Blackening Of Skin Research Articles

Rehabilitation of post Covid mucormycosis maxillectomy defect with hollow obturator: A case series

India saw a devastating second wave of Coronavirus and along with the fatal nature of the disease the healthcare professionals saw a huge number of post Covid problems. One of these, is a fungal disease called mucormycosis which although an uncommon fungal infection can cause blackening of skin, redness, inflammation, sores and can encroach the eyes, lungs and even the brain. This warrants for extensive surgical resection and debridement of the necrosed areas resulting in maxillary and orbital defects. Intraoral defects in the maxilla cause communication with the nasopharyngeal complex. The surgically removed palate has a devastating effect on the appearance and speech of the patient. Obturator allows patients to eat and drink without letting the food to enter the oroantral cavities/ pharynx during mastication. This case series focusses on prosthetic rehabilitation of two patients with Hollow obturator post hemimaxillectomy in order to restore form and function.

Mucormycosis in COVID 19 patients: A review


 not only worried about this fatal communicable virus but also other difficulties that are being declared by the patients.One such deadly problem being reported in patients in India in current times, who have produced positive result for COVID-19 and are slowly regaining health, is a fungal disease called mucormycotic or black fungus. With many such cases being announced incities and states like Mumbai Bengaluru, Delhi, and Gujarat it has provoked an extra wave of fear among the general population.Mucormycosis, previouslycalledaszygomycosis, is an uncommon fungal infection. It is caused by the mould related to mucorales, that is found mainly in decayed wood organic matters soil and leaves. They can cause blackening of skin, redness, inflammation,sores and can encroach the eyes, lungs and even the brain, substantiating to be dangerous if left without treatment. So, it is necessary to knowthe etiological factors and prominent symptoms associated withclinical implications of mucormycosismainly invasiveness and perforation into deeper part of the bone.That is why it is necessary to identify immediately any possible badsigns of mucormycosisarising in both, COVID-19 patients, and other individuals. The report must be communicated to the healthcare workerswithout delay so that treatment can be provided at a suitable time and the patient recovers completely.

Knowledge and practice regarding Kala-azar among community people of Dangihat, Morang

Out of 12 endemic districts of Nepal still 11 districts have been reported with Kala-azar, among which Morang is the one. It is useful to identify knowledge and practice of people regarding disease for its effective management. But there is dearth of the related study in our country. So this study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice regarding Kala-azar among community people of Dangihat, Morang. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among community people of Dangihat-4, Morang within age group 15-60 years. Interview of 91 respondents by using semi structured questionnaires schedule with purposive convenience sampling technique was done from 3rd Ashwin to 24th Ashwin, 2072. The study showed that only 18.7% had correct knowledge of sandfly while majority (63.7%) thought mosquito as the vector of disease. Regarding symptoms 94.5% and 73.6% mentioned fever and blackening of skin respectively. Two third of the respondents thought cattle shed as the habitat of sandfly and 67% mentioned its biting time to be dusk/ dawn. Most (89%) of the respondents used bed nets and 44% used insecticide for prevention of Kala-azar. There was significant association between knowledge with previous history and source of information of disease and practice with educational level. Most (52.7%) of the respondents had inadequate knowledge while 78% had average practice regarding Kala-azar. The study population had inadequate knowledge and average practice of disease so further awareness programme may be needed in the village.

Predictors of mortality in patients of poisonous snake bite: Experience from a tertiary care hospital in Central India.

Background and Aims:This study was undertaken, to assess the clinical parameters in patients of poisonous snakebite, complications which occurred in them, their outcome and to evaluate various clinical predictors of mortalityMaterials and Methods:Four hundred and thirty-two patients of snake bite were admitted, of which 172 did not show any signs of envenomation and excluded. Two hundred and sixty patients had signs of local or systemic envenomation and included. Complete clinical examination, blood counts, kidney function tests, serum electrolytes, coagulation profile was done in all patients. All received tetanus toxoid and anti-snake venom (ASV). Appropriate supportive treatment was given. Clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between patients who were discharged (Group A) and those who expired (Group B). All data analysis was performed by using stata software version 10 [StataCorp LP, Texas, USA] and SPSS version 11 [SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA].Results:Out of 260 patients, 58 died and 202 survived. Mean age was 34.97 ± 14.07 years. One hundred and eighty-six (71.5%) patients were from rural areas and 74 (28.5%) from urban. 63.4% of bites occurred during rainy season. One hundred and ninety-seven (75.8%) had bite on lower limb and 62 (23.8%) on upper limbs. All 260 patients (100%) had pain at site of bite, local swelling in 252 (96.9%) and blackening of skin, blebs in 18 (6.9%). Seventy-seven (29.6%) had bleeding tendencies. Ptosis was present in all the 65 patients with signs of neuroparalysis. Eighty (30.8%) patients had acute renal failure. The mean duration of stay in survivors was 7.50 + 4.13 days and in non-survivors it was 3.45 + 3.02 days. Out of 58 who died 18 (31%) patients, succumbed within 24 hrs. On multivariate analysis, significant predictors o mortality were bleeding tendency (P = 0.013), mean PTTK (sec) (P = 0.047), respiratory failure (P = 0.045), shock (P = 0.013), mean ASV dose (cc) (P < 0.001).Conclusions:Mortality in patients with snake bite can be predicted by simple variables like presence of bleeding tendencies, respiratory failure, and shock. These parameters can help the doctors at peripheral health centers to predict outcome, so that such high risk cases can be referred to higher centers for expertise management without wasting time.

Use of Liposomal Amphotericin B in Kala-Azar

We report a case of 23-year old male from Tangail who developed intermittent fever and blackening of skin 7 months back. He was locally diagnosed as a case of kala-azar and was treated with Cap Miltefosine 50 mg 12 hourly for 28 days. But within 4 months after completing the treatment he again developed the symptoms. Referred from the local hospital he presented to us with fever, weight loss and discoloration of skin. He was anemic and had splenomegaly. Laboratory investigations showed pancytopenia, elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). Leishman-Donovan body was found inbone marrow biopsy. In our hospital he was treated with injection Liposomal Amphotericin B 15 mg/kg in 6 divided doses. His anemia was corrected, spleen size became normal and bone marrow aspiration showed no Leishman-Donovan body on discharge and he remained symptoms free in the outpatient department.

DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF VIRULENT YERSINIA RUCKERI: THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF ENTERIC REDMOUTH DISEASE IN RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) CULTURED IN FARS PROVINCE, IRAN

Summary From the winter 2002 to spring 2006, 126 moribund rainbow trout with clinical signs of external body haemorrhages around and within the oral cavity were sampled from 10 rainbow trout farms situated in the northwest and west of Fars province, Iran and examined for the detection and identification of Yersinia ruckeri, the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease. Fish kidneys were cultured aseptically on brain heart infusion (BHI) agar plates and incubated at 25oC for 48 h. Using conventional biochemical tests, Y. ruckeri was detected in 7 fish (5.5% of total fish sampled). This was also confirmed using specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The 16S rDNA PCR assays produced amplicons of 409 bp when applied to Y. ruckeri isolates as well as a reference strain. Results of antibiogram tests on Y. ruckeri isolates showed a high susceptibility to enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, trimethoprim and oxytetracycline. In pathogenicity tests, dilution of 4 × 10 8 colony forming unit/ml of Y. ruckeri by immersion route in challenge experiments showed 70 ± 8.2% mortality during 14 days post-infection. Experimentally infected fish showed typical haemorrhages in mouth, blackening of skin, exophthalmia and a wide haemorrhages on the internal organs.

Damage Patterns caused by Lygocoris spinolae (Hemiptera: Miridae) on ‘Campbell Early’ Grapes

The phenology and damage patterns of Lygocoris spinolae (Meyer-Dür) on ‘Campbell Early’ grape were examined in different grape development stage of inflorescence formation, blooming, and berry set. Nymphs fed on newly unfolding leaves of shoot tip before inflorescence formation. As the inflorescences were clearly visible, nymphs on leaves moved to flower clusters. Sting spots with brown color occurred at sucking sites of leaves, then expanded to hole as the leaves developed, and resulted in leaf malformation. The nymphs on flower clusters sucked developing florets, which induced the drying of florets followed by defoliation. After flower caps had fallen, L. spinolae fed on young berries causing blackening of berry skin around the sting. The blackening of berry skin changed to corky-scarred tissue as the berry developed. L. spinolae feeding significantly reduced the number of berries per cluster in all grape stages. A few berries became corky-scarred or shot berries when fed at inflorescence formation period. Feeding at blooming caused shot berries with low rate of corky-scarred berry. Most of the berries were corky-scarred or became shot berries when fed at berry set. Feeding by adults caused the same damage patterns as nymphs. Heavy damages were observed where L. spinolae were introduced after inflorescence formation: reduced number of berries per cluster by 35.0 to 99.1% at blooming and by 80.0% at berry setting depending on L. spinolae densities.

Effect of temperature on ripening and post-harvest life of fruit of atemoya ( Annona cherimola Mill. × A. squamosa L.) cv. ‘African Pride’

Fruit ripened most quickly and with good flavour at 28°C, while ripening was slower and the quality impaired at 32°C. Fruit stored at 4°C and high humidity developed symptoms of chilling injury (blackening of skin and browning of flesh) after 2 days, although even after 5 days at 4°C fruit ripened at 20°C with very good flavour. Fruit withstood 5 days at 8°C without detectable deterioration in appearance or flavour, but the total post-harvest life (TPHL) of 9 days was hardly better than that at 12°C (8.5 days). At 12°C, fruit deteriorated in appearance after 6 days, although the flavour remained very good up to 10 days storage. The maximum TPHL achieved without significant damage to fruit was 9.4 days with 6 days at 12°C or 9.1 days with 5 days at 8°C. This compares with a ripening time of 4.8 days at 20°C.

Discoloration and Corrosion of Gold‐filled and the Blackening of the Skin

Discoloration and Corrosion of Gold‐filled and the Blackening of the Skin

Discoloration of Gold and Silver and Blackening of the Skin

Discoloration of Gold and Silver and Blackening of the Skin