Black And White Research Articles

Association of MIND diet with cognitive decline among Blackand White older adults.

We examined the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet's association with cognitive decline by race among older adults in the Chicago Health and Aging Project. Five thousand two hundred fifty-nine participants (73.5 [±6.0] years, 62% Black participants, 62% female) completed a food frequency questionnaire, andtwo or more cognitive assessments over 7.8±4.6 years. Overall, higher MIND diet was associated with slower cognitive decline (p for trend=0.0025). The MIND score (range:0-15) was different between Black and White older adults(6.97vs. 7.12, p=0.010). Compared to the lowest tertile, among White participants, the two highest tertiles (MIND score -7: β=0.0121 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0006, 0.0237]; MIND score-8.5: β=0.0146 [95% CI: 0.0003, 0.0260]) and among Black participants, only the highest tertile (MIND score-8.5: β=0.0088 [95% CI: 0.0003, 0.0172]) had association with cognitive decline. Vascular and lifestyle factors attenuated the association only for Black older adults. The MIND diet was associated with slower cognitive decline in Black and White older adults, but this may vary with other lifestyle and vascular factors. Further research is warranted on race-specific cultural diets considering other risk factors for cognitive decline. The intake of Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet components varies by race. The MIND diet may slow cognitive decline in both Black and White older adults. This association may vary with other lifestyle and vascular risk factors.

Modeling Morality-Based Argumentation for Believable Game Characters: A Design Postmortem

An ability to morally reason is crucial to the believability of many fictional characters, from Jane Austen’s heroines to the denizens of The Good Place. These works often foreground the complexity of moral questions and the circumstances un- der which different forms of behavior might be justified. Morality is also foregrounded in many games, from Black and White to Mass Effect 3. Yet, most in-game characters judge other characters (or the player) based on a single reputation scale or binary values of right and wrong. There has been little exploration in games of the relationship between char- acter values and beliefs and moral reasoning. In keeping with this year’s conference theme, “Oh the Humanity,” this design postmortem paper describes the design and development of Argument Box, a model of moral argumentation and reason- ing based on Lakoff’s metaphor theory of moral politics. We describe our design approach, iterations, and authoring con- cerns — covering what went right and wrong in our attempts to model morality-based argumentation for believable game characters.

Use of Black-and-White Digital Filters to Optimize Visualization in Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a black-and-white (BW) filter on the optimization of visualization at each stage of cataract surgery. Methods: Prospective, single-center, single-surgeon, consecutive case series of 40 patients undergoing cataract surgery with BW filter. Surgical images and videos were recorded with and without the BW filter at each stage of cataract surgery. Contrast measurements of surgical images and subjective analysis of video sequences were performed. Results: The surgeons assessed the BW filter to optimize the tissue visibility of capsulorhexis contours, hydrodissection fluid wave perception, the contrast of instruments through a nucleus during phaco-chop, and subincisional cortex contrast through the corneal edema. Despite the higher contrasts’ value obtained with BW filter images during nucleus removal, posterior capsular polishing and viscous removal, the surgeons subjectively reported no significant advantage of using a BW filter. Standard color images were found to be better for localizing the limbal area during incision and for nucleus sculpture to assess groove depth. Conclusions: In conclusion, we describe here the potential indications for BW filter use at particular stages in cataract surgery. A BW filter could be used, with caution, in cases of poor visualization.

What is the glamor of black‐and‐white? The effect of color design on evaluations of luxury brand ads

AbstractVisual esthetic stimuli are believed to be an important factor in increasing luxury brands attitudes. However, less attention has been given by existing research to how the presence or absence of color (i.e., color vs. black‐and‐white) influences consumers' perceptions of products and evaluations toward luxury ads. Drawing on the perspective of esthetic meaning and the theory of psychological distance, this study provides key evidence for addressing this gap. Three studies have found that black‐and‐white (BW) (vs. color) is associated with the luxuriousness of products and evaluations of luxury brand ads. Specifically, Study 1 shows that BW (vs. color) design can enhance consumers' evaluations of luxury brand ads by enhancing the perceived luxuriousness of products. In addition, Study 2 indicates that ad appeal plays a moderating role in the link between color design (BW vs. color) and ad evaluations such that the effect of BW designs (vs. color design) will be higher for consumers when ads focus on hedonic (vs. utilitarian) appeals. Study 3 further shows that BW is more effective for luxury brand ads than both iconic and noniconic colors. In sum, our results extend the existing literature and provide valuable management strategies for luxury brand marketing management in visual esthetic design.

Racism and Representation of Racialized Beauty in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye

The American novelist Toni Morrison’s novel The Bluest Eye portrays black society and deals with the themes of black victimization and racial oppression. It presents a prolonged representation of the means in which the standards of internalized white beauty contort the life and existence of black women. This paper explores and elucidates the impact of race, racial oppression and representation in The Bluest Eye. And how racism also edifices the hatredness between Blackand White communities. This paper will discuss various issues and concepts such as Race, Race in the Colonial Period, Racializing the Other and Stereotyping. The paper also deals with understanding Representation through the ideas of Saussure, Barthes, Levi-Strauss, Foucault, Geertz, and Said. Racism is primarily a belief in the supremacy and dominance of one race upon another that consequences in the differences, discrimination and prejudice of people towards one another rooted and established on their race or ethnicity. Racism has deeply affected the African-American coloured people making them feel inferior. The Bluest Eye reflects the appalling effect on blacks individualising the values of a white culture that rejects them both immediately and incidentally. Even after abolition of slavery legally still the African-Americans faces the cruelty of racial discrimination and never considered equal to the whites. The Black people struggles to ascertain themselves with the white and their ethnic ways. Toni Morrison propounds on black cultural heritage and seeks the African-Americans to be gratified and proud of their black colour as well black identity. This paper conveys the essence of the coloured people’s fight for their race, and also its continuance and forbearance in a principally multicultural White dominated America.

How Color Affects the Effectiveness of Taste- versus Health-Focused Restaurant Advertising Messages

Despite the ubiquitous use of taste-focused and health-focused advertising messages, the existing advertising literature offers little guidance on how the persuasiveness of such messages might be enhanced through design elements such as color. To address this gap, the current research examines the new congruency of a visual design element (i.e., color) and a verbal design element (i.e., message type) and explores how color may facilitate the persuasion of taste-focused versus health-focused advertising messages. The message–color congruency effect is examined across two studies with between-subjects experimental designs utilizing an Amazon's Mechanical Turk (Mturk) consumer panel. The findings suggest that taste-focused advertising messages combined with color imagery and health-focused advertising messages combined with black-and-white (BW) imagery can effectively boost consumer responses, including attitude toward the ad, attitude toward the restaurant, purchase intention, and willingness to pay (WTP). Furthermore, mediation analyses demonstrate that the proposed message–color congruency effect is driven by consumers’ subjective experience of “feeling right” during information processing. Implications for designing advertisements are discussed.

Examining consumers’ sensory experiences with color: A consumer neuroscience approach

AbstractThis research advances neuroscience as a tool with which to study consumers’ visual mental imagery. Applying these methods, we suggest that the presence or absence of color is a critical dimension along which consumers’ visualizations can vary, and explore when and why color of visual mental imagery becomes more prominent. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we find neural evidence for distinguishing black‐and‐white (BW) versus color visualization, and that visual mental imagery becomes increasingly monochrome (vs. colorful) when consumers imagine distant (vs. near) future events. Our neural evidence further suggests construal level as the underlying mechanism of this effect, showing common regions of activation for imagining distant future events, engaging in high‐level construal, and forming BW mental imagery. We discuss the implication of these findings and the benefits of fMRI techniques for marketing in general.

Traffic sign detection and recognition by improving Region of Interest (ROI) division to support driver assistance system

Traffic signs detection and recognition is a technology that allows automatic identification of traffic signs. In the implementation, it mostly uses a camera to capture video or real-time conditions. The Traffic detection and recognition system can give benefits to improve safety for drivers or passengers. Therefore, traffic signs detection and recognition system are one of the important parts in Driver Assistance Systems (DAS), besides that it is also used in video surveillance to improve traffic safety in the field of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). In this paper, we propose a method for detecting and recognizing traffic signs by combining color and shape detection and divide the interest object to several regions for object recognition. The first step is image transformation, which aims to determine interest objects in the camera view. Such a process was using hue, saturation, value (HSV) color space, grey level, and black and white (BW) level. The next step is the filter and the segmentation process. The result of the filter and segmentation process then detects area objects by using region determination. The last step is the region of interest (ROI), which is used to recognizing sign traffic by the sum of absolute differences (SAD), and we try to improve area selection of ROI around nine parts. The results of the experiment proved that the proposed method was relatively good with the success rate for detecting objects about 97,38 %, and the true positive of recognition result about 81,67 %.

Marker Quality Improvement in Augmented Reality Using Grey-scale Method

Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology which combines the real world and virtual world, where users can feel the interaction between the two worlds. Marker Augmented reality or known as marker-based tracking technique uses a marker as media to display this technology. The marker is used as an object that contains images with unique patterns to identify each different object. Because it has a unique pattern, not any objects can be used as a marker. In Vuforia SDK, image recognition is done using a grayscale technique to search for angular features of the pixel image. If the image was taken directly using the camera in the old times in the form of Black and White (BNW), it has bad quality and most likely cannot be used as a marker because it has a few features. In BNW images taken directly from the camera, the Vuforia SDK detects only a few features in the image. This journal explains how the technique of making a BNW image into a marker can be detected by Augmented Reality Technology.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ УТРИМАННЯ ПЛЕМІННИХ ТЕЛИЦЬ ЯК ФАКТОР ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ВИРОБНИЦТВА МОЛОКА НА МОЛОЧНИХ КОМПЛЕКСАХ

The scientific search for the reduction in the price of milk production in Ukraine including the method of pedigree cow calve management technology improvement has been conducted. The research was carried out in the production conditions of the milk and commodity complex “Vilshanske”, Dvurechansky district, Kharkiv region. The heifers of the Ukrainian Black-and White dairy breed, aged from 2 months to 2-6 months and older than 6 months, were taken as the object of the investigation and both the new up-to-date and the common technologies of the heifer management were used. In addition, the following methods of scientific research were used: zootechnical, technological, economic, statistical ones. The aim of the scientific research was to find the ways to reduce the material expenditures at the expense of the introduction less cost technology of pedigree heifer management, the improvement of pedigree heifer feeding system during the main stages of heifer growing. In addition, during the scientific research special attention was paid to the search of the ways to provide high rate of mechanization of the production processes, energy saving, the reduction of labor and material expenditures and financial resources to construct the premises, objects of infrastructure, the use of modern building materials for that including easily constructed, model constructions and the creation of the conditions for the animal well-being: optimization of the quantity and necessity of technological operations, loose housing system, standardized biologically full feed ration with the use of all-year-round monotype feeding using priority feeds. In addition, the new premises of the hangar type made from easily-modelled constructions were used to maintain the calves in the individual pens from the birth to 2 –month- age. But at the age of 2-6 months and older than 6 months the heifers were kept in the reconstructed premises that provided the conditions for the animal well-being. All the above mentioned gave the possibility to increase the daily weight gains in the cow calves during the period of their growing on average per head from 600 g to 723 g or by 20,5%, to reduce the forage expenditure per 1 centner of the calve weight gain from 10,93 centner to 6,78 centner or by 38, 0% without the increase in the number of concentrated feeds in the ration structure. High intensity of pedigree heifer management has been achieved that created the conditions to inseminate the heifers at the 12-13 month-age. live weight 380-400 kg and to produce the first calving at the age of 21-22-month. As a result high dairy productivity of cows was achieved – 1020 kg/ year, the profitability of milk production was 43,7%.

Genetic trend of functional productive life in the population of black and white cattle in Serbia

This research was conducted with the aim ?f estimating genetic trend for a functional length of productive life (FLPL) in the population of Black and White cattle in Serbia. Research and bulls genetic evaluation for functional longevity were performed on a set of data provided by Agricultural Corporation Belgrade AD (PKB) which contained data on longevity and origin of 22109 cows out of which 26% records were right-censored. Functional length of productive life (FPLP) represents a time period from the first calving to culling or censoring corrected for milk production. Breeding values were estimated using Weibull method of proportional risks within survival analysis a genetic trend for FLPL was calculated using of a regression analysis. The cows included in the analysis were on average first calved in the age of 809 days and had an average share of 81.9% genes of Holstein Friesian breed. An average length of productive life was 1267 days (41.6 months). Distribution of bull standardised breeding values did not statistically significantly differ from normal distribution. An average standardised breeding value was 99. A slightly positive genetic trend was determined, that is, the length of functional productive life was by selection increased by 0.021 day at an annual level while a reliability of estimated breeding values showed a negative trend.

Identity Analysis of Egg Based on Digital and Thermal Imaging: Image Processing and Counting Object Concept

This Research was conducted to analyze the identification of eggs. The research processes use two tools, namely thermal imaging camera and smartphone camera. The identification process was done by using Matlab prototype tools. The image has been acquired by means of proficiency level, then analyzed and applied several methods. Image acquisition results of thermal imaging camera are processed using morphological dilation and do the complement in black and white (BW). While the digital image uses the merger method of morphological dilation and opening, and it doesn't need to be complemented. Labeling process is done, and the process of determining centroid and bounding box. The process has been done and it can be applied for identifying of chicken eggs with the accuracy rate of 100%. There are different methods of both images is obtained area (pixels) which is equivalent to the difference is very small as 6 x 10<sup>-3</sup>.

Detection of Cancerous and Non-cancerous Skin by using GLCM Matrix and Neural Network Classifier

Day by day the use of image processing is increasing. Now a days image processing is the part and parcel of medical science. By image processing many types of cancer are easily detected. Skin cancer is one of them. In this paper the proposed method detects two types of skin one is cancerous skin and another is affected but not cancerous skin. Skin cancers are most common cancer in human. Skin cancers are curable cancer after early detection. The system can distinguish cancerous skin and non-cancerous skin based on some values of features. Some value extracted from Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). GLCM features include Contrast, Correlation, Energy, Entropy and Homogeneity. Besides those MajorAxisLength, MinorAxisLength, Solidity, Equivdiameter, Perimeter, Mean, Standard Deviation, ConvexArea, Area, Euclidean Distance, Manhattan Distance, Minkowski Distance and Hamming Distance. There are several steps for evaluating the process. The first step is preprocessing, in this step the noise is removed by using filter. The filtered image is segmented into gray level and black and white (BW) image. All the features are calculated on black and white (BW) image. The neural network is used to classify the images. It is an easy system rather than the doctor biopsy procedure. The system consumes less time and gets better result than ordinary systems.

Monochrome Forests and Colorful Trees: The Effect of Black-and-White versus Color Imagery on Construal Level

Marketing communications (e.g., advertising, packaging) can be either colorful or black and white. This research investigates how presence or absence of color affects consumer information processing. Drawing from construal-level and visual perception theory, five experiments test the hypothesis that black-and-white (BW) versus color imagery is cognitively associated with high-level versus low-level construal, respectively. Experiment 1 establishes this association via an Implicit Association Test. On the basis of this association, experiments 2 and 3 show that BW (vs. color) imagery promotes high-level (vs. low-level) construal, leading to sorting objects on the basis of high-level (vs. low-level) features, segmenting behaviors into broader (vs. narrower) units, and interpreting actions as ends (vs. means). Extending this effect into consumer decision making, experiments 4 and 5 further show that consumers presented with BW (vs. color) product pictures weight primary and essential (vs. secondary and superficial) product features more and prefer an option that excels on those features.

Semi-Intensive Fattening Suitability and Slaughter Value of Young Bulls of Three Polish Native Breeds in Comparison With Polish Holstein-Friesian and Simmental

Abstract An evaluation was conducted of the suitability for fattening in a semi-intensive system (mainly with fodders from permanent grassland) and the slaughter value of 15 young bulls of the Polish Red (PR) breed and 10 each of the White-Backed (WB) and Polish Black-and-White (BW) breeds. The reference group consisted of young bulls of the Black-and-White variety of the Polish Holstein- Friesian (HF) breed and the Simmental (SIM) breed, fattened on the same farms. Control fattening was carried out until the age of 18 months. Mean daily weight gain in the bulls of the native breeds during the control fattening period (which lasted 314-358 days) was 0.9 kg, similarly to HF, but significantly lower (P≤0.05) than in the Simmentals (986 g). During the entire fattening period, i.e. from birth to the age of 18 months, daily weight gain was 832 g in PR and 889-919 g in WB and BW. Dressing percentage was lowest in PR bulls (51.69%), and higher in WB (53.1%) and BW (53.49%), with values similar to the reference group, i.e. young bulls of the Simmental (52.97%) and HF (53.29%) breeds. The difference between PR and BW (1.8%) and HF (1.6%) was statistically significant (P≤0.05). In the EUROP classification system, the carcasses of the young bulls of the native breeds were most often placed in classes R- and O+ (conformation) and 2+ and 3- (fat cover), as in the case of young HF bulls. Carcasses of young Simmental bulls were assigned to much higher classes. The young bulls of the three Polish native breeds evaluated are good material for fattening in a semi-intensive system (mainly with fodder from permanent grasslands), while the young PR bulls were the least suitable

Accuracy and Reliability of Severity Estimates Using Linear or Logarithmic Disease Diagram Sets in True Colour or Black and White: a Study Case for Rice Brown Spot

AbstractFour disease diagram sets to aid in assessments of rice brown spot severity were developed and evaluated with regard to accuracy and reliability of the estimates. These sets had severity increments in a linear (LIN) or logarithmic (LOG) fashion with the diagrams depicted in true colour (COL) or black and white (BW). Ten inexperienced raters evaluated one of the sets, totalling forty raters. On each group of raters, the assessment was made first unaided and then aided with the respective diagram set. The minimum and the maximum severities of the diagram sets were 0.5 and 36%, respectively, and the five intermediate severity values were 6, 12, 18, 24 and 32% for the LIN diagram sets, and 1.8, 3.3, 6, 11 and 20% for the LOG sets. Overall agreement, measured by the Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (ρc), increased considerably when using the aid (unaided mean ρc = 0.53, aided mean ρc = 0.87) due to a strong reduction in the systematic bias, measured by the bias correction factor Cb (unaided mean Cb = 0.60, aided mean Cb = 0.95). All diagrams led to similar accuracy and precision, but a consistent overestimation was still observed when using the LIN sets, and variability for the absolute errors was higher for the LOG sets, compared with the LIN sets. Estimates using the diagram sets were more reliable based on the intraclass correlation (mean ρ = 0.79–0.86) compared with unaided estimates (mean ρ = 0.51–0.67). Raters exhibited preference for specific values, such as the ‘knots’ (10, 20, 30%, etc.), and the severity values represented in the diagrams, especially when using the LIN sets. The diagram sets similarly helped to improve accuracy and reliability of estimates of rice brown spot epidemics.

The effect of the level of milk yield on the reproduction traits in black and white cows

In this study a relationship between the milk yield and following reproduction traits: number of inseminations per conception [AIS], service period [SP], age at calving [AC], calving interval [CI] and birth weight [BW] is studied. The research involved dairy cows of European type of Black and White cattle which are being intensively improved by the genes of Holstein - Friesian breed. Mean values of general average for number of inseminations per conception, service period, age at calving, calving interval and birth weight are: 2.00; 98.78; 1088.08; 376.70 and 36.40, respectively. In general, the estimated phenotypic correlations (rp) between the milk yield over standard lactations and fertility traits were positive and unfavorable, and ranged from 0.24 for the relationship between milk yield and birth weight to 0.70 for relationship between milk yield and age at calving.

Spine surgery tricks of the trade

The book Spine Surgery—Tricks of the Trade by AlexanderVaccaro and Todd Albert, Second Edition, definitely holdstrue to its title. On a little over 300 pages of this hardcoverbook, over 80 authors, mainly from the USA but also fromother countries, have put together a fascinating overview ofmodern spine surgery techniques. As stated in the title, thisbook is fostering on the technical aspects of spinal surgeryand is not a text book about spinal disease.The book is extremely well structured with systematicdescriptions of posterior then anterior approaches, eachfirst without instrumentation then with instrumentation,from the craniovertebral junction down to the sacrum.Special sections about deformity, minimally invasiveprocedures, bone grafting, external immobilization,motion-preserving procedures, and complication manage-ment follow to round up the spine surgeon's potentialarmamentarium. The last section “Complications Manage-ment” is particularly useful to busy spine surgeons asdealing with complications and awareness of their bestmanagement is often neglected in the current literature ascomplications are generally under-reported.Each surgical procedure is described in the samesystematic manner with the subheadings: “Description”,“Key principles”, “Indications”, “Contraindications”,“Special Considerations”, “Special instructions/position/anesthesia”, “Tips/pearls and lessons learned”, “Difficul-ties encountered”, “Key procedural steps”, “Bailout/rescue/salvage procedures”, and “Pitfalls”. The letter sizeis somewhat small and needs careful reading but seemsnecessary to confine text length to about 3–5 pages pertechnique on average, which maintains excellent over-view. Furthermore, this book is probably not designed forsystematic read-through but rather for a pinpointed work-up or brush-up of one or more specific procedures.Again, the clear structure here makes it a pleasure to findand read through the chapter(s) needed. The illustrationsfit well into the chapter, and though only black andwhite, they are clear and instructive. The index is helpfuland clear. There are no references; rather, the authors ofeach procedure chapter are listed directly below the titleof the chapter.As spinal surgery has impressively evolved over the pasttwo decades, it is of paramount importance not to lose theoverview of available surgical solutions and to know theirpros and cons. This is exactly what this book offers: onlyvery little (and understandable!) bias is noted in thetechnical descriptions by the authors. Rather, a useful self-critical style has been implicated by such subheadings as“Difficulties encountered”, “Bailout/rescue/salvage proce-dures”, and “Pitfalls”. Such a differentiated presentation ofstrengths and weaknesses of procedures will allow theneurosurgical or orthopedic resident, spine fellow, or fullytrained specialist to make his or her own and besttherapeutic choice in a given situation.

Carcass traits of Charolais, Limousin, Black and White and crossbreeds of Charolais, Limousin and Belgian Blue x Black and White young bulls in Slovenia

The effect of crossing of Black and White (BW) cows with Charolais (CHA), Limousin (LIM) and Belgian Blue (BB) sires on carcass traits of their crossbred male offspring was evaluated. The crossbred bulls were compared with pure breed BW, CHA and LIM bulls. Bulls younger than 24 months and slaughtered in Slovenian slaughterhouses from 2005 to 2008 were included in the comparison. All crossbred genotypes had heavier carcass weight and better net daily gain than pure breed BW bulls. Within crossbred groups the CHAxBW bulls had the heaviest carcasses and the greatest net daily gain. Among all genotypes the best carcass conformation had CHA and the worst BW bulls. In the comparison to pure breeds the BBxBW bulls had for 1.1 of the class better conformation than BW and for 0.5 worse than CHA bulls. Within crossbreeds the BBxBW bulls had for 0.12 and 0.30 of the class better conformation than CHAxBW and LIMxBW bulls. Carcass fatness varied from 2.3 to 2.6 among genotypes, where the BBxBW buls had the lowest fatness score.

On ‘L.A.: Light/Motion/Dreams’: Developing an Exhibition on the Natural and Cultural History of Los Angeles

A BLACKAND WHITE panorama of coastal hills and dry chaparral sweeps across four walls of a darkened space; in the center stands a glowing backlit image of a mid-century modernist home. A sparkling pool curves out from the bottom of the frame, extending forward into the room, the image now in three dimensions. A real diving board hovers above the glowing pool, drawing us forward. At the tip of the diving board, where we might expect a blonde starlet, a lean coyote stands, its sharp gaze intent on the house before it, in its mouth the limp body of the family cat. Native and exotic collide in a fabricated paradise and it seems the coyote has won the day. This scene anchored the first collections-based gallery in a recent exhibition, L.A.: light / motion / dreams. A team from the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, working in collaboration with designers and production teams from France, Canada, and the United States, organized the exhibition, which opened to the public in Los Angeles in March 2004 and ran through January 2005. The exhibition was among the first tangible results of a new direction for the museum, one that attempts to integrate science and the humanities in a new approach to the conception and execution of exhibitions. As they seek to sustain and build audiences, museums of all types are reconsidering their subject matter and the manner in which they communicate with the public. Natural history museums in particular are looking to move beyond traditional intellectual frameworks and display techniques in order to address contemporary issues of environmental sustainability in a language that communicates not only in an intellectual way, but through the emotions and the senses.