactivity (DU) in men. We developed clinical diagnostic criteria to predict the presence of urodynamic DU in men as follows: (a) bladder voiding efficiency <70% on uroflowmetry, (b) existence of "sawtooth and interrupted waveforms" on uroflowmetry, and (c) ultrasonography-documented intravesical prostatic protrusion <10 mm. We analyzed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of these clinical criteria for diagnosing urodynamic DU in men aged 50 years or above with lower urinary tract symptoms who underwent urodynamic studies. Of the 314 men analyzed (mean age, 72.4 years; mean detrusor contraction index [DCI], 98.8; and mean bladder outlet obstruction index [BOOI], 43.9), 89 men met this clinical DU diagnostic criteria. Of these, 79 men (88.8%) had urodynamic DU (DCI < 100 and BOOI < 40), nine (10.1%) had DU + BOO (DCI < 100 and BOOI ≥ 40), and one (1.1%) had normal voiding functions. None of the men with urodynamic BOO (DCI ≥ 100 and BOOI ≥ 40) met the clinical DU diagnostic criteria. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of these clinical diagnostic criteria for urodynamic DU were 69.3%, 95.0%, 88.8%, and 84.4%, respectively. The proposed clinical DU diagnostic criteria showed a high PPV (88.8%) for diagnosing urodynamic DU. None of the patients with BOO met the clinical diagnostic criteria for DU. These clinical DU diagnostic criteria may be useful in identifying men with urodynamic DU in clinical practice.

The Effect of Running Water Sound Listened to Patients During Urodynamics on Anxiety and Urodynamic Parameters.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of listening to the sound of running water during urodynamics on the patient's anxiety and parameters in the pressure-flow study. The population of the study, which was planned in the nonrandomized experimental study design, consisted of patients who will undergo urodynamics in the Urology Department of a city hospital in Istanbul between September 2022 and January 2023, and the sample consisted of 60 patients, 30 of which were in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. During the pressure-flow study, the patients in the experimental group listened to the sound of running water from a smartphone, while the patients in the control group did not undergo any intervention during urodynamics. The level of anxiety in both groups before, during and after urodynamics was evaluated with the visual analogue scale. During the pressure-flow study, it was evaluated whether the patients emptied on command, and the maximum flow rate (Qmax) and the detrusor pressure at the maximum flow rate (PdetQmax) were measured. Bladder outlet obstruction index (PdetQmax-2Qmax) and bladder contractility index (Pdetqmax+5Qmax) were calculated using these values. During the pressure-flow study, in the experimental group patients who listened to the sound of running water from a smartphone; anxiety level mean scores during and after urodynamics were found to be statistically significantly lower than the control group patients (P < 0.001). The mean bladder contractility index score in the experimental group patients was statistically significantly higher than the control group patients (P < 0.001), and the cases of urinating with a catheter during the pressure-flow study were statistically significantly higher than the control group patients (P < 0.001). Listening to the sound of running water during urodynamics had a positive effect on reducing anxiety in patients and micturating during pressure-flow study.

Urodynamic and urethral pressure profilometry findings in women with voiding phase dysfunction treated with surgical urethrolysis.

Long-term urodynamic (UDS) and urethral pressure profilometry (UPP) parameters in women with voiding phase dysfunction following an anti-incontinence (AI) procedure have been poorly characterized. We report our 10-year UDS findings in women with voiding phase dysfunction after AI procedure, who underwent urethrolysis. We identified sequential records containing urethrolysis current procedural terminology codes over a 10-year period. Records of women with preoperative UDS were reviewed for demographics, UDS tracing, and outcomes following urethrolysis. Twenty-five women (mean age 60 years) had voiding phase dysfunction and underwent urethrolysis at a mean of 47 months (interquartile range [IQR] 12-61) after AI procedure. Preoperatively, six (24%) women required intermittent catheterization. Free uroflowmetry revealed a mean maximum peak flow (Qmax) of 9.6 ml/s (IQR 7.0-11.0), voided volume of 137 ml (IQR 81-169), and postvoid residual of 167 ml (IQR 43-288). UDS revealed a mean UPP length of 24 mm (IQR 20-27), UPP closure pressure of 78 cmH2O (IQR 59-103), detrusor pressure at maximum flow (Pdet@Qmax) of 31 cmH2O (IQR 19-43), Qmax of 7.9 ml/s (IQR 5.0-12.0), bladder outlet obstruction index of 15 (IQR 0-34), and bladder contractility index of 71 (IQR 60-81). UPP length was significantly associated (Pearson correlation, p<0.05) with bladder outlet obstruction index (r=0.80), Pdet@Qmax (r=0.75), and time since AI procedure (r=-0.70). UPP closure pressure was significantly associated with age (r=-0.64), volume of first (r=-0.64) and strong (r=-0.78) desire, and capacity (r=-0.71). Following urethrolysis, spontaneous voiding was achieved in 23 (92%) women at followup (mean 308 days). UPP may help characterize outlet parameters in women with voiding phase dysfunction following an AI procedure, who ultimately undergo urethrolysis.

Use of Urinary Biomarkers in Discriminating Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome from Male Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunctions.

To analyze the urinary biomarkers in men with lower urinary-tract symptoms (LUTS) and identify interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) from the other lower urinary-tract dysfunctions (LUTDs) by the levels of characteristic urinary biomarkers. In total, 198 men with LUTS were prospectively enrolled and urine samples were collected before intervention or medical treatment. Videourodynamic studies were routinely performed and the LUTDs were diagnosed as having bladder-outlet obstruction (BOO) such as bladder-neck dysfunction, benign prostatic obstruction, or poor relaxation of external sphincter (PRES); and bladder dysfunction such as detrusor overactivity (DO), hypersensitive bladder (HSB), and IC/BPS. Patients suspicious of IC/BPS were further confirmed by cystoscopic hydrodistention under anesthesia. The urine samples were investigated for 11 urinary inflammatory biomarkers including eotaxin, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL10, MCP-1, MIP-1β, RANTES, TNF-α, NGF, BDNF, and PGE2; and 3 oxidative stress biomarkers 8-OHdG, 8-isoprostane, and TAC. The urinary biomarker levels were analyzed between LUTD subgroups and IC/BPS patients. The results of this study revealed that among the patients, IC/BPS was diagnosed in 48, BOO in 66, DO in 25, HSB in 27, PRES in 15, and normal in 17. Patients with BOO had a higher detrusor pressure and BOO index than IC/BPS, whereas patients with IC/BPS, BOO, and DO had a smaller cystometric bladder capacity than the PRES and normal subgroups. Among the urinary biomarkers, patients with IC/BPS had significantly higher levels of eotaxin, MCP-1, TNF-α, 8-OHdG, and TAC than all other LUTD subgroups. By a combination of different characteristic urinary biomarkers, TNF-α, and eotaxin, either alone or in combination, had the highest sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value to discriminate IC/BPS from patients of all other LUTD subgroups, BOO, DO, or HSB subgroups. Inflammatory biomarker MCP-1 and oxidative stress biomarkers 8-OHdG and TAC, although significantly higher in IC/BPS than normal and PRES subgroups, did not have a diagnostic value between male patients with IC/BPS and the BOO, DO, or HSB subgroups. The study concluded that using urinary TNF-α and eotaxin levels, either alone or in combination, can be used as biomarkers to discriminate patients with IC/BPS from the other LUTD subgroups in men with LUTS.

Risk Factors for Persistent Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms 1 Month Following Convective Water Vapor Thermal Therapy (CWVTT-Rezum)

To investigate the incidence and risk factors of persistent lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) 1 month and later following convective water vapor thermal therapy (CWVTT) in men with LUTS secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Patients who underwent CWVTT from 11/2018-5/2021 at a single institution were eligible for inclusion and retrospectively identified. Pertinent patient, operative, and outcomes data were extracted. The primary outcome was clinically significant LUTS improvement at 4 weeks following CWVTT. Persistent LUTS was defined as failure to reach a minimally clinical important difference of 25% reduction on International Prostate Symptom Score at 4 weeks. One hundred nine patients qualified. Fifty percent of patients experienced persistent LUTS at 1 month. Eighty-two percent of men ultimately reached the minimally clinical important difference. For each additional month following CWVTT, the odds of achieving clinically significant LUTS improved by 9% (Odds ratio (OR)=0.91, P=.0033). Bladder outlet obstruction index and prior surgical BPH therapy were associated with persistent LUTS on multivariate logistic regression. Every 10-unit increase in Bladder outlet obstruction index noted at baseline was associated with a 15% increased likelihood of achieving minimally clinical important difference in LUTS at 4 weeks following CWVTT (OR=0.85, P=.01). Patients receiving prior surgical BPH therapy were 3.5 times more likely to experience persistent LUTS at 1 month (OR=3.47, P=.01). Fifty percent of men experienced persistent LUTS 1 month following CWVTT. However, LUTS improved with time and the majority of men ultimately achieved clinically significant LUTS improvement. A lower baseline Bladder outlet obstruction index and prior BPH procedures are risk factors for persistent LUTS following CWVTT.

Characteristics of uroflowmetry patterns in men with detrusor underactivity revealed by artificial intelligence.

To elucidate the characteristics of uroflowmetry (UFM) observed in men with detrusor underactivity (DU) using our developed artificial intelligence (AI) diagnostic algorithm to distinguish between DU and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Subjective and objective parameters, including four UFM parameters (first peak flow rate, time to first peak, gradient to first peak, and the ratio of first peak flow rate to maximum flow rate [Qmax ]) selected by analyzing the judgment basis of the AI diagnostic system, were compared in 266 treatment-naive men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Patients were divided into the DU (70; 26.32%) and non-DU (196; 73.68%) groups, and the UFM parameters for predicting the presence of DU were determined by multivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Detrusor underactivity was defined as a bladder contractility index <100 and a BOO index <40. Most parameters on the first peak flow of UFM were significantly lower in the DU group. On multivariate analysis, lower first peak flow rate and lower ratio of first peak flow rate to Qmax were significant parameters to predict DU. In the ROC analysis, the ratio of the first peak flow rate to Qmax showed the highest area under the curve (0.848) and yielded sensitivities of 76% and specificities of 83% for DU diagnosis, with cutoff values of 0.8. Parameters on the first peak flow of UFM, especially the ratio of the first peak flow rate to Qmax , can diagnose DU with high accuracy in men with LUTS.

Clinical and Urodynamic Predictors for Failure of Medical Management with Alpha Blockers in PBNO: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis

To evaluate the clinical and urodynamic variables that may predict the failure of alpha-blockers in PBNO patients. Alpha-blockers are useful as a treatment option in patients with Primary Bladder Neck Obstruction (PBNO). Non-responders need to undergo Bladder Neck Incision (BNI). Little is known about the predictive factors determining success of treatment. The was a retrospective study, spanning over a period of 8 years. PBNO was diagnosed in the presence of a Bladder Outlet Obstruction Index (BOOI) >40 with video-urodynamic evidence of obstruction at the bladder neck. The patients were initially managed with alpha-blockers (alfuzosin/tamsulosin) for 3 to 6 months, and BNI contemplated when pharmacotherapy failed. The patients with upper tract changes managed with upfront BNI or Clean Intermittent Catheterization (CIC) were excluded. The data for the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), uroflowmetry, urodynamic studies, and ultrasonography of pre and post-treatment periods were reviewed. Treatment outcomes were defined as complete response (>50% improvement in Qmax and IPSS score) and partial response (30-50% improvement in Qmax and IPSS score) at 3 or 6 months. Ninety-nine patients were analyzed. 21 patients underwent BNI for the failure of medical management and 31 for recurrence of symptoms at a mean follow-up of 18.8±3.5 months (12-70 months). Independent predictors of failure of pharmacotherapy with alpha-blockers were age (p = 0.021), Pdet@Qmax (p = 0.015), and BOOI (p = 0.019). Alpha-blockers are more likely to fail in PBNO in younger patients generating higher voiding pressures and BOOI > 60.

Transvaginal Urethrolysis As A Treatment Option For Women With Recurrent Cystitis

Objectives: To demonstrate the outcome of transvaginal urethrolysis as a treatment option for women with recurrent cystitis, which could be caused from voiding problems. In the case of a failure of non-invasive treatment, the surgical procedure to decrease outlet resistance may have a role. Materials and Methods: Between January 2016 and December 2020, women with recurrent cystitis who underwent urethrolysis at Siriraj Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Only women who were followed-up for more than 6 months were analyzed. Cure was defined by no clinical symptoms of cystitis, no pyuria on urine analysis, and/or negative urine culture during the follow-up period. Results: In total, 52 women underwent transvaginal urethrolysis. The overall cure rate was observed 53.9% (28 cases) at a median follow-up time of 11.9 (6–59) months. Eighteen of the 44 cases (40.9%) who underwent a video urodynamics study showed bladder outlet obstruction, defined as a Solomon–Greenwell bladder outlet obstruction index of more than 5. None of the characteristics or urodynamics parameters showed statistically significant differences between the cure and failure groups. Postoperative urinary incontinence was reported in 14 cases (26.9%) but showed no statistical difference between the cure and failure group (p = 0.748). Conclusion: Bladder outlet obstruction is a common cause of recurrent cystitis. Transvaginal urethrolysis may have a role as treatment for women with recurrent cystitis from voiding dysfunction who have failed non- and less-invasive treatments. Here, the overall cure rate was 53.8%. A factor associated with the cure rate could not be demonstrated in this study.

Defining bladder outlet obstruction and detrusor underactivity in females with overactive bladder: Are we forgetting about the free uroflowmetry?

Both detrusor underactivity (DU) and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) can coexist in patients with overactive bladder. Definitions of both DU and BOO are based on pressure-flow study (PFS) data. However, invasive urodynamics study can differ from a natural micturition, in fact, discrepancies between free uroflowmetry (UFM) and PFS have been largely described. Our goal is to assess the correlation of free-flowmetry and PFS among patients with OAB and to evaluate how different definitions of DU/BOO are able to discriminate patients with different free UFMs. A retrospective review of urodynamics performed at a single institution was conducted. Females with OAB who voided more than 150 mL in both UFM and PFS were included. Parameters from both voiding episodes were compared with nonparametric test. Two definitions of DU were applied; PIP1: Pdet@Qmax+Qmax < 30 and Gammie: Pdet@Qmax < 20 cmH2 O, Qmax < 15 mL/s, and BVE < 90% (Bladder voiding efficiency). Also,two definitions of obstruction were chosen; Defretias: Pdet@Qmax ≥25 cmH2 O and Qmax ≤ 12 mL/s and Solomon-Greenwell female BOO index ≥ 18. Patients who matched with each definition were compared to those who did not, to assess if any definitions were able to discriminate different noninvasive uroflowmetries. A total of 195 patients were included. Overall, mean age was 55 ± 12 years, 90.8% had mixed urinary incontinence, and 39% complained of at least one voiding symptom. Globally, Qmax and BVE correlated poorly between UFM and PFS, showing that most of the variation corresponded to a systematic error. Twenty-two individuals were found to have DU, they had a difference of 13 mL/son both maximum flows. Fifty-four patients showed BOO, with a difference between their Qmax of 19 mL/s. Among the four definitions analyzed, only PIP1 and Defreitas were able to discriminate patients with actually a lower Qmax on the free UFM. Patients with overactive bladder seem to have a systematic discordance between the urine flow of the free and invasive studies. Current definitions of DU and BOO, which are based on the PFS parameters, are not consistently able to discriminate patients who actually void deficiently on the free UFM.

PD41-09 RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL COMPARING PROSTATE ARTERY EMBOLIZATION VS OPEN PROSTATECTOMY: CLINICAL AND URODYNAMIC ASSESSMENT IN A ONE YEAR FOLLOW UP

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023PD41-09 RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL COMPARING PROSTATE ARTERY EMBOLIZATION VS OPEN PROSTATECTOMY: CLINICAL AND URODYNAMIC ASSESSMENT IN A ONE YEAR FOLLOW UP Bruno Lebani, André Silva, Eduardo Silveira, Milton Skaff, and Fernando Almeida Bruno LebaniBruno Lebani More articles by this author , André SilvaAndré Silva More articles by this author , Eduardo SilveiraEduardo Silveira More articles by this author , Milton SkaffMilton Skaff More articles by this author , and Fernando AlmeidaFernando Almeida More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003346.09AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The Open Prostatectomy (OP) remains one of the gold standard treatments for Benign prostate enlargement larger than 80 ml. The Prostate Artery embolization (PAE) is a minimally invasive procedure that interrupts the blood flow, shrinking the prostatic adenoma. There is no randomized controlled trials assessing PAE for prostates larger than 80 ml in patients with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and good detrusor function. The aim of this study is to evaluate PAE in prostates larger than 80 ml, comparing the results to patients underwent to open prostatectomy. METHODS: A non-inferiority, randomized, open label-controlled trial was developed in a single center, between January 2020 and May 2022. OP was indicated according to prostate weight (larger than 80 ml measured by MRI) and symptoms, urodynamics parameters meeting Bladder Outlet Obstruction (defined by BOOI >40) and good detrusor function (defined by Bladder contractility index - BCI >100). The patients were randomized to OP and PAE. The primary endpoint was urodynamic comparisons, embracing changes on Maximum urinary flow rate in pressure-flow studies (Qmax-QxP), Detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate (PdetQmax) and Bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI) from baseline to 6 months. Secondary endpoints include clinical assessment, laboratory and ultrasonography . Analyses between groups of all schedule visits at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months were performed. RESULTS: 23 patients were evaluated in PAE arm and 25 were evaluated in OP arm. Groups are similar, without differences in clinical, radiological or urodynamic parameters. In baselinte, PAE group presented Qmax of 3,78±3,32, IPSS of 27,4±5,65, BOOI of 93,7±30,9 and BCI of 128±25,3. OP presented Qmax of 3,78±3,32, IPSS of 30±4,95, BOOI of 116±53,8 and BCI of 147±50,4. After 6 months, both groups presented significant improvement in Qmax compared to their respective baseline (8,3±4,17 for PAE group vs 15,1±8,04 for OP group), nonetheless the effectiveness was greater in OP arm, with a statistical difference reaching 7.8 ml/second. The decrease from baseline to month 6 in PDetQmax was lower in PAE than in OP group, despite Qmax improvement (-5,17 vs -79,92 cm H2O). Similar findings were observed in BOOI (PAE – 9,03 vs OP -95 cm H2O, p<0,001). It was observed a large reduction in IPSS (more than 15 points) in both groups, with no difference between them. CONCLUSIONS: Both procedures resulted in significant clinical improvements in the treatment of BPH. However, PAE is inferior compared to OP, assessing urodynamic parameters. Source of Funding: No © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e1062 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Bruno Lebani More articles by this author André Silva More articles by this author Eduardo Silveira More articles by this author Milton Skaff More articles by this author Fernando Almeida More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

PD02-11 THE EXTENT OF CHRONIC PROSTATIC INFLAMMATION WAS NEGATIVELY AND POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE DURATION OF ALPHA-1 BLOCKERS AND 5 ALPHA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS BEFORE SURGICAL TREATMENT

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023PD02-11 THE EXTENT OF CHRONIC PROSTATIC INFLAMMATION WAS NEGATIVELY AND POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE DURATION OF ALPHA-1 BLOCKERS AND 5 ALPHA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS BEFORE SURGICAL TREATMENT So Inamura, Tomochika Shinagawa, Hisato Kobayashi, Manami Tsutsumiuchi, Masaya Seki, Minekatsu Taga, Masato Fukushima, Osamu Yokoyama, and Naoki Terada So InamuraSo Inamura More articles by this author , Tomochika ShinagawaTomochika Shinagawa More articles by this author , Hisato KobayashiHisato Kobayashi More articles by this author , Manami TsutsumiuchiManami Tsutsumiuchi More articles by this author , Masaya SekiMasaya Seki More articles by this author , Minekatsu TagaMinekatsu Taga More articles by this author , Masato FukushimaMasato Fukushima More articles by this author , Osamu YokoyamaOsamu Yokoyama More articles by this author , and Naoki TeradaNaoki Terada More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003219.11AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Alpha 1 blockers (ABs) and 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) have been used for the medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and the patients resistant to these therapies receive surgical treatment. We previously reported that the extent of chronic prostatic inflammation was positively correlated with the obstruction of BPH patients in pressure flow study (Inamura et al. Prostate 2018). This study investigated the correlation of the duration of ABs and 5ARIs with the extent of chronic inflammation by evaluating the expression levels of high endothelial venule (HEV) in prostate tissue. METHODS: Tissue samples were obtained from BPH patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or holmium enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). All the patients received pressure flow study before the surgery. HEV is associated with the migration of lymphocytes and is used as a marker of chronic inflammation. The magnitude of prostatic inflammation was quantified histologically by the ratio of HEV and endothelial cells using the immunohistochemistry of MECA-79 and CD34. The type and duration of medical treatment before surgery were examined on medical records. The correlation of MECA-79/CD34 ratio with the duration of ABs and 5ARIs was evaluated. RESULTS: In 148 patients, 143 patients (97%) received ABs and 33 patients (22%) received 5ARIs adding to ABs. The median duration ABs was 14 months, and the median duration of 5ARIs was 7 months. The duration of ABs was significantly negatively correlated with Bladder Outlet Obstruction Index (BOOI) in pressure flow study (correlation coefficient=-0.270 p=0.029). The duration of ABs was significantly negatively correlated with MECA-7/CD34 ratio (correlation coefficient=-0.194, p=0.030). However, the duration of 5ARIs was positively correlated with MECA-7/CD34 ratio (correlation coefficient=0.501, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that the patients who received longer treatment by ABs before surgery had lower level of obstruction and lower extent of chronic prostatic inflammation. However, the patients who received longer treatment of 5ARIs had higher extent of chronic prostatic inflammation. The long-term therapy by 5ARIs might have potential to enhance chronic inflammation in prostate tissue. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e72 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information So Inamura More articles by this author Tomochika Shinagawa More articles by this author Hisato Kobayashi More articles by this author Manami Tsutsumiuchi More articles by this author Masaya Seki More articles by this author Minekatsu Taga More articles by this author Masato Fukushima More articles by this author Osamu Yokoyama More articles by this author Naoki Terada More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

PD33-11 IMPACT OF PERSISTENT BLADDER OUTLET OBSTRUCTION ON BLADDER FUNCTION IN MALE BPH PATIENTS

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023PD33-11 IMPACT OF PERSISTENT BLADDER OUTLET OBSTRUCTION ON BLADDER FUNCTION IN MALE BPH PATIENTS Minsoo Choo, Junghoon Lee, Sangjun Yoo, Min Chul Cho, Hwancheol Son, and Hyeon Jeong Minsoo ChooMinsoo Choo More articles by this author , Junghoon LeeJunghoon Lee More articles by this author , Sangjun YooSangjun Yoo More articles by this author , Min Chul ChoMin Chul Cho More articles by this author , Hwancheol SonHwancheol Son More articles by this author , and Hyeon JeongHyeon Jeong More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003326.11AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is a common problem among elderly men. It is known that persistent BOO can affect bladder function. We aimed to evaluate the long-term impact of persistent BOO on bladder function using urodynamic profiles. METHODS: We analyzed the prospectively collected urodynamic database of Seoul National University Hospital about 19000 cases over 20 years. We included male patients aged 40 years or older with non-neurogenic LUTS/BPH who have repeated urodynamic studies 2 or more times and had persisted BOO in both studies. BOO defined as BOO index (PdetQmax – 2Qmax) >40. First and repeat UDS profiles were compared, including post-void residual, bladder sensation, bladder compliance, bladder capacity, involuntary detrusor contraction, bladder contractility index (PdetQmax+5Qmax), and voiding efficiency (post-void residual/(voided volume+post-void residual)). The student’s t-test and Chi-square test were used as appropriate. RESULTS: A total of 37 patients were included in our analysis. The mean age at repeat UDS was 69. The mean time interval between the two studies was 61 months. UDS profiles tended to deteriorate over time. Mean bladder compliance decreased from (64.53ml/cmH2O) to (41.92ml/cmH2O) (p<0.01). The mean volume to induce normal desire to void decreased from (247.78ml) to (185.23ml) (p=0.01). Mean bladder capacity decreased from (359.84ml) to (283.75ml) (p=0.01). The mean bladder contractility index decreased from (108.36) to (99.08), though not reaching statistical significance (p=0.13). Rate of involuntary detrusor contraction increased from (24.32%) to (69.44%) (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that persistent BOO induced functional-urodynamic deteriorations in the bladder function, such as reduced capacity, decreased compliance, and induced detrusor overactivity. In patients with LUTS/BPH with confirmed BOO, more active treatment should be considered. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e918 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Minsoo Choo More articles by this author Junghoon Lee More articles by this author Sangjun Yoo More articles by this author Min Chul Cho More articles by this author Hwancheol Son More articles by this author Hyeon Jeong More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

The role of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) in patients with underactive bladder: 12 months follow‐up in different grades of detrusor contractility

Male detrusor underactivity (DUA) definition remains controversial and no effective treatment is consolidated. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is one of the cornerstones surgical treatments recommended in bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). However, the role of prostatic surgery in male DUA is not clear. The primary endpoint was the clinical and voiding improvement based on IPSS and the maximum flow rate in uroflowmetry (Qmax) within 12 months. We analyzed an ongoing prospective database that embraces benign prostata hyperplasia (BPH) male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms who have undergone to TURP. All patients were evaluated pre and postoperatively based on IPSS questionnaires, prostate volume measured by ultrasound, postvoid residual urine volume (PVR), Prostate Specific Antigen measurement and urodynamic study (UDS) before the procedure. After surgery, all patients were evaluated at 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-months. Patients were categorized in 3 groups: Group 1-Detrusor Underactive (Bladder Contractility Index (BCI) [BCI] < 100 and BOO index [BOOI] < 40); Group 2-Detrusor Underactive and BOO (BCI < 100 and BOOI ≥ 40); Group 3-BOO (BCI ≥ 100 and BOOI ≥ 0). It was included 158 patients underwent monopolar or bipolar TURP since November 2015 to March 2021. According to UDS, patients were categorized in: group 1 (n = 39 patients); group 2 (n = 41 patients); group 3 (n = 77 patients). Preoperative IPSS was similar between groups (group 1-24.9 ± 6.33; group 2-24.8 ± 7.33; group 3-24.5 ± 6.23). Qmax was statistically lower in the group 2 (group 1-5.43 ± 3.69; group 2-3.91 ± 2.08; group 3-6.3 ± 3.18) as well as greater PVR. The 3 groups presented similar outcomes regard to IPSS score during the follow-up. There was a significant increase in Qmax in the 3 groups. However, group 1 presented the lowest Qmax improvement. There were different objective outcomes depending on the degree of DUA at 12 months follow-up. Patients with DUA had similar IPSS improvement. However, DUA patients had worst Qmax improvement than men with normal bladder contraction.

Adiponectin can be a good predictor of urodynamic detrusor underactivity: a prospective study in men with lower urinary tract symptoms.

To investigate whether circulating adiponectin, which is considered a possible marker of anti-atherogenic effects, is a useful predictor of bladder function, especially detrusor underactivity (DU), in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). A total of 130 treatment-naïve men with non-neurogenic LUTS were prospectively stratified into two groups (the DU and non-DU groups) based on the presence or absence of DU, where DU is defined as a bladder contractility index < 100 and bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI) < 40. The impact of serum adiponectin levels on urodynamic function, including DU, was assessed using univariate, binomial logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. In total, data from 118 men were analyzed; 39 (33.0%) had DU (DU group) and 79 (67.0%) did not have DU (non-DU group). The median serum adiponectin in the DU group was significantly lower than in the non-DU group (6.2 vs 12.6µg/mL, p < 0.001). In the binomial logistic regression analysis, lower adiponectin, smaller intravesical prostatic protrusion, and lower bladder voiding efficiency were significant factors related to DU. In the ROC analyses, serum adiponectin had the highest area under the curve value for DU diagnosis (0.849). Additionally, a cutoff value of 7.9µg/mL for serum adiponectin level was identified for DU, which yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 90%, respectively. The serum adiponectin level was significantly associated with bladder function and may be a useful marker for predicting DU in men with LUTS.