Black Noise Research Articles

Nucleus Cell Segmentation on Pap Smear Image Using Bradley Modification Algorithm

Early detection of cervical cancer can help patients obtain the best treatment through various means. In general, computer-aided diagnosis has a high impact on the accuracy, reliability, and convenience of cervical cancer. However, several limitations have been faced through the design process in detecting or classifying the cells, such as variation of image features and low-image resolution. Moreover, shape indifference is one of the limitations in terms of image processing scope. The metrics used to measure the size and shape of the cells have not been developed to distinguish the differences between the shape of the objects. This paper focused on the detection and segmentation of the nucleus cell region in Pap smear images based on Bradley local thresholding. The proposed method evolved several steps, such as color adjustment, k-means, and a Bradley modification algorithm. Based on image quality assessment (IQA), the numerical evaluation results indicate that the proposed approach has segmented a full area of the nucleus cell region significantly and efficiently compared to the original Bradley algorithm. We obtained F-measure (98.62%), sensitivity (99.13%), and accuracy (97.96%). It has also been proven that the proposed method can effectively address the issue of low contrast and black noise. Hence, the proposed method differs from the previous research in terms of color disproportion adjustment and the modification of Bradleys algorithm for Pap smear image convenience.

Self-Adaptive-Filling Deep Convolutional Neural Network Classification Method for Mountain Vegetation Type Based on High Spatial Resolution Aerial Images

The composition and structure of mountain vegetation are complex and changeable, and thus urgently require the integration of Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs). However, while integration technology studies are continuing to increase, there have been few studies that have carried out the classification of mountain vegetation by combining OBIA and DCNNs, for it is difficult to obtain enough samples to trigger the potential of DCNNs for mountain vegetation type classification, especially using high-spatial-resolution remote sensing images. To address this issue, we propose a self-adaptive-filling method (SAF) to incorporate the OBIA method to improve the performance of DCNNs in mountain vegetation type classification using high-spatial-resolution aerial images. Using this method, SAF technology was employed to produce enough regular sample data for DCNNs by filling the irregular objects created by image segmenting using interior adaptive pixel blocks. Meanwhile, non-sample segmented image objects were shaped into different regular rectangular blocks via SAF. Then, the classification result was defined by voting combining the DCNN performance. Compared to traditional OBIA methods, SAF generates more samples for the DCNN and fully utilizes every single pixel of the DCNN input. We design experiments to compare them with traditional OBIA and semantic segmentation methods, such as U-net, MACU-net, and SegNeXt. The results show that our SAF-DCNN outperforms traditional OBIA in terms of accuracy and it is similar to the accuracy of the best performing method in semantic segmentation. However, it reduces the common pretzel phenomenon of semantic segmentation (black and white noise generated in classification). Overall, the SAF-based OBIA using DCNNs, which is proposed in this paper, is superior to other commonly used methods for vegetation classification in mountainous areas.

Preliminary study of Acoustic Black Holes implemented in CT/MRI housings including validation experiments

An increasing number of interventional use of computer tomograph (CT) scanners and magnetic resonance tomographs (MRI) leads to the need for particularly quiet medical imaging in order to minimize the stress level for patients as well as medical staff. Due to the many different imaging sequences, noise reduction measures have to consider a wide range of different frequencies. Especially the use of Acoustic Black Holes (ABHs) seems to be a promising strategy to reduce vibration-induced noise. The objective of this study is to extend conventional measures for minimizing structural vibrations, usually realized by applying composite stiffeners, by adding ABHs directly into these stiffening components. This allows vibration maxima to be minimised efficiently. In the first step, the vibroacoustic properties of composite materials are investigated numerically and the created simulation model is validated by experiments. Based on these results, the influence of stiffeners on the structural behaviour is investigated and an optimised design for minimum surface velocities is found. To further reduce surface velocities in the frequency range where the human ear is particularly sensitive, ABHs are tested. In this context it is investigated whether ABHs can be advantageously combined with conventional stiffeners. Keywords: Medical devices, Acoustic black holes, Noise and vibration

Modeling and Quantitative-Qualitative Analysis of Two-Dimensional Generators of Chaotic Signals Based on Modular Arithmetic

In this article, by the combined application of the programs E&F Chaos, Past, Fractan, Eviews Student Version Lite, mathematical, numerical and computer modeling of some of the well-known two-dimensional generators of chaotic signals based on modular arithmetic presented in [4] was carried out, and the properties of the obtained chaotic signals were evaluated using nonlinear dynamics methods (time and spectral diagrams, BDS-statistics, Hurst exponent). As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the time and spectral diagrams obtained for the studied two-dimensional generators of chaotic signal based on modular arithmetic have a complex noise-like appearance similar to white noise. The resulting range of BDS-statistics values corresponds to white noise at a certain interval, and persistent processes (black noise) at a certain interval. The resulting range of values of the Hurst exponent is also close to white noise. The results obtained show that two-dimensional generators of chaotic signals based on modular arithmetic can relate to white noise and have more pronounced chaotic properties than classical generators of chaotic signals, on the basis of which they are created. The results obtained complement and expand the knowledge about two-dimensional generators of chaotic signals based on modular arithmetic and open up broad prospects for their use in various practical applications.

Simulation example of a black noise

B. Tsirelson and A. M. Vershik (1998) introduced the notion of a mathematical noise, which possesses completely opposite properties to those of a white noise. Afterward, B. Tsirelson (2004) called this noise: `black noise.' In this paper, we provide a method to simulate black noise using a modified Bayesian convolutional neural network. Then we study the behavior of black noise both numerically and visually.

Impact of traffic-related air pollution on the blood pressure response to exercise in individuals with hypertension

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and B.C. Sports & Exercise Medicine Research Foundation. Background The epidemiologic evidence suggests that the health benefits of exercise in healthy adults outweigh the adverse effects of air pollution in all but the most extreme concentrations. However, no studies have examined the acute response to exercise in air pollution in individuals with hypertension, a subgroup particularly susceptible to the cardiovascular effects of air population. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of traffic-related air pollution on the acute cardiovascular response to exercise in patients with hypertension. We hypothesized that exposure to higher levels of traffic-related air pollution during exercise would attenuate, but not eliminate, acute post-exercise reductions in blood pressure and arterial stiffness. Methods Fourteen patients with hypertension (62.4±6.8 years; 81% male) completed a real-world, randomized, crossover study. Two 30-minute exercise bouts at 40-59% heart rate reserve were performed: once along a commercial street (high traffic) and once in an urban plaza (low traffic). Blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness (i.e., carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity [cfPWV]) were examined prior to, 30 minutes after, and 2 hours following exercise. 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring was immediately completed following each visit. Black carbon, noise, relative humidity, and temperature were measured during each exercise bout (Figure 1). Results No differences were found for baseline cardiovascular measures between high and low traffic visits. At 30 minutes and 2 hours post-exercise, systolic BP was significantly reduced relative to baseline in the low-traffic condition only; diastolic BP was not significantly reduced at any timepoint. Based on linear mixed-effects analyses, exercising at the low traffic site was associated, relative to the high traffic site, with a significant (p = 0.04) reduction in systolic BP (-4.30 mm Hg [95% CI -8.09 to -0.54]) up to 2 hours following exercise after adjusting for exercise intensity, temperature, and noise; no differences were found for diastolic BP (-1.56 mm Hg [95% CI -4.87 to 1.83], p = 0.39). Each interquartile increase in black carbon (1168 ng/m³) was significantly associated with a 2.33 mm Hg (95% CI 0.37 to 4.17) increase in systolic BP up to 2 hours following exercise. No associations were observed between traffic site and BP for any ambulatory periods (i.e., 24-hour average, daytime, nighttime, or evening). The acute cfPWV response to exercise was also similar between traffic sites (p > 0.05). Conclusion Our findings suggest that exposure to traffic-related air pollution during exercise may adversely impact the beneficial short-term BP response to exercise in patients with hypertension. While the long-term implications of these changes to the acute BP response to exercise must be further explored, patients with hypertension can employ the prudent strategy of maximizing their distance from major roadways when exercising.

Black Noise from the Break: Ma and Pa’s Black Radical Lyricism

Kendrick Lamar’s 2022 track “We Cry Together” is, if nothing else, a masterful piece of wordplay and rhythm. Lamar manages to create a lyrical conversation that sounds both dialectical and diametric. Both the song and album are a definitive break from his earlier tenor that struck a mass appeal. A private conversation between two people, “We Cry Together”, insofar as it captures the intimate interiority of a couple, is also a break within the album itself. Textual renderings of Black performances cut away in ways similar to Lamar’s song or the soloist in a jazz ensemble, their breaks signifying sound. Invoking as aural praxis the language of jazz musicology and Black lyrical theory of Fred Moten, this article closely reads chapter four in George Lamming’s In the Castle of My Skin as one such special representation of textual aurality. First, it identifies multiple manifestations of “the break” before probing the deeply conflicted concept of Black noise as the racialized, resistant, resilient, and resonant octave of radical Black performance. A lyrical improvisation of a Black noise defiant in its indeterminacy, Ma and Pa’s duet cuts away from Castle’s polyphonic ensemble, creating the break within a break, within a break. Lingering in the cut, listening as Fred Moten, Douglas Kearney, Ren Ellis Neyra, and Zadie Smith encourage, the article arrives at a euphonic reproduction as induction into a legacy of synesthetic, lyrical, radical Black noise.

Chords baited over covert bridges: jamming alive a collaborative multiverse

ABSTRACT Jamming is one of those Janus-faced words that is its own contronym. Just as cleaving can refer to splitting things apart or uniting them together, to jam in jazz is to perform improvisational pieces with a whole band; but it also means to wedge shut, breakdown and, in the case of radio jamming, refers to a mode of saturating the airwaves with white noise or false information. In this two-part article, a British Australian poet and Indian American writer present a collaborative jam session which takes up all of these meanings through a work of linked verse that explores creative (dis)location, silence, white and black noise, and the impinging of multiple cultures on one's aesthetic imagination and physical identity in the world. Informing their individual and linked practices through the execution of this work is a reflection on the mode, process and tradition of collaborative poetic works. It argues the worth of a collaborative yet distanced practice, which may mirror the dislocation of spoken dialogue, but also magnifies the trust each participant places in each other, a trust intensified by the conceptual and linguistic risks taken.

ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN PLANNING ASPECTS OF THE MANDALA

Problem statement. In the history of urban planning over the past 150−200 years, the historical continuity of the uniquely deep architectural and urban planning knowledge developed by generations of architects of the planet has disappeared. As a result, buildings and structures began to be created as formal-pragmatic objects opposing the objective laws of astroplanetary exchange connections, the spatio-temporal matrix of functioning has always been the basis for the construction of various objects in culture all peoples and civilizations of the past without exception. The energy-informational surface of the continents was destroyed. Under the cities, the so-called “black noise” arose − a harbinger of planetary and regional natural disasters that appear in places of power lines destruction of exchange links between the planet Earth and the Great Cosmic Grid − a kind of Universe frame. The networks of the 20th century cities cut off these lines and disconnected our planet from the Universe. How this may end further is not difficult to guess. However, the planet Earth itself began to enter a new region of galactic space, the failure to take into account the properties of which are just as dangerous as the destruction of the reticulate links between the Earth and the Cosmos. As a result, in fact, the World of earthlings is now on the verge of such physical and energy changes in the environment, which, with their further development, will lead to the transformation of continents, peoples, states, economies, and the population of earthlings. All this requires an immediate search for a way out of a series of impending dangers. As you know, everything new is a well-forgotten old. It is necessary to remember the ancient teachings about architecture and urban planning, and adapt them in relation to modern conditions, which, moreover, continue to change. Among the legacy of past eras that need to be revived and rethought is the doctrine of Mandalas − unique multidimensional structures that were once used to create buildings and populated areas. The purpose of the article is to reveal the architectural and urban planning aspects of mandalas and show how they can be used in modern conditions.

Influencing mechanism of fiber deformation on mesh pattern noise in inverting-image fiber-optic arrays

Inverting-image fiber-optic array (IIFOA) is an important optical element for transferring the inverted images at 180° with high resolution and contrast. Mesh pattern noise (MPN) generated at the boundary of the multi-multi fibers in IIFOA significantly deteriorates the imaging quality and detection accuracy. The unexpected deformation of the optical fibers at the boundary of multi-fiber is one of the main factors causing MPN. In this study, the brightness distribution of the optical fibers and the corresponding microstructure were characterized by high-resolution Lambert-light microscopy and scanning probe microscopy with laser scanning, respectively. The relative transmittance of the individual optical fibers located in the MPN zone was normalized and calculated, and the cross-sectional deformation coefficient (De) of optical fiber in the twisted zone was proposed. Furthermore, the relationship among De, the relative transmittance of optical fibers, and MPN of IIFOA was established. The results show that the relative transmittance of optical fibers indicates an initial decrease and a subsequent increase with the decrease of De in the MPN generated zone. When De of the optical fibers is within the range of [0.3497, 0.9225], the relative transmittance is no more than 96.74%. The aggregation and distribution of these optical fibers at the adjacent side of the multi-multi fiber boundary causes black mesh pattern noise. When De of the optical fibers is less than 0.3228, the relative transmittance is consistently higher than 3.26% of the non-deformed fibers owing to the enhanced crosstalk of the adjacent optical fibers and even the new imaging unit formed by bonding some core fibers. The aggregation and distribution of such optical fibers at the boundary causes white mesh pattern noise. When De is between 0.3228 and 0.3497, there is no MPN, but the resolution is significantly reduced. The research results provide data support and theoretical guidance for controlling defects such as MPN and transmittance inhomogeneity in IIFOA, thus enabling the improvement of the image quality of IIFOA.

Review: Rap and Politics: A Case Study of Panther, Gangsta and Hyphy Discourses in Oakland, CA (1965–2010), by Lavar Pope

Review: <i>Rap and Politics: A Case Study of Panther, Gangsta and Hyphy Discourses in Oakland, CA (1965–2010)</i>, by Lavar Pope

Reparative Public Musicology: Empowering and Centering Community Knowledge Production through Counter-Storytelling Practice

Reparative Public Musicology: Empowering and Centering Community Knowledge Production through Counter-Storytelling Practice

“It Was Like Listening to Someone Laughing Their Way Toward Death”: Black Noise, Vocal Experiments, and Sonic Silence in Chester Himes’s The Heat’s On

Abstract The article draws together sound studies and Black studies to examine Himes’s sonic inventions and interventions for imagining the persistence of Black life under conditions of extreme domination. Taking up Sharpe’s call for recognizing “insistent Black visualsonic resistance to that imposition of non/being,” it finds that Himes’s soundscapes in The Heat’s On offer alternatives to how western sound studies theoreticians think about the relationship between sound, white supremacy, and the environment (21). The article contributes to research on the sonic modalities of resistance and domination as well as ongoing discussions about the importance of listening, specifically, the ways in which listening fosters alternative forms of relationality and spatiality. As far as the sonic subversions and experiments of Harlemites, “Black noise” emerges as something that bypasses attempts at capture, including dominant cultural norms, strategies of silencing, and raciolinguistic attitudes toward vernacular forms of Black English. Finally, the article emphasizes the link between what it terms sonic silence, embodied practices of listening and breathing where keeping breath in the Black body can be seen as a prerequisite to interconnected forms of consciousness and being.

Research on Signal to Noise Ratio Characteristic Influence About Temperature Noise to Infrared Compound Eye Lens Array Imaging

In order to study the effect of temperature noise on the performance of infrared compound eye lens array imaging system, and based on black body infrared radiation and infrared temperature measurement theory, this paper studied the effects of black body radiation temperature and ambient temperature changing on the imaging performance about signal to noise ratio (SNR) and definition of infrared compound eye lens imaging system. Theoretical mathematical model about influence of temperature noise on infrared compound eye imaging system was built. After finishing numerical simulation analysis and experimental test verification, not only the correctness of the model was proved, but also the conclusion was obtained that the clearer the image of the target presented by the compound eye lens array system, that was, the greater the value of SNR was, under the condition of the lower the ambient temperature noise was relative to the black body radiation temperature noise. Meanwhile, the phenomenon that limited SNR of the imaging capability of infrared compound eye lens array imaging system was about 26.4 db was found in the experiment. A theoretical basis for further research was provided, which was the control method of how to reduce the influence of temperature noise on infrared compound eye lens imaging system and to improve SNR of the system.

Evaluation of quality of non-mydriatic fundus images obtained with non-contact TrueColor, confocal scanner during third phase of nationwide lockdown

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the non-mydriatic fundus image quality obtained with a confocal fundus device. Also, to evaluate the influence of non-mydriatic pupil size on image quality. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of a high-volume tertiary eye care centre in South India during the third phase of the COVID-19 lockdown. Subjects and Methods: 831 consenting, consecutive patients (1539 eyes) were photographed from May 5 to May 17, 2020, and were graded excellent, fair, adequate, or inadequate; based on white noise, black noise, and image acquisition signals. Pupil diameters were obtained with light-emitting diode flash technology. Statistical Analysis: The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies and percentages were calculated. Simple (univariate) linear regression analysis and adjusted regression analysis were used to establish the relationship between pupil size and fundus photo quality. Results: The quality of the fundus photo was excellent in 70.12% (n = 1079), fair in 15.72% (n = 242), adequate in 5.78% (n = 89), and inadequate in 8.38% (n = 129). Of the 1410 obtained images (subtracting the inadequate quality images), 87.66% (n = 1236) were normal and 12.34% (n = 174) were pathological. There was a positive linear relationship between pupil size and quality of retinal photograph; OS (R2 = 0.935) had a slightly better association than OD (R2 = 0.901). Conclusions: The majority of the confocal images were excellent in quality. Our four-point grading system serves as a reliable measure of non-mydriatic photograph quality. Pupil size is a significant predictor of image quality for non-mydriatic photographs in surveillance programs.

Introduction

Introduction

Voicing sentiments of resilience: A corpus approach to 1980s conscious rappers in South Africa

The study of people’s response to adversity acquires substantially different connotations in the South African context because of the heavy legacy of apartheid. This article explores the construction of the notion of resilience through the oral narrative production of the most prominent conscious rappers that emerged in the 1980s in South Africa, namely Prophets of Da City and Black Noise. By means of a corpus approach, our analysis with AntConc revealed that resilience is intrinsically connected to the historical sociopolitical struggle of the black group. In building this notion, results show how the parallel emergence of an oppressive other, the white group, plays a fundamental role. Relevant to our study, the affirmation of their black identity appears to act as an effective way of underpinning their possibility of resurgence. Furthermore, the objective analysis of rappers’ linguistic choices in their lyrics underlines their strategic use of personal pronouns, ethnic labels and other contextual-loaded terms whilst conveying their messages and communicating with their audience. These results both demonstrate the contribution of rap music in construction of a specific notion of resilience and highlight the effectiveness of this methodological approach, opening the floor to comparative studies.

Research on Image Feature Extraction of Pavement Crack Disease

The traditional highway disease detection technology and method are inefficient and can not meet the needs of modern detection. In this paper, the identification and extraction method of pavement crack disease characteristics is proposed. In the crack disease image, the grey image is transformed to highlight the crack information and background colour. Then, the effects of various image enhancement are compared, and a better algorithm template is selected to remove the black and white noise on the grey image, and the image with high accuracy is obtained. Finally, the image is segmented by stretching threshold, and the crack features are extracted by morphological closed operation. Based on ENVI+IDL development platform, an experimental system for pavement crack disease detection is developed. The experimental results show that the experimental system can effectively detect and extract pavement crack diseases and realize batch processing of multiple disease images.

Optimal parametric design of delayless subband active noise control system based on genetic algorithm optimization

Active noise control systems are generally application-specific, and an appropriate algorithm with an optimal configuration is desirable in the first stage of active noise control system design and deployment. This study presents a design of the subband active noise control system with optimal parameters for a practical broadband active noise control. Although the delayless subband active noise control has gained wide attention for broadband noise cancellation, an optimal design remains a challenge because of the complex interplay between multiple factors such as spectral leakage, delay and weight stacking distortion subject to a number of configurable parameters, and weight stacking method. The configurable parameters can hardly be optimized independently because the active noise control performance depends on the combined configuration. A simple near black box active noise control algorithm optimization model is thus established by incorporating the genetic algorithm optimization into the parametric design of the delayless subband algorithm. The automated process does not require an understanding of the performance characteristics for different parameters. The significance of applying the automated genetic algorithm optimization to the complex multiparameter nonlinear active noise control design is revealed by numerical simulations, particularly for the multichannel low-frequency broadband active noise control system configured with the delayless subband algorithms. This provides a way for the optimal parametric design of subband active noise control before being used in a practical complex scenario.

De-Noising of Corrupted Fluoroscopy Images Based on a New Multi-Line Algorithm

Fluoroscopic images are a field of medical images that depends on the quality of image for correct diagnosis; the main trouble is the de-nosing and how to keep the poise between degradation of noisy image, from one side, and edge and fine details preservation, from the other side, especially when fluoroscopic images contain black and white type noise with high density. The previous filters could usually handle low/medium black and white type noise densities, that expense edge, =fine details preservation and fail with high density of noise that corrupts the images. Therefore, this paper proposed a new Multi-Line algorithm that deals with high-corrupted image with high density of black and white type noise. The experiments achieved images with a high quality and effectively preserved edge and fine details against black and white type noise densities depending on Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Image Enhancement Factor (IEF) measures.