Black Bean Extract Research Articles

Unveiling the potential of germinated black bean extracts: Targeting topoisomerase IIα through in silico and in vitro approaches

This study investigates the potential of germinated black bean extracts (GBBE) to modulate the activity of topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα), a key enzyme involved in DNA replication and repair, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Germination significantly elevated the polyphenolic content of black beans, thereby enhancing their antioxidant properties. Molecular docking studies demonstrated a strong interaction between GBBE and the active site of topo IIα, suggesting a possible mechanism for its inhibitory action. In vitro experiments revealed a significant inhibitory effect of GBBE on topo IIα ATPase activity, which was further confirmed by the decatenation assay, with bean extracts germinated for three days showing the highest effect. The study underscores the significance of GBBE as a promising natural source of bioactive compounds with the capacity to inhibit topo IIα activity, offering a potential novel therapeutic strategy against TNBC. Warranting further investigation to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects.

Sequential Detection of Hg2+ and TNT Using a Nitrogen‐Doped Polymeric Carbon Dots On–Off–On Fluorescence Sensor

ABSTRACTThis work presents a fluorescence sensor based on nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (N‐CDs) utilized for sequential detection of Hg2+ and TNT. The N‐CDs were produced by a simple and efficient hydrothermal process involving the combination of black bean extract with citric acid (CA) and ethylenediamine (EDA). The resulting N‐CDs exhibit a steady blue fluorescence with a significant quantum yield of 12%. We conducted a thorough investigation into the mechanism by which the fluorescence of NCDs is reduced in the presence of Hg2+. Our analyses, which included Stern–Volmer quenching tests, confirmed the development of a stable complex between N‐CDs and Hg2+. When the NCDs‐Hg2+ complex was exposed to TNT, the fluorescence was selectively restored. This sequential “on–off–on” sensing capacity allows for efficient monitoring of both Hg2+ and TNT, demonstrating good sensitivity and selectivity. The sensor has a low detection limit (LOD) of 3.1 and 46 nM for Hg2+ ions and TNT in a linear range of 0–40 and 0–30 μM, respectively. This study emphasizes the potential application of N‐CDs for detecting heavy metals and explosives at the same time. It highlights their usefulness in sophisticated environmental sensing technologies that are suitable for important applications.

Determination of the Combination of Microencapsulation Materials in the Foam-Mat Process on Indonesian Local Black Bean Extract Using an Optimization Model

Determination of the Combination of Microencapsulation Materials in the Foam-Mat Process on Indonesian Local Black Bean Extract Using an Optimization Model

Optimization of microwave assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from black bean waste and evaluation of its antioxidant and antidiabetic potential in vitro

Legumes processing industries have led to an accumulation of waste as a byproduct which is often discarded. However, this study aimed to use a ‘green technology’ such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to valorize the wastage and assess the functional attributes of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) hull powder (BBHP). The Box- Behnken design was employed to optimize the response variables of MAE and the process variables were as follows: microwave power (100–600 W), extraction time (2–6 min), and solvent: solid ratio (20:1–50:1 mL/g). For comparative purposes, conventional solvent extraction (CSE) has been considered for extracting bioactive compounds. The black bean extract was obtained by MAE under optimum conditions of microwave power of 334.4 W, solvent: solid ratios of 50:1 mL/g, and an extraction time of 6 min showed the highest yield of bioactive components, with total anthocyanin and phenolic content of 34.14 mg/g and 197.23 mg (GAE)/g, and their antioxidant activities are 91.37 % ABTS and 93.51 % DPPH compared to CSE. Further, an optimized sample of BBHP extracts exhibited the inhibitory effects on the activities of α-amylase 80.41% and α-glucosidase 86.14% respectively. Overall results show that MAE is better than CSE for extraction of functional attributes from black bean waste.

Performance comparison of anthocyanin-based smart indicator films

Anthocyanins are natural dyes from plants that change color according to environmental changes, allowing for their potential use in real-time freshness-indicator films. In this study, black rice extract (BRE), black soya bean extract (BSBE), black wolfberry extract (BWE), purple sweet potato extract (PSPE), purple cabbage extract (PCE) and roselle extract (RE) were added to soybean isolate protein/chitosan (SPI/CS) films, and their performance was assessed. Results showed the total anthocyanin content of these six extracts were 1.50, 1.13, 1.98, 0.47, 0.33, 2.67 mg/mL, respectively. The presence of the six major anthocyanins was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Spectroscopy revealed that anthocyanin addition did not induce interactions between the extracts and SPI/CS film. Excess of anthocyanins weakened interactions between macromolecules, damaged membrane structure and reduced mechanical properties. Membrane water barrier properties improved with an increase in anthocyanin content, as well as antioxidant properties, but the difference between the indicator films was not significant. Finally, SPI/CS/RE exhibited a significant color change and the sensitivity was up to 50.6%, indicating the best application performance.

Analysis of volatile compounds of black bean, mung bean, and soybean extracts prepared with distillation under reduced pressure–continuous liquid–liquid extraction and hot water extraction

AbstractIn this study, volatile compounds of various beans (black bean, mung bean, and soybean) were analyzed on the basis of particle sizes and extraction temperatures by two extraction methods, namely, distillation under reduced pressure–continuous liquid–liquid extraction (DRP–LLE) and hot water extraction (HWE). The experimental results confirmed the presence of 10 volatile components. The five major volatile compounds were hexanal, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol and benzaldehyde. The highest total volatile compound concentrations in the extracts of black bean, mung bean, and soybean using DRP–LLE were obtained at 60 °C and 355–500 μm, 60 °C and 500–710 μm, and 50 °C and 355–500 μm, respectively. For the same particle size, the total volatile compound concentrations in the extracts of black bean, mung bean, and soybean obtained by HWE at 70 °C were 2–3 times significantly higher than those obtained at 90 °C. Moreover, the highest total volatile compound concentration was obtained in the black bean extract by HWE at 500–710 μm, while the lowest total volatile compound concentration in the soybean extract was obtained by HWE at 500–710 μm. The total concentrations of volatiles in the black bean and soybean extracts obtained by DRP–LLE were significantly higher than those obtained by HWE.

Anthocyanin-rich extract from black beans exerts anti-diabetic effects in rats through a multi-genomic mode of action in adipose tissue.

Black beans (BB) are an important source of a range of plant bioactive compounds including polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins. Several studies support that consumption of BB is associated with health benefits, including prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, molecular mechanisms underlying the potential health properties of BB on adipose tissue (AT) are still largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate multi-genomic effects of BB intake and identify regulatory networks potentially mediating T2DM on AT. Male Wistar diabetic rats consumed an anthocyanin-rich black bean extract for 5 weeks. Global gene expression from AT, protein coding and non-coding RNA profiles were determined using RNAseq. Biological function analyses were performed using a variety of bioinformatic tools. The evaluation of global gene expression profiles exhibited significant change following BB consumption with 406 significantly differentially expressed genes, 33 miRNA and 39 lncRNA and 3 snRNA. Functional analyses indicated that these genes play an important role in regulation of PI3K signaling, NIN/NF-kB signaling, insulin secretion, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) organization. Interestingly, transcription factors such as GATA2, or POU2AF1 demonstrated to modulate their activity by BB extract by direct interaction with polyphenol metabolites, or by interactions with cell signaling proteins, like PKB, AKT or PI3K, that could control transcription factor activity and as a result impact on adipogenesis regulation. Therefore, the constant consumption of an anthocyanin-rich black bean extract may have anti-diabetic protective effects by modulating gene expression, resulting in a promising alternative for T2DM patients.

Hydrolysis conditions of black bean and brown rice and application of the hydrolysate in trial production of plant-based milk

Brown rice and black beans were known as good food sources. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and antioxidative properties of brown rice and black bean extracts treated with different enzymes such as Bialfa-T, Glucozyme 2x, Bialfa-T-Glucozyme 2x, Biase, Biomatasa-L andBiase-Biomatasa-L. These extracts were initially used to produce plant-based milks. The results showed that the combination of Bialfa-T and Glucozyme enzymes expanded the recovery yield and total phenolic content. Combined Bialfa-T and Glucozyme enzymes also resulted in the highest antioxidant capacity in both brown rice and black beans extracts. The product made from the mixture of brown rice extract and black bean extract at a ratio of 1:1 (v/v) had an acceptableorganoleptic quality

Encapsulation of probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG with black bean extract in alginate-pectin microcapsules

Encapsulation of probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG with black bean extract in alginate-pectin microcapsules

Enhanced exosome-mediated delivery of black bean phytochemicals (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for cancer treatment applications

Exosomes are a subpopulation of membrane-derived cellular vesicles (30−150 nm) that play an important role in intercellular communication. Because of their natural function as nanocarriers, several applications have been developed for these nanovesicles, including drug delivery. Here we loaded saponins and flavonoids obtained from a black bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with antiproliferative activity into exosomes extracted from different cell lines to induce an enhanced response in vitro. We demonstrated that exosomes can be loaded with at least three different phytochemicals in a one-step process to deliver these compounds to recipient cells. Moreover, we found that the bioactivity of the exosomal extract is greater than those observed in other formulations of the same extract. Our results suggest that exosomes are a promising alternative for improved delivery of complex mixtures of bioactive compounds, such as plant extracts. Therefore, future applications for these nanovesicles may include the development of new products for human use with enhanced nutraceutical properties.

Black Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Phenolic Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Potential

Abstract Objectives The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of common bean phenolic extract to exert anti-aging and antioxidant effect by inhibiting the collagenase, elastase, tyrosinase enzymes and free radicals. Methods 18 varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Chiapas, Mexico, were analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC) and total anthocyanin content (ACN). Supercritical fluid (SCF) and leaching extractions were used for phenolic compounds extraction. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS scavenging assay. The inhibitory potential of the extract was evaluated for tyrosinase from mushroom, collagenase type-1 from Clostridium histolycum and elastase from porcine pancreas enzymes. Results The TPC ranged from 3.8–34.33 mg GAE/g coat and ACN ranged from 0.04–9.41 mg C3GE/g coat among the 18 common bean varieties (P < 0.05). The cultivar selected for this study was black bean with a TPC of 27.45 ± 0.7 mg GAE/g coat and ACN of 5.3 ± 0.1 mg C3GE/g coat. The best extraction conditions for the obtention of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins were SCF water-ethanol 50% as cosolvent, obtaining 66.60 ± 7.4 mg GAE/g coat (TPC) and 7.3 ± 0.6 mg C3GE/g coat (ACN). TPC and ACN content between each extraction process were statistically different (P < 0.05). For DPPH scavenging assay the IC50 for the black bean extract was 0.32 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g coat, and 0.40 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g coat for ABTS assay. Finally, the IC50 for the enzymatic inhibition assays of tyrosinase, collagenase and elastase were 10.44 ± 1.32, 8.33 ± 0.65 and 0.11 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g coat, respectively. Conclusions Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) extract presents high antioxidant capacity and inhibitory potential for tyrosinase and metalloproteinases such as collagenase and elastase. Black bean phenolic extracts could be used in cosmeceutical products related to preventing oxidative stress and aging. Funding Sources Author David Fonseca Hernández was supported by a scholarship from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología CONACyT-México, number 901,000. CONACYT-FORDECYT GRANT.

In silico analysis of antidiabetic potential of phenolic compounds from blue corn (Zea mays L.) and black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The growing interest in bioactive compounds, especially in polyphenols, is due to their abundance in the human diet and potentially positive effects on health. The consumption of polyphenols has been shown to possess anti-diabetic properties by preventing insulin resistance or insulin secretion through different signaling pathways, this effect is associated with their capacity to exert genomic modulations. Several studies have suggested that polyphenols could also bind to cellular proteins and modulate their activity, however, the mechanisms of action underlying their beneficial effects are complex and are not fully understood. The aim of this work was to characterize phenolic compounds present in blue corn and black bean extracts as well as identify their potential interactions with target proteins involved in diabetes pathogenesis using in silico approach. Total polyphenols content of both blue corn and black beans was identified using UPLC-ESI/qTOF/MS and quantified by colorimetric assays. In this work we identified twenty-eight phenolic compounds in the extracts, mainly anthocyanins, flavonols, hydroxycinamic acids, dihydroxybenzoic acids, flavones, isoflavones, and flavanols. Interactome of these compounds with thirteen target proteins involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus was performed in-silico. In total, 312 bioactive compounds/protein interaction analyses were acquired. Molecular docking results highlighted that nine of the top ten interactions correspond to anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-glucoside with 11β-HS, GFAT, PPARG; delphinidin 3-glucoside with 11β-HS, GFAT, PTP and RTKs; and petunidin 3-glucoside with 11β-HS and PTP. These proteins are involved in mechanisms regulating functions such as inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, glucose and lipid metabolism. In conclusion, this work provides a prediction of the potential molecular mechanism of black bean and blue corn polyphenols, specifically anthocyanins and could constitute new pathways by which compounds exert their antidiabetic benefits.

Alternative application approach on black bean: hair coloring product

BackgroundBlack bean is one of the important beans as the second most consumed bean globally after soybean. It has been reported as a sustainable source of anthocyanins, important natural colorants used in food and consumer products. However, industrial uses of black bean anthocyanins in pharmaceutics and cosmetics have rarely been explored. Thus, here, a black bean anthocyanin extract was prepared, quality controlled and developed into an efficient hair coloring product.ResultsBlack bean was macerated in hydrochloric ethanol to produce a dark-reddish 1.85 ± 0.04% dry extract with total anthocyanin content (TAC) of 1.24 ± 0.48 µg/ml cyanidin-3-glucoside. The extract was readily dissolved in propylene glycol (25%), giving a reddish to red-brownish solution at pH of 4.00–7.00. The addition of antioxidant significantly (p = 0.000) enhanced the stability of the extract in an accelerated stability test (90.34 ± 5.32 from 67.83 ± 3.45% TAC remaining). Three base hair gels containing different thickeners were developed to yield clear gels with a viscosity of 101,666.67–447,333.33 cps and a pH of 4.80–4.97. The gel base with the best hair application properties was chosen to mix with 8, 10 and 12% black bean extract to produce similar visually assessed red-brown gels (L* = 33.25–33.76, a* = 0.06–0.09, b* = − 0.45–0.38 and h* = 277.54–283.31) at 73,733.33–99,666.67 cps and a pH of 5.00–5.01. All of the black bean hair coloring gels were stable under the accelerated test. The 10% hair gel was tested for its hair staining efficacy. The black bean hair coloring gel was found to efficiently color hair, and the color was maintained through four washings.ConclusionsAn alternative application approach of using black bean as a natural colorant is presented here, including its basic requirements for preparation and quality control from an industrial aspect. The efficient semi-permanent hair coloring product containing black bean is an innovative natural product and is considered as one progress towards a sustainable bio-based economy using a readily available industrial crop, black bean.

Small black bean (Rhynchosia volubilis) extract ameliorates gut microbial and metabolic perturbation in ovariectomized mice

Abstract Phytoestrogen is considered a promising natural remedy for various postmenopausal symptoms. However, most studies have focused on common soybean, Glycine max. Here, for the first time, we evaluated the in vivo effect of a distinct species, small black bean (Rhynchosia volubilis), on ovariectomized mice and investigated its impact on the intestinal microbiota and metabolic status. Ovariectomized mice exhibited significant body weight gain, a typical postmenopausal symptom, and microbial changes, such as decreased α-diversity; changes in microbial composition, especially abundances of the families Desulfovibrionaceae and Mogibacteriaceae and genus Dorea; and decreased amino acid and short-chain fatty acid levels. Administration of small black bean extract restores body weight and gut microbial perturbation to levels similar to those observed under normal conditions. Our data suggest that small black bean extract is a potential candidate functional food for treating postmenopausal symptoms via remodeling of the intestinal microbiome.

Exosomes as nanocarriers for the delivery of bioactive compounds from black bean extract with antiproliferative activity in cancer cell lines

Abstract Exosomes are membrane-derived nanovesicles secreted by a variety of cell types to the extracellular space for intercellular communication. Based on this biological function, exosomes have been used in numerous applications such as drug delivery. In this work, exosomes isolated from MCF7, Caco2, PC3 and HepG2 cell lines were characterized and loaded with bioactive compounds from black bean extract by electroporation. The cellular uptake and the antiproliferative activity of exosomal formulation were evaluated in cancerous cells in vitro, resulting in a maximum exosome uptake after 24 h with an enhanced antiproliferative activity. Our results suggest that exosomes are a promising alternative for the development of novel and more efficient cancer therapies.

Cytotoxic Activity of a Black Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Extract and its Flavonoid Fraction in Both In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Lymphoma.

Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a very common legume seed in Mexican diet. Flavonoids and crude extracts from different plants have been reported as effective agents for chemoprevention and cytotoxicity in several cancer cell lines. We investigated the effects of black bean hulls extract (BBE) and its flavonoid fraction (FF) on lymphoma cells. BBE and FF were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography. Viability and flow cytometry assays were carried out. Finally, a mouse model was generated to test the in vivo effect of both fractions. Both BBE and FF inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent way. In addition, cells underwent apoptosis, and the cellular population at S-phase increased after exposure to these fractions. Furthermore, mice treated with BBE or FF increased the overall survival by 5 or 6 days, respectively, in comparison with a placebo group (p = 0.056). BBE and FF had cytotoxic action by driving OCI-Ly7 cells into apoptosis as well as blocking progression to G2/M phase. In addition, BBE and FF treatments were effective in xenograft models.

Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of black turtle bean extracts on human breast cancer cell line through extrinsic and intrinsic pathway

The black turtle bean (BTB) is most widely consumed legume all over the world having anticancer activity. The aim of the study was to analyse the apoptotic effects of BTB extracts on human breast cancer cell lines. Plant extract was prepared by homogenization and centrifugation. The cytotoxic effects of BTB was evaluated by MTT assay and their apoptotic effects were characterized by DNA fragmentation, nuclear staining assay, mitochondrial membrane potential analysis, annexin-V FITC and caspase 3/7 activity assay. The changes in cell cycle and gene expression of cell lines were analysed by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR, respectively. BTB extract showed cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 50 μg/ml in MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells. The caspase 3/7 was activated in the cancer cells treated with BTB extract leading to cell death by apoptosis. Moreover, there was significant increase in the expression of Bax as well as decrease in the Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression with in a dose dependent manner in both cells. It induces cell cycle arrest in S and G2/M phase in MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells, respectively. The mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased in BTB treated cells thereby transducing the apoptotic signal through the mitochondrial pathway and it also causes DNA fragmentation. Thus, it can be concluded that BTB induces the apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells through intrinsic and extrinsic pathway and can be explored further for promising candidate to combat breast cancer. BTB extract exhibit anti-cancer activity by inducing apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines.

Black bean anthocyanin-rich extracts as food colorants: Physicochemical stability and antidiabetes potential.

Black beans contain anthocyanins that could be used as colorants in foods with associated health benefits. The objective was to optimize anthocyanins extraction from black bean coats and evaluate their physicochemical stability and antidiabetes potential. Optimal extraction conditions were 24% ethanol, 1:40 solid-to-liquid ratio and 29°C (P<0.0001). Three anthocyanins were identified by MS ions, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (465.1m/z), petunidin-3-O-glucoside (479.1m/z) and malvidin-3-O-glucoside (493.1m/z). A total of 32mg of anthocyanins were quantified per gram of dry extract. Bean anthocyanins were stable at pH 2.5 and low-temperature 4°C (89.6%), with an extrapolated half-life of 277days. Anthocyanin-rich extracts inhibited α-glucosidase (37.8%), α-amylase (35.6%), dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (34.4%), reactive oxygen species (81.6%), and decreased glucose uptake. Black bean coats are a good source of anthocyanins and other phenolics with the potential to be used as natural-source food colorants with exceptional antidiabetes potential.

Black adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) extract exerts phenotypic effects on white adipose tissue and reverses liver steatosis in diet-induced obese mice

The primary objective of this study was to examine the extent to which black adzuki bean (BAB) extract attenuates the development of high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Four-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed one of the following diets for 12 weeks: control diet containing 10% of its energy as fat (CD); high-fat diet, containing 60% of its energy as fat (HD); high-fat diet mixed with 1% freeze-dried BAB extract powder (BAB); or high-fat diet mixed with 0.08% kaempferol (Kfr). Compared to the HD group, the BAB group showed significantly reduced body weight, reduced white adipose tissue weight, and a reduced adipocyte phenotype. Moreover, the BAB group exhibited decreased signs of liver pathology, decreased liver weight, and decreased formation of hepatic lipid droplets. Lipogenesis-associated genes were significantly downregulated in epididymal fat tissue, while lipolytic and β-oxidation genes were upregulated in the BAB group relative to the HD group. Overall, BAB extract is a promising dietary supplement with the potential to attenuate obesity. Practical applications The adzuki bean has been traditionally consumed as a food and has been used as a traditional remedy in East Asia. Moreover, black adzuki beans have been shown to exhibit beneficial effects, such as anti-obesity and anti-steatosis effects, by regulating lipid metabolism.

The inhibitory effects of roasted black bean (Rhynchosia nulubilis) extracts on RANKL-mediated RAW264.7 cells differentiation.

This study compared the inhibitory effects of roasted black bean (Rhynchosia nulubilis, seomoktae, RoS) extracts with raw seomoktae (RaS: control) extract on RANKL-mediated RAW264.7 cell differentiation after the determination of isoflavones content as well as antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. The RoS extracts (RoS90-20, RoS100-20, RoS110-20, and RoS120-20) had significantly (p<0.05) higher isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and glycitein) and better antioxidant activity than the RaS extract. Especially, RoS110-20, which was roasted at 110°C for 20 min, has the highest amounts of soy-derived compounds. The RoS110-20 extract significantly reduced LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGE2) production compared to the RaS extract. The RoS110-20 extract showed a higher inhibitory effect on the expression of NFATc1 in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cells than the RaS extract without any evidence of cytotoxicity under western blotting and tartrateresistant acid phosphatase staining (TRAP). The results of this study suggest that roasting increased the concentration of soy-derived compounds and improved the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of RoS110-20 extract compared with RaS. In addition, the differentiation of RANKL-mediated RAW264.7 cells was effectively inhibited by the RoS110-20 extract due to its enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities caused by roasting, confirming its potential for ameliorating bone loss.