Bivariate Approaches Research Articles

Age at marriage and its determinants in Kerala and Bihar

BackgroundMarriage is a significant milestone in one’s life, and the age at which individuals choose to get married can have various implications. By examining the age at marriage and its determinants in different regions, such as Kerala and Bihar, we can gain insights into Socio-demographic factors that influence this decision.MethodsThe National Family Health Survey (2019–2021) data was used. A total of 41,392 ever married women from Kerala (8, 579) and Bihar (32,813) were analysed using bivariate and multiple binary logistic regression approaches to meet the study aim.ResultThe significant association was found between explanatory factors and age at first marriage in Karala and Bihar. In Bihar, educated women from the poorest families had a higher rate of early marriages. Conversely, in Kerala, uneducated women from non-majority religions and larger households (more than 6 members) were more likely to be married before18. After accounting major effects of background characteristics, the adjusted odds ratio showed that In Kerala Muslim religion women have significantly higher odds of getting married before 18 (OR: 3.09, CI 2.67–3.57) then the Hindu women whereas in Bihar Muslim religion women has the significantly lower chance of getting married before turning 18 (OR: 0.87, CI 0.81–0.93) compared to Hindu. In both the states Kerala and Bihar General social group women had the significantly lower odds of getting married below 18 (OR: 0.73, CI 0.57–0.93 and OR: 0.88, CI 0.81–0.96) with respect to SC/ST social group women’s.ConclusionWomen in Bihar usually marry in younger age due to socioeconomic and traditional reasons, whereas in Kerala reverse is true, because of a greater emphasis on education and a more progressive social outlook. These regional variations reflect different cultural norms and socioeconomic environments, shape different marriage age patterns between the two regions.

Impact of disaggregated level clean electricity on CO2 emissions: Evidence from EU-5 countries by bivariate and multivariate QQ approaches

Impact of disaggregated level clean electricity on CO₂ emissions: Evidence from EU-5 countries by bivariate and multivariate QQ approaches

Disentangling soil-based ecosystem services synergies, trade-offs, multifunctionality, and bundles: A case study at regional scale (NE Italy) to support environmental planning

The explicit use of ecosystem services (ESs) assessments has been called as a way to guide environmental decision making, yet the promise of the ES approach lies behind its potential. A way to consolidate the approach could be to introduce some aspects into the ESs assessments which might have been neglected so far. Such aspects are mainly: (1) a focus on the complex ESs relations (such as synergies and trade-offs) that can impact the supply of multiple SESs (soil ecosystem services), and (2) focus on potential drivers of SESs relations. We applied bivariate and multivariate approaches to SESs indicators derived from a solid pedological knowledge of the Emilia-Romagna study area in NE Italy. We focused on 7 SES: (1) habitat for soil organisms, (2) filtering and buffering capacity, (3) contribution to microclimate regulation, (4) carbon sequestration, (5) food provision potential, (6) water regulation, and (7) water storage capacity. These SESs were estimated through a combination of point observations, and pedotransfer functions (PTF) estimates spatialised over the area of interest with geostatistical simulation techniques. We found that SESs bivariate spatial relations could be categorised mainly in three types of patterns at regional scale, either: (1) synergistic SESs relations dominating at the region level, (2) trade-offs dominating, or (3) both kind of relations more or less equally frequent. Interestingly, in some cases the dominant regional SESs relation switched at a local level, and such switch was driven by soil properties. For the multivariate case (>2 SESs), two main results are highlighted. First, the combination of properties of some soils is so characteristic that they conform a single SESs bundle, as in the case of the rich SOM soils of alluvial origin in the NE of the region with low agricultural productivity, but high value in regulating SESs. Secondly, some SESs such as potential food provision and water regulation are more important than others to determine locations with high multi-services value at a regional level. This suggests that attention must be paid when ascribing high multi-services value locations as this is not independent of SESs relations. Overall, our results highlight the importance of soils in the potential supply of ESs and show that SESs relations are useful in the implementation of the concept in environmental assessments.

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Work Stress in Workers at PT. X, An Oil and Gas Company

Work stress is a very important problem in various countries and types of work. Many factors trigger work stress, such as work factors, outside work, individuals, and support. This study aims to determine the factors that influence work stress among workers at PT. X, an oil and gas company. The quantitative with a cross-sectional study design was conducted in this research. The research was conducted on 80 workers using simple random sampling techniques. Variables were measured using the NIOSH Generic Job Stress Questionnaire. Data were analyzed through univariate, bivariate and multivariate approaches using the chi-square test and linear regression test. The study found that there was a significant relationship between the marital status (p=0.009), work period (p=0.015), role conflict (p=0.021), and interpersonal conflict (p=0.002) on work stress in workers. The study results also show that interpersonal conflict is the factor that has the most influence on work stress (estimate=0.64, p=0.049). The findings of this study support the importance of stress management programs implemented in the workplace by paying attention to the factors that influence it.

Bone mineral density and osteoporosis related risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus negatively affects bone tissue and unfavourably impacts bone mineral density (BMD), therfore increasing the probability of fractures through pathological mechanisms. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with BMD and osteoporosis risk in individuals with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An investigation was undertaken involving 49 patients diagnosed with T2DM who fulfilled the specified criteria. These individuals underwent BMD assessment as part of a cross-sectional study. The analysis encompassed both univariate and bivariate approaches, utilizing the Chi-square test (X2) and binary logistic regression methods. A total of 30 participants (61%) have decreased BMD. Among the participants aged 60 years and above, 83.4% exhibited a decreased BMD status (osteopenia and osteoporosis), in contrast to the under 60 years age group, in which 40% displayed decreased BMD status. Older age (>60 years) is a risk factor for decreasing bone density onset of diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosis, duration of DM, glycemic control, body mass index (BMI), use of thiazolidinediones (TZD) drugs, kidney function, were not associated with lower BMD in T2DM patients.

Linear mixed-effects models and least confounded residuals in the modelling of Holstein calves’ performance

Some experimental studies are carried out considering a longitudinal feature. In view of this, the classical regression models are not able to handle with it, since the independence assumption between the observations is violated. To handle with this kind of data it was proposed the called linear mixed-effects models, where it is possible to model the response variable taking into account the correlation between the observations, and even between the response variables, when there are two or more of them in study, setting a bivariate or multivariate scenario, respectively. For the diagnosis of the linear mixed-effects models the least confounded residuals are quite recommended due to their lower bias in relation to other types of residuals, but it is not so used in the literature. Using a data set of dairy calves’ performance according to three different diets over eight weeks, the linear mixed-effects models theory under univariate and bivariate approach was applied alongside the least confounded residuals in the diagnosis of the model for both approaches. Comparing the univariate and bivariate approaches, the last one was more informative presenting lower standard errors’ values for its estimates, while the least confounded residuals was more efficient than the classical residuals present in the literature.

Validation of Patient Intrinsic Factors on Pre-Delay Coronary CT Scan Angiography (Coronary CTA) Bolus Tracking

Background: There is a variation in the pre-delay scan time on the Caronaria CTA tracking bolus examination, which give a constitution against the acquisition time and the contrast.Purpose: This study aims to determine the influence’s intrinsic factors on the pre-delay scan time.Method: Analytical research with a retrospective approach’s cross-sectional design measures independent variables: aortic diameter, systolic blood pressure, age, heart rate (HR), urea, creatinine, and body mass index (BMI). The dependent variables: the time pre-delay scan is performed simultaneously; its properties are momentary and observed under current conditions. Each object was observed three times, then the data normality and influence relationships between variables were analyzed with the bivariate and multivariate analysis approaches. Data was surveyed in June–August 2023 at a Hospital in Jakarta.Results: Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between aortic diameter and pre-delay scan time with a value r = 0,577, having a positive pattern, as well as having a dependency 33.3% with p = 0,000 significance. While a very strong relationship is indicated by systolic blood pressure with r = 0.534 value and positive patterns, has a dependence of 30.4% with p = 0.000 significance value. Other instrumental factors: creatinine and BMI have a moderate relationship with r = 0.308 and r = 0.338 and are positive with a determination coefficient of 0.095 and 0.115. Urea, age, and heart rate have r = 0.174, 0.200, and 0.116. The determination coefficient values are under 0.04.Conclusion: The intrinsic factors: aortic diameter, systolic pressure, creatinine, urea, age, and heart rate have influenced positive CTA scan delays although different determination coefficients.Keywords: CTA Coronarya, bolus tracking, pre-delay scan time, aortic diameter, systolic blood pressure.

The Correlation Between Behavioral and Psychological Factors with Booster Immunization Adherence for Children Aged <24 Months

Background: Immunization status is considered complete when children receive all antigens types as recommended, including booster immunization, ensuring optimal protection. The high level of non-adherence is the main obstacle to immunization programs, further added by the fact that the number of children who receive partial or no immunization remains high. This study aims to analyze the correlation between behavioral and psychological factors with booster immunization adherence in children aged <24 months.Method: A quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach. The population consists of parents with children aged 18-23 months, totaling a sample of 522 children. The data were collected through interviews using structured questionnaires, and observations using MCH-Book to measure booster immunization adherence. The collected data was analyzed through univariate, bivariate, and multivariate approaches with multiple logistic regression tests to identify the dominant variables.Results: Only 25.9% of children received two types of recommended booster vaccines (DPT/HB/HiB-4 and MR-2). Partially, behavioral factors that correlate with booster immunization adherence are knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about multiple injections, while psychological factors that correlate are motivation and basic immunization status. Experience with previous basic immunization status is the most dominant factor influencing booster immunization adherence. The fear of disease infection and trust in healthcare providers are the keys to a successful immunization. Need to increase motivation through strengthening literacy and improving access to and health service system to reduce hesitation about, distrust, and refusal of immunization, while also providing a positive immunization experience.

Hydrogeochemical characterization and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of fluoride and nitrate-affected groundwater in northern parts of Tumkur district, Karnataka, India

Groundwater contamination from geogenic and anthropogenic sources is a significant concern for the public health across the globe. In India, fluoride and nitrate contamination are the most prevalent contaminants in the groundwater. This study evaluated groundwater quality in four over-exploited sub-districts of Tumkur district in Karnataka by collecting 143 samples from post and pre-monsoon seasons and using different hydrogeochemical, statistical and bivariate graphical approaches. Comparison with Drinking Water Standard guidelines revealed elevated levels of fluoride, nitrate, and total dissolved solids (TDS), rendering the groundwater unsuitable for drinking. According to Chadha’s diagram, the predominant groundwater type is Na-Cl, and Gibbs diagram suggested the influence of rock dissolution and weathering. Bivariate plots indicated that hydrogeochemical characteristics were primarily influenced by silicate weathering of minerals, cation ion exchange processes, and anthropogenic factors. A non-carcinogenic health risk assessment was conducted using two different hazard index (HI) approaches from United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). It was found that health risk associated with fluoride is more significant than the health risk from nitrate, with children being the most affected, followed by adolescents and adults. A holistic approach to assess cumulative health risks from fluoride and nitrate contamination in groundwater, as demonstrated in this study, promotes the synergistic advancement of SDG 3: Good health and well-being and SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation.

Diabetes self-management education programs: Results from a nationwide population-based study on characteristics of participants, rating of programs and reasons for non-participation.

Population-based studies of reasons for not participating in diabetes self-management education (DSME) are scarce. Therefore, we investigated what sociodemographic and disease-related factors are associated with participation in DSME, the reasons for not participating in DSME and how participants evaluate DSME. We used data from the nationwide survey "Disease knowledge and information needs-Diabetes mellitus 2017", which included a total of 1396 participants diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (diabetes; n = 394 DSME-participants, n = 1002 DSME-never-participants). Analyses used weighted logistic or multinominal regression analyses with bivariate and multivariable approaches. Participants were more likely to attend DSME if they had a medium (OR 1.82 [95%CI 1.21-2.73]),or high (OR 2.04 [95%CI 1.30-3.21]) level of education, had type 1 diabetes (OR 2.46 [1.24-4.90]) and insulin treatment (OR 1.96 [95%CI 1.33-2.90]). Participants were less likely to attend DSME if they lived in East Germany (OR 0.57 [95%CI 0.39-0.83]), had diabetes for >2 to 5 years (OR 0.52 [95%CI 0.31-0.88] compared to >5 years), did not agree that diabetes is a lifelong disease (OR 0.30 [95%CI 0.15-0.62], had never been encouraged by their physician to attend DSME (OR 0.19 [95%CI 0.13-0.27]) and were not familiar with disease management programs (OR 0.67 [95%CI 0.47-0.96]). The main reasons for non-participation were participant's personal perception that DSME was not necessary (26.6%), followed by lack of recommendation from treating physician (25.7%) and lack of information on DSME (20.7%). DSME-participants found DSME more helpful if they had a medium educational level (OR 2.06 [95%CI 1.10-3.89] ref: low level of education) and less helpful if they were never encouraged by their treatment team (OR 0.46 [95%CI 0.26-0.82]). Professionals treating persons with diabetes should encourage their patients to attend DSME and underline that diabetes is a lifelong disease. Overall, the majority of DSME participants rated DSME as helpful.

Epidemiology of constipation and its associated factors in an ageing population of people with an intellectual disability in Ireland: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Background: Constipation impacts health-related quality of life with a burden similar to other chronic conditions. This study characterises the prevalence of constipation and its associated factors in older adults with intellectual disability. Methods: Data from the Intellectual Disability Supplement of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing was analysed using bivariate and multivariate approaches. Results: Constipation affected 43.5% of this cohort and was more common in females, those in residential settings, and those with a severe/profound level of intellectual disability. The type of residence, level of intellectual disability, a low fat diet, high cholesterol, multimorbidity and, physical activity predicted constipation status with 67.7% accuracy. Physical activity was associated with lower constipation prevalence, where minimal activity was sufficient to observe this effect. Conclusions: Constipation is a common health concern in older people with intellectual disability. This analysis reveals characteristics that should inform the careful monitoring of bowel health in this population.

A study of risk factors for breast cancer in Al-Anbar province: a case- control study

Background: Globally, breast cancer is a widespread malignancy among women, ranking as the second leading cause of female mortality. This study investigates risk factors for breast cancer in AL-Anbar province, Iraq, emphasizing their significance in disease development. Methods: An investigation was carried out at Al-Anbar Cancer Center in Al-Anbar province, Iraq, employing a case-control design. The study comprised 60 confirmed breast cancer cases and 120 controls without breast issues. Data was collected through direct interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire, and subsequent analyses included descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate approaches. Results: About 48.0% aged 41-49, and 25% aged 50-59. Case and control groups were matched in age, but varied in marital, education, occupation, menopausal status. Women with benign breast diseases have a 1.7 times higher breast cancer risk (OR=1.7, CI=0.063-4.53). Positive family history triples the risk (OR=3, CI=1.21-7.80, P=0.002), and the sedentary lifestyle exhibits 5 times higher risk of breast cancer (OR=5.67, CI=2.89-4.13, P < 0.001). Menstrual age, parity, and reproductive factors influence breast cancer risk. Menarche at ≤12 years triples the risk (OR=3.05, CI=1.82-5.05, P<0.001), while menarche at ≥16 decreases it (OR=0.89, CI=0.06-5.12, P<0.001). Nulliparity increases risk 2.1 times (OR=2.1, CI=0.8-4.89, P=0.002), and more live births provide significant protection. Preterm delivery before the eighth month triples the risk (OR=2.9, CI=1.32-6.53, P=0.002). Multiple children prevent breast cancer, while mother's age at first full birth ≥30 raises the risk 3.5 times (OR=3.4, CI=1.45-7.88, P=0.014). Women who never breastfed had a significant twofold higher risk of breast cancer (OR=2, CI=0.8-4.38, P=0.003). Postmenopausal women at ≥50 years faced a threefold higher risk than their counterparts (OR=3.25, CI=1-1.11, P=0.004). Hormonal use showed a marginal risk increase (OR=1.2, CI=0.5-1.8, P<0.001). Conclusion: Breast cancer susceptibility arises from diverse factors like genetics, nutrition, environment, and lifestyle. Effectively managing and preventing breast cancer involves implementing strategic control measures.

Project Feasibility Studies and Sustainability of Government Supported Projects in Uganda

The study investigated the impact of project feasibility studies on the sustainability of government-supported projects in Uganda using a case study of Parish Development Model in Kabale District. Project feasibility studies were an independent variable, while sustainability of government-supported projects was a dependent variable. Before the study started, a cross-sectional survey was done. 120 people participated in our survey, and we blended quantitative and qualitative analyses. The analysis was conducted on three separate levels and included descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate approaches. Because the descriptive analysis required the presentation of just one variable and its properties, frequency tables were used to illustrate the data. A Pearson correlation matrix was used to analyze the bivariate correlations between the dependent variable and the predictor components. At the multivariate level, the dependent variable was regressed against the updated predictor factors (sustainability of government project). The data were examined using a linear regression model. Regression analysis results show that parish development models in Kabale District are more effective when participatory projects are implemented (coef = -0.715, p-value = 0.000). The main finding of this study is that project feasibility studies have a substantial impact on a parish development model project's sustainability. Parish Development Model initiators should focus more on including project beneficiaries in feasibility studies through project applicability, relevance, reliability, and acceptance to ensure the sustainability of all government-funded projects.

Exploring the interplay between frontline employees’ humour styles in service encounters

ABSTRACT One question that needs to be asked in understanding the consequences of humour in service encounters is whether the prevalent bivariate approaches capture the full range of humour consequences. Therefore, this study examines the influence of frontline employees’ (FLEs) combined use of affiliative and self-defeating humour on customers’ perceptions of service quality in 268 service encounters. Bivariate results show that the positive effect of affiliative humour is much stronger than the negative effect of self-defeating humour. On the contrary, response surface analyses show that bad may be stronger than good. FLEs’ humour use is particularly advantageous with customers who appreciate humour, while for those who do not, there is an optimal margin effect when affiliative humour exceeds self-defeating humour.

Body Image and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review

This systematic review aimed to synthesize the existing literature on body image dissatisfaction among women undergoing breast cancer treatment, its prevalence, associated factors, and potential interventions. A comprehensive search was conducted in multiple electronic databases up to April 2023. This systematic review identified 194 articles initially, with 168 unique articles remaining after removing duplicates. After screening titles and abstracts, 107 articles were excluded based on eligibility criteria, leaving 61 articles for further evaluation. Finally, 14 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis after excluding 47 articles. A total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 1,031 female breast cancer survivors undergoing active treatment or follow-up care. The studies utilized cross-sectional, cohort, qualitative, and interventional designs. Body image dissatisfaction was measured using validated scales, and statistical analyses included bivariate and multivariate approaches. The studies included female breast cancer survivors aged 18 to 75 years, who had undergone breast cancer treatment and were either undergoing active treatment or in follow-up care. Participants were excluded if they were male, non-breast cancer populations, had not received any form of breast cancer treatment, or were diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. Studies not published in English were also excluded from this systematic review. The prevalence of body image dissatisfaction ranged from 56.8% to 92%. Significant associations were found with receiving multi-professional follow-up and returning to employment after treatment. Factors such as surgical procedures, chemotherapy, time since treatment completion, dispositional gratitude, and coping strategies influenced body image perceptions. The review highlights the impact of body image dissatisfaction on various aspects of quality of life and calls for the implementation of interventions to improve the well-being of breast cancer survivors. Future research should focus on culturally tailored approaches to address this concern effectively.

On safe offshore energy exploration in the Gulf of Eilat

AbstractGulf of Eilat is rich with energy resources, however any industrial natural resource development requires additional safety, as local eco‐system has to be preserved. In contrast to bivariate reliability approaches, known to their accurate predictions of extreme response and load levels for two‐dimensional dynamic systems, this study suggests and validates novel structural reliability method, which is being appropriate method for high‐dimensional dynamic systems. Conventional reliability methods do not have an advantage of dealing easily with high‐dimensional nonlinear dynamic systems, especially with non‐linear cross‐correlations between different system components. Advocated approach does not have limitations on the system's number of degrees of freedom, and it can accurately assess dynamic system's failure risks. Main purpose of this study was to benchmark state‐of‐the‐art reliability methodology, while utilizing available dataset efficiently. Note that advocated approach is not limited to offshore engineering example, studied here, and it has wide range of potential engineering and design applications.

English

This study sought to determine the impact of resource mobilization by stakeholders on the viability of government-funded agricultural initiatives, using a case study of the Kabale area. The lack of stakeholder participation in resource mobilization and decision-making has an influence on the long-term viability of donor-funded potato projects in the Kabale district. This study required a prior study of the cross-sectional survey in order to lead to expected outcomes. 75 respondents provided information, and we integrated quantitative and qualitative analysis. The analysis, which was conducted at three separate levels, utilized descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate approaches. The descriptive analysis required the presentation of just one variable and its properties, frequency tables were used to illustrate the data. A Pearson correlation matrix was used to analyze the bivariate correlations between the dependent variable and the predictor components.  At the multivariate level, the dependent variable was regressed against the updated predictor factors of sustainability of government projects. The results of a regression analysis showed that resource mobilization from stakeholders has a positive impact on the effectiveness of potato initiatives in Kabale District (coef = -0.890, p-value = 0.000). The main finding of this study is that resource mobilization by stakeholders has a substantial impact on the sustainability of potato projects. The study recommends putting greater attention on implementing stakeholder resource mobilization by defining the provision of capital, human resources, and availability of land in order to assure the sustainability of potato projects.   Key words: Stakeholders, resource mobilization, sustainability, and donors funded potato projects, Kabale District, Uganda.

English

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of participatory project design on project success in a government-funded project in Uganda, a case study of Parish Development in Kabale District. A cross-sectional survey was done. 75 respondents provided information, and we integrated quantitative and qualitative analysis. The analysis was conducted on three separate levels and included descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate approaches. The bivariate correlations between the dependent variable and the predictor components were examined using a Pearson correlation matrix. The dependent variable was regressed against the revised predictor factors at the multivariate level (project success). An analysis of the data was done using a linear regression model. Results of the regression analysis demonstrate that participatory project design has a beneficial effect on the effectiveness of parish development models in the Kabale District (coef = -0.780, p-value = 0.000). The main conclusion of this study is that parish development model project success in Kabale district is significantly influenced by participatory project design. In order to guarantee the sustainability of the project success of the parish development model, the study suggests that more emphasis should be placed on adopting participatory project design through defining project goals, determining results, identifying risks and constraints, and refining project strategy.   Key words: Project design, project success and parish development model.

Hubungan Iklim Keselamatan dengan Kekerasan di Tempat Kerja pada Perawat di Rumah Sakit Pemerintah Provinsi Aceh

This study aims to explore the relationship between overtime and workplace violence (WPV) against nurses in the Government Hospital of Aceh Province. The research method employed is quantitative with a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from RSUD Aceh during the period of May 31 to June 14, 2022. Out of 161 respondents, 127 nurses successfully participated, resulting in a response rate of 78.9%. Sampling was conducted using a total sampling technique, involving nurses working in the emergency room, pediatric ward, pediatric surgery ward, male internal medicine ward, and internal medicine ward at the Government Hospital of Aceh Province. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate approaches. The study found a significant relationship between overtime and psychological violence against nurses in RSUD Aceh (p=0.000). However, no significant relationship was found between physical violence among nurses at RSUD Aceh (p=0.290). In conclusion, overtime work is associated with the occurrence of psychological/non-physical violence against nurses working in the Government Hospital of Aceh Province.
 
 Keywords: WPV, Overtime, Nursing

Anaerobic digestion using cocoa residues as substrate: Systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review analyses the potential of cocoa residues for energy conversion using anaerobic digestion and evaluates strategies for optimizing methane production yields, retrieving information from papers published on anaerobic digestion of cocoa residues in journals indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases. The articles were selected according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. The effects of operational and compositional variables were evaluated by multivariate (PCA) and bivariate (correlation) statistics. A total of twenty-two studies were selected for this systematic review, and five of them were considered for meta-analysis. This search evidenced a lack of studies on the anaerobic digestion of cocoa residues, leading to, for example, high heterogeneity in methane yields between studies (163 to 382 mL CH4 gVS−1). Operational and compositional conditions in the anaerobic digestion were comparable (statistically significant correlations), and anaerobic digestion was considered efficient in the treatment of cocoa residues. In the meta-analysis, optimizing strategies did not significantly affect methane yields. Nonetheless, pretreatment using organic solvents can lead to inhibitory effects on the process. Anaerobic co-digestion can be considered a satisfactory strategy depending on the origin of the co-substrate. In conclusion, this review has worldwide relevance for the waste treatment sector and regarding the search for sustainable energy alternatives. To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first one that used quantitative methods such as multivariate bivariate statistical approaches and meta-analysis to answer questions related to the energy conversion of cocoa residues using anaerobic digestion.