Bisphenol A In Food Samples Research Articles

Development of ternary hybrid composites of transition metal and noble metal-based heterostructures: Ultrasensitive simultaneous electrochemical detection of bisphenol A and bisphenol S in food samples

Bisphenols threaten human health and sensitive detection is crucial. The present study aims to develop ternary composites of copper metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) with AuAg microstructures. The composite structure was formed by a galvanic displacement reaction and confirmed using SEM. A binder-free catalyst was used to study the electrochemical redox reaction of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS); an irreversible cyclic voltammetric signal at +0.70 V and + 0.91 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), in the dynamic range of 20 nM to 2.0 mM, and 10 nM to 1.0 mM, with limits of detection of 2.9 nM, and 3.2 nM (S/N = 3) was obtained. Practical analysis was applied to frozen tomatoes, tuna fish, milk powder, PET bottles, raw milk, and urine samples with a recovery rate of 94.00–100.80% (n = 3). Voltammetric results were validated using HPLC detection with high precision. The sensor is a promising alternative platform for measuring BPA in food samples.

Bisphenol A detection based on nano gold-doped molecular imprinting electrochemical sensor with enhanced sensitivity.

A facile electrochemical sensor based on nano gold-doped molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was proposed to realize the selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA) with enhanced sensitivity. Initially, gold-doped MIP (Au@MIP) film was constructed by electropolymerizing p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and BPA with in situ gold reduction to distribute gold nanoparticles nearby the imprinted cavities. Subsequently, the template molecules were further extracted from the polymer film, then the MIP could rebind with the template molecules to achieve specific detection of BPA. The nano gold-doped MIP increased the effective surface area and promoted conductivity when BPA was oxidized in the imprinted cavities, which improved the determination sensitivity. Under optimal conditions, the prepared sensor displayed a linear range from 0.5 to 100μM for BPA detection with a detection limit of 52nM. The designed sensor was further used to detect BPA in food samples, obtaining satisfactory recoveries from 96.7% to 107.6%.

Development of Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor Based on Chitosan/MWCNTs-AuPtPd Nanocomposites for Detection of Bisphenol A

An electrochemical sensor based on AuPtPd trimetallic nanoparticles functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes coupled with chitosan modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE/CS/MWCNTs-AuPtPd) was proposed for the rapid detection of bisphenol A (BPA). AuPtPd trimetallic nanoparticles were first assembled on MWCNTs to obtain MWCNTs-AuPtPd nanocomposite. Then, the MWCNTs-AuPtPd was further dispersed on the chitosan-modified electrode surface to fabricate the GCE/CS/MWCNTs-AuPtPd sensor. Due to the superior catalytic properties of MWCNTs-AuPtPd and the good film formation of chitosan, the constructed sensor displayed good performances for BPA detection. The structural morphology of CS/MWCNTs-AuPtPd was characterized in many ways, such as SEM, TEM and UV-vis. The designed sensor showed a linear relationship in concentration range from 0.05 to 100 µM for BPA detecting, and the detection limit was 1.4 nM. The GCE/CS/MWCNTs-AuPtPd was further used to realize the detection of BPA in food samples, and the recovery was between 94.4% and 103.6%. Those results reflected that the electrochemical sensor designed by CS/MWCNTs-AuPtPd nanocomposites was available, which could be used for the monitoring of food safety.

Synthesis of perovskite-type potassium niobate using deep eutectic solvents: A promising electrode material for detection of bisphenol A

This study demonstrates a hydrothermal method to prepare perovskite-type potassium niobate (KNbO3) through deep eutectic solvent (DES), which is further used as an electrode material for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA). The as-synthesized KNbO3 was systematically characterized by different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The KNbO3-modified electrode demonstrates excellent electrocatalytic activity for BPA compared to the pristine electrode. The enhanced performance of the proposed sensor is attributed to the numerous active sites, large electrochemical surface area, high electrical conductivity, and rapid electron transfer. The fabricated sensor shows a wide detection range (0.01–84.3 μM), a low limit of detection (0.003 μM), a high sensitivity (0.51 μA μM−1 cm−2), and good anti-interference abilities towards the BPA detection by linear sweep voltammetry method. Besides, it was successfully applied to determining BPA in food samples, demonstrating good practicability. This design paves a new way to fabricate efficient electrode material for various electrochemical applications using a DES medium.

Synthesis of N-rGO-MWCNT/CuCrO2 Catalyst for the Bifunctional Application of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Electrochemical Detection of Bisphenol-A

A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) coated with delafossite CuCrO2 loading on the nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) composite (N-rGO-MWCNT/CuCrO2) was applied to the hydrogen evolution reaction and Bisphenol-A (BPA) detection. First, the N-rGO-MWCNT composite was prepared by in situ chemical reduction with caffeic acid as a reducing agent. Then, CuCrO2 was accumulated on the N-rGO-MWCNT surface to form N-rGO-MWCNT/CuCrO2 composite. The morphology structure of the N-rGO-MWCNT/ CuCrO2 composite was analyzed by different characterization techniques. Besides, the GCE/N-rGO-MWCNT/CuCrO2 composite electrode was investigated for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which shows an excellent electrocatalytic activity with a low over-potential, increasing reduction current, and a small Tafel slope of 62 mV·dec−1 at 10 mA·cm−2 with long-term stability. Moreover, the electrochemical determination of BPA was in the range of 0.1-110 µM, and low detection limit of 0.033 µM (S/N = 3) with a higher sensitivity of 1.3726 µA µM−1 cm−2. Furthermore, the prepared GCE/N-rGO-MWCNT/CuCrO2 electrode shows effective detection of BPA in food samples with acceptable recoveries. Hence, the finding of GCE/N-rGO-MWCNT/CuCrO2 can be observed as an impressive catalyst to the electrocatalytic activity of HER and BPA oxidation.

Determination of bisphenol a migration from food packaging by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction

In the current work, a rapid and simple dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method (DLLME) was used to determine Bisphenol A (BPA). High performance liquid chromatography with the photodiode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) coupled DLLME method was employed to analyze BPA in food samples packaged including cans, paper boxes, and glass jars. The calibration curve was obtained to be in the linear range 0.009–25 ngg−1 with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9981. The mean relative standard deviations (RSDs) was of 5.2% (n = 3). The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method were obtained to be 0.001 ngg−1 and 0.08 ng.g−1, respectively.In sum, this method presents:•A rapid, simple and efficient modified DLLME method was used to measure BPA in packaged foods.•The advantages of this method were low detection limit, fast preparation, and high BPA recovery.•The DLLME-HPLC method consists of low detection limit and high recoveries to determine BPA in samples.•The results indicated that DLLME –HPLC-DAD was an applied method to measure BPA in food samples.

A new electrochemical aptasensor based on MWCNT-SiO2@Au core-shell nanocomposite for ultrasensitive detection of bisphenol A

Detection and quantitation of bisphenol A (BPA) level in food samples and environment are of great significance. In this research work, a new electrochemical aptasensor was developed for ultrasensitive detection of BPA, based on MWCNT/SiO2@Au nanocomposite. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation was carried out in order to better understand the interaction between the target molecules and the aptamer from molecular point of view. The detection strategy of the proposed electrochemical aptasensor, is based on [Fe (CN)6]3-/4- as a label free redox probe. In the absence of BPA molecules, the aptamers remain unfold so that the long tunnels for receiving the [Fe (CN)6]3-/4- redox probe are formed at the surface of the electrode. But, upon addition of BPA molecules, strong interactions between the BPA molecules and the aptamer are occurred. Therefore, the entrance of the tunnels is closed which results in a hard electron exchange between the redox probe and the electrode surface. Therefore, the electrochemical signal is decreased in the presence of BPA molecules. The proposed electrochemical aptasensor shows a high selectivity toward BPA molecules with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 10 pM. The fabricated electrochemical aptasensor was successfully applied for detection of BPA in food samples.

Nanostructured Sensor for Simultaneous Determination of Trace Amounts of Bisphenol A and Vitamin B6 in Food Samples

Rapid analysis of health hazardous materials is necessary to prevent foodborne illness in food control science. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the potentially hazardous materials that may potentially create adverse health effects, if its concentration level in food is not controlled. In this work, carbon paste electrode has been modified with CdO nanoparticles and ionic liquid (IL/CdO/CPE) for determination of BPA in food samples. In addition, vitamin B6 (B6) has separated oxidation peak at modified electrode and simultaneous determination of BPA and B6 is possible. The square wave voltammetric peak currents of BPA and B6 at IL/CdO/CPE have linear relation to their concentrations in the range of 0.01 to 800 μmol L−1 BPA and 0.4 to 500 μmol L−1 B6. Selectivity of the modified electrode was studied, and it was successfully applied for analysis of food samples.

A highly sensitive and specific capacitive aptasensor for rapid and label-free trace analysis of Bisphenol A (BPA) in canned foods

A rapid, highly sensitive, specific and low-cost capacitive affinity biosensor is presented here for label-free and single step detection of Bisphenol A (BPA). The sensor design allows rapid prototyping at low-cost using printed circuit board material by benchtop equipment. High sensitivity detection is achieved through the use of a BPA-specific aptamer as probe molecule and large electrodes to enhance AC-electroelectrothermal effect for long-range transport of BPA molecules toward electrode surface. Capacitive sensing technique is used to determine the bounded BPA level by measuring the sample/electrode interfacial capacitance of the sensor. The developed biosensor can detect BPA level in 20s and exhibits a large linear range from 1 fM to 10 pM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 152.93 aM. This biosensor was applied to test BPA in canned food samples and could successfully recover the levels of spiked BPA. This sensor technology is demonstrated to be highly promising and reliable for rapid, sensitive and on-site monitoring of BPA in food samples.

Liquid phase determination of bisphenol A in food samples using novel nanostructure ionic liquid modified sensor

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a structural component in polycarbonate beverage bottles that can be released in food samples. So, we focus for preparation of a novel voltammetric sensor in BPA determination. Towards this aim, a fast and sensitive voltammetric sensor based on the use of NiO/CNT nanocomposite/ionic liquid carbon paste electrode (NiO/CNT/IL/CPE) is proposed for the determination of BPA. The proposed sensor exhibited a good electro-catalytic activity towards the electro-oxidation of BAP, which can be confirmed by the increased peak current and the decreased peak potential when compared with the unmodified electrode. The linear response range and detection limit were found to be 0.08–500μM and 0.04μM, respectively. The suggested sensor was successfully applied for the voltammetric determination of BPA in food samples with satisfactory results.

A new strategy for determination of bisphenol A in the presence of Sudan I using a ZnO/CNTs/ionic liquid paste electrode in food samples

The electrochemistry of bisphenol A (BPA) was studied by voltammetric methods at a surface of carbon paste electrode modified by a ZnO/CNTs nanocomposite and room-temperature ionic liquid of 1,3-dipropylimidazolium bromide. The ratio of ZnO/CNTs and ionic liquid (IL) on the surface of the electrode has to be controlled carefully because the charging currents. The anodic peaks of BPA and Sudan I in their mixture can be well separated. At pH 7.0 the two peaks are separated ca. 0.47 and 0.70V, respectively; hence BPA can be determined in the presence of Sudan I and more than 8.7 times current excess of BPA. The peaks current of square wave voltammograms (SWV) of BPA and Sudan I increased linearly with their concentration in the ranges of 0.002–700μmolL−1BPA and 0.2–800μmolL−1Sudan I. The detection limits for BPA and Sudan I were 9.0nmolL−1 and 80nmolL−1, respectively. The modified electrode has been successfully applied for the assay of BPA in food samples. This study provides a simple and easy approach to selectively detect BPA in the presence of Sudan I.