Doped Bismuth Research Articles

Developing advanced oxygen electrodes for reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells via controlled bismuth doping on diverse perovskite lattice positions

The development of reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (R-PCECs) is hampered by insufficient oxygen electrode activity. This study addresses this challenge by introducing bismuth (Bi) into different lattice sites (A-site, B-site, or both) of Ba(Co0.7Fe0.3)0.85Ta0.15O3-δ (BCFT) to develop novel oxygen electrode materials. Extensive characterizations and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that introducing Bi onto the B-site promotes oxygen vacancy formation and hydration, facilitates proton transportation and improves oxygen exchange ability, leading to the enhanced catalytic activity. In contrast, Bi on the A-site hinders performance. R-PCEC using Ba(Co0.7Fe0.3)0.75Bi0.10Ta0.15O3-δ (B-BCFT) oxygen electrode achieves exceptional performance in fuel cell (1.485 W cm−2 at 650 °C) and electrolysis modes (−1.839 A cm−2 at 1.4 V and 650 °C). Notably, B-BCFT demonstrates outstanding operational stability, lasting for 150 h in both modes and enduring 35 cycles of reversible operation. These results make B-BCFT a promising oxygen electrode material candidate for R-PCECs.

Impact of Bismuth Doping on the Structural, Optical, and Photocatalytic Characteristics of Hydrothermally Synthesized LaPO4 Nanoparticles

Impact of Bismuth Doping on the Structural, Optical, and Photocatalytic Characteristics of Hydrothermally Synthesized LaPO4 Nanoparticles

Bismuth doping unlocks stability of copper oxides in anodic reaction: A case analysis of glucose electrooxidation

The instability of transition metal oxides during long-term electrolysis significantly impedes their application in various electrochemical reactions. This study demonstrates an interfacial doping strategy utilizing bismuth to enhance the stability of CuO catalyst during glucose electrooxidation in alkaline media. This methodology reduces activity decay from 55% to 6% after 8 h of electrolysis, lowering charge transfer resistance without compromising the intrinsic catalytic activity of the Cu sites. The enhanced stability can be attributed to the formation of a Cu−O−Bi interface on the catalyst surface, which mitigates the interfacial Cu dissolution, as evidenced by in situ electrochemical impedance analysis. These findings underscore the potential efficacy of bismuth doping strategies in advancing the development of robust and efficient catalysts for anodic catalysis. Furthermore, this research highlights the prospect of employing main group metals as dopants in transition metal oxides, thereby expanding the horizon of possibilities in catalyst design.

Triple synergistic effects of bismuth doping in spinel-LiMn2O4: A path to high-performance electrochemical lithium extraction from salt-lake brine

The electrochemical extraction of lithium-ion from salt-lake brine has attracted significant global interest due to the rising requirement for lithium resources. The electrochemical extraction system based on LiMn2O4 has emerged as one of the most promising methods for commercial lithium extraction. However, the dissolution of manganese in LiMn2O4 material, caused by the Jahn-Teller effect, poses a significant obstacle to achieving large lithium extraction capacity and long lifespan simultaneously. In this study, we addressed the issue by incorporating Bi3+ into the material. The resulted LMBO material displays a truncated octahedral morphology, with {100} crystal faces facilitating Li+ diffusion. Additionally, Bi3+-doping inhibits the Jahn-Teller effect and expands the Li+ diffusion pathway, thereby, enhancing the stability and Li+ diffusion rate of LMO. In particular, LMBO-2 material exhibits an excellent lithium ion diffusion rate of 2.03 × 10−9 cm2·s−1, and demonstrates outstanding Li+ release efficiency, which reaches 26.46 mg·g−1 per cycle with an average energy consumption of 2.04 Wh·mol−1 in the 30 mmol⋅L−1 simulated salt-lake brine. In simulated Zabuye brine solution, LMBO//Ag system displayed an admirably release capacity of 26.17 mg·g−1 characterized by an ultra-low Li/Na ratio, with Li/Na ratio in recovery solution reaching as high as 0.54. These significant findings advance practical applications of LiMn2O4 in brine lithium extraction processes.

Ultrahigh Stability and Operation Performance in Bi-doped GeTe/Sb2Te3 Superlattices Achieved by Tailoring Bonding and Structural Properties.

Changes in bond types and the reversible switching process between metavalent and covalent bonds are related to the operating mechanism of the phase-change (PC) behavior. Thus, controlling the bonding characteristics is the key to improving the PC memory performance. In this study, we have controlled the bonding characteristics of GeTe/Sb2Te3 superlattices (SLs) via bismuth (Bi) doping. The incorporation of Bi into the GeTe sublayers tailors the metavalent bond. We observed significant improvement in device reliability, set speed, and power consumption induced upon increasing Bi incorporation. The introduction of Bi was found to suppress the change in density between the SET and RESET states, resulting in a significant increase in device reliability. The reduction in Peierls distortion, leading to a more octahedral-like atomic arrangement, intensifies electron-phonon coupling with increased bond polarizability, which are responsible for the fast set speed and low power consumption. This study demonstrates how the structural and thermodynamic changes in phase change materials alter phase change characteristics due to systematic changes of bonding and provides an important methodology for the development of PC devices.

Research on optical properties of Eu3+ doped bismuth silicate crystals based on first principles

This paper is based on the first principles of density functional theory and uses the virtual crystal approximation method to calculate and analyze the optical properties of differently proportioned Eu3+-doped Bismuth silicate (Bi4Si3O12, or BSO). The results show that minor Eu3+ doping (1/12–1/3) improves the polarization ability of BSO and reduces energy loss. Additionally, doping an appropriate amount of Eu3+ (1/12–1/3) can improve light absorption and transmission of BSO to some extent. That is to say, Eu3+ doping improves the response of BSO to infrared light, and the absorption capacity in the ultraviolet and visible light regions is also enhanced. The theoretical research in this paper elucidates the changes in the optical properties of BSO after doping with Eu3+, providing a theoretical basis for expanding its application as a scintillation crystal in high-energy physics experiments, nuclear medicine, and other fields.

Bismuth doping for enhanced physical and electrochemical properties of CuO–ZnO thin films for complete degradation of Rifampicin and other antibiotics alongside organic dyes

In the current Study, undoped and bismuth doped CuO + ZnO coupled oxide thin films were meticulously deposited on glass substrates utilizing the spray pyrolysis technique. The effect of bismuth doping level in the structural, morphological, optical, electrical and electrochemical properties of these thin films were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns unequivocally confirmed the polycrystalline nature of the films, showcasing a combination of monoclinic CuO and hexagonal wurtzite ZnO phases. Furthermore, at a doping level of 8 %, the presence of the bismuth phase was observed, indicating its incorporation into the CuO–ZnO matrix. As the bismuth doping level increased, we observed a noticeable improvement in crystallinity and grain size. The distinctive characteristics of the developed thin films underscored a discernible enhancement in physical and electrochemical properties with the increase of bismuth doping level. Subsequently, The 8 % bismuth-doped CuO–ZnO thin films exhibit remarkable efficiency in degrading pharmaceutical compounds. Specifically, within a mere 2-h timeframe, these films demonstrate an exceptional degradation efficiency of 99 % towards Rifampicin, a widely used antibiotic. Moreover, their efficacy extends to other pharmaceutical pollutants, showcasing a significant degradation of 77 % for Ampicillin, an antibiotic commonly used to treat bacterial infections, and an even more substantial degradation of 90 % for Rhodamine B, a prominent dye compound. This underscores the promising potential of 8 % bismuth-doped CuO–ZnO thin films in addressing environmental and health-related challenges associated with pharmaceutical contaminants.

Formation of Bismuth Doped Cerium Oxide Nanopowder with Thermal Stability and UV Absorption Properties

Formation of Bismuth Doped Cerium Oxide Nanopowder with Thermal Stability and UV Absorption Properties

Preparation of Manganese Doped Bismuth Oxide for the photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

The current study describes a unique method for degrading methylene blue dye utilizing Mn-doped Bi2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) exposed to UV light. Bi2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) doped with Mn were produced using a hydrothermal process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and were use to characterize the prepared nanoparticles. It was discovered that the band gaps of Mn/ Bi2O3 NPs are 2%, 3%, and 4%, respectively, and are 4.13 eV, 3.92 eV, and 3.77 eV. Functional group identification using Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Mn-doped Bi2O3 nanoparticles were captured in SEM pictures at various magnifications, and the photos clearly display the particles' dual morphologies, cubic and cylindrical. The Mn-doped Bi2O3 particles were found to be crystalline, with mean diameters of 20 nm, according to the XRD data. The photodegradation efficiency of Mn/Bi2O3 at experimental dye concentrations of 2%, 3%, and 4% was determined to be 90.29, 91.6, and 93.16 percent, respectively, over a 150 minute time interval. At the ideal catalyst dosage of 0.2 g and concentration of 40 ppm, a high percentage of dye degradation was observed. Numerous metals have been doped into zinc oxides, although no work has documented doping of Bi2O3 with Mn. Additionally, it was utilized for the first time to look at the deterioration of Methylene Blue dye.

Solvothermal synthesis of crystalline 2D bismuth telluride with an isoelectronic dopant

In this work, we present a solvothermal, in situ doping methodology for synthesizing crystalline doped 2D bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanoplates. Isoelectronic antimony (Sb) substitution at the bismuth (Bi) site is chosen to minimize the lattice strain in the nanostructure. Using a combination of x-ray techniques and electron microscopy, we demonstrate that the rhombohedral crystal structure (space group R3̄m), characteristic of Bi2Te3 is preserved in few-quintuple-layer, hexagonal nanoplates. Our findings reveal a uniform dispersion of Sb within the nanoplates up to an atomic concentration of 1%. Beyond this threshold, a disordered SbTe alloy begins to form along the crystal edges in addition to Sb substitution at the Bi sites in the bulk, restricting further growth of the nanoplates. In addition, we examine the different stresses that develop within the nanoplates as lattice strain increases due to Sb substitution. This study provides fundamental insights into the dopant’s effect on the self-assembled growth of electronically relevant 2D crystals.

Improving Photoelectrochemical Activity of a Silver Sulfide-Based Photoelectrode by Bismuth Doping for Hydrogen Evolution from Industrial Waste Water

Improving Photoelectrochemical Activity of a Silver Sulfide-Based Photoelectrode by Bismuth Doping for Hydrogen Evolution from Industrial Waste Water

Synthesis Bi2O3/gC3N4 heterostructures: Investigation structural, morphological and photocatalytic activity towards methylene blue and rhodamine B

Waste from various dyes as a result of industrial development is an important source of pollutants for water resources; These wastes are frequently carcinogenic, mutagenic and toxic to aquatic life, so treating wastewater is vitally important. Photocatalytic purification is a popular method because it can break down dye molecules and change them into non-toxic, small and harmless species. Moreover, utilizing the power of sunlight, this technology holds significant promise for enabling environmentally friendly, sustainable, and economically viable technologies. The non-toxic polymeric photocatalyst graphitic carbon nitride (gC3N4) is an n-type semiconductor. Its facile and economical synthesis, effective band structure, and stability make it a popular option for photocatalytic investigations. It is crucial to develop nanocomposites to boost the capacity of materials for photocatalysis. The objective of this study is to fabricate nanocomposites of graphitic carbon nitride from thiourea, incorporating varying ratios of bismuth oxide through thermal condensation. The aim is to employ these composites for the catalytic degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (Rh B) dyes. The synthesized samples' morphological and structural characteristics were studied. Their photocatalytic activity against methylene blue and rhodamine B dyes has also been reported. The Bi2O3/gC3N4 heterostructured samples were prepared considering bismuth nitrate and thiourea at weight ratios of 0.125:10, 0.25:10, and 0.5:10. In the study, the Bi2O3/gC3N4 heterostructured sample with the lowest bismuth doping rate was seen to have the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency. A remarkable degradation rate, reaching 98.83 % within 70 min for MB and 98.59 % within 60 min for RhB dye was observed. The enhanced photocatalytic activities of the synthesized composite can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the heterostructure developed between graphitic carbon nitride and bismuth oxide. As a result, this study has shown promise that Bi2O3/gC3N4 composite photocatalysts can be an effective material for removing dyes.

Effect of bismuth doping on electrodeposition, physicochemical properties and electrocatalytic activity of lead dioxide electrodes

The bismuth (Bi)-doped PbO2 electrodes were electrodeposited from a nitric plating solution containing Pb (II) and Bi (III) ions by varying the concentrations of Bi (III). Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the effect of Bi (III) ions on the kinetics of PbO2 electrodeposition. It is observed that increasing Bi (III) ions in the plating solution reduces the rate of nucleation or formation of PbO2 but does not change the process mechanism. X-ray diffraction confirms that the incorporation of bismuth results in an apparent β (301) texture. Scanning electron microscopic observation reveals that the size of the PbO2-deposit particles gradually decreases by several micrometers as the doping content of Bi (III) increases from 2 to 6 mM. Linear scanning voltammograms show that the oxygen overpotential on Bi-PbO2 is much higher than on undoped PbO2 electrodes. Electrochemical degradation of the target pollutant was performed, and HPLC analysis demonstrated that Bi doping significantly improves the electrocatalytic ability of PbO2 electrodes.

Synergistic enhancement of thermoelectric performance of n-type PbTe by resonant level and single-atom-layer vacancies

Modulating electrical and thermal transport through zero-dimensional point defects and one-dimensional dislocations are extensively investigated. However, the systematic study of exploring single-atom-layer vacancies for improving thermoelectric (TE) performance remains rare. In this study, we modulate the number density of single-atom-layer two-dimensional (2D) Te vacancies in lead telluride (PbTe) for the first time through bismuth and indium doping. DFT calculations reveal (Bi, In) co-doping lowers the formation energy of such defects, confirming the feasibility of this method. 2D Te vacancies simultaneously enhance phonon scattering and evoke bond softening, significantly lowering the lattice thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, indium doping generates resonant level in the energy band, which increases the carrier concentration without deteriorating the Seebeck coefficient drastically. As a result, a peak TE figure of merit (zT) of ∼1.6 and an average zT (zTavg) of 1.17 are achieved in the (Bi, In) co-doped PbTe. Furthermore, a high conversion efficiency of 6.5 % is obtained for the fabricated 2-pair module at a temperature difference of 500 K.

Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Activity and CO2 Tolerance by a Bismuth Doping Strategy for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes

AbstractLayered perovskite related oxides, LnBaCo2O5+δ (Ln = rare‐earth element) are potential ceramic cathodes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Herein, a simple way to tune the performance of NdBaCo2O5+δ (NBC) perovskite as a cathode by doping the Co‐site with bismuth cation is reported. Compared with the parent oxide, the obtained stabilized double perovskites NdBaCo2−xBixO5+δ (x = 0.1 and 0.2) show a much improved electrocatalytic activity, achieving area‐specific resistance of 0.268, 0.107 and 0.152 Ω cm2 at 700 °C in air for NBC, x = 0.1, and 0.2, respectively. Density functional theory results demonstrate that bismuth doping effectively reduces the formation energy of oxygen vacancies. Moreover, the bismuth doping of NdBaCo2−xBixO5+δ cathode is much more robust against CO2 than that of NBC cathode. This work indicates that bismuth doping in the B‐site of LnBaCo2O5+δ may be a highly attractive strategy for the future development of cathode materials.

Role of Bismuth Doping on Structural and Electrical Properties of ZnO Nanocrystals Prepared by Sol–Gel Method

Role of Bismuth Doping on Structural and Electrical Properties of ZnO Nanocrystals Prepared by Sol–Gel Method

Enhanced electrocatalytic activity of bismuth-doped lanthanum stannate pyrochlore for electrochemical detection of the Covid-19 drug nitazoxanide

Nitazoxanide (NAZ) is an antiparasitic drug that reduces inflammation caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The presence of nitro group in this drug makes it an environmental pollutant. Here, an electrochemical sensor for the determination of NAZ was developed based on bismuth-doped pyrochlore lanthanum stannate nanoparticles modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (BLSO NPs/SPCE). The BLSO NPs were prepared by a combination of co-precipitation and thermal calcination processes. The fabricated BLSO NPs were analyzed by different spectroscopic methods. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy showed that the lattice parameters of the lanthanum stannate nanoparticles (LSO NPs) were increased after bismuth doping due to cell expansion. The morphology and oxidation state of the elements in the BLSO NPs were analyzed by field emission-scanning electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). FE-SEM and HR-TEM analysis revealed that LSO, and BLSO exhibits as a nanoparticle morphology with 20–50 nm in size. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed that the electrochemical reduction of NAZ was enhanced after bismuth doping due to the synergistic effect of BLSO NPs. Electrochemical determination of NAZ was performed by DPV with a low detection limit of 4 nM between the linear range of 0.01–172 µM and an electrode sensitivity of 0.16 µA µM−1 cm−2. The developed NAZ sensor showed favorable results in terms of selectivity, repeatability, and stability.

Enhancing the ORR kinetics and CO2 tolerance in PrBaCoCuO5+δ cathode for solid oxide fuel cells by bismuth doping

The sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and susceptibility to CO2 poisoning present significant challenges in the application of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). In this study, bismuth (Bi) was introduced as a dopant for the first time to enhance both the ORR activity and CO2 tolerance of PrBaCoCuO5+δ (PBCCO) cathode. Bi doping serves to concurrently modulate the oxygen vacancy content and carrier concentration. This dual regulation enhances the processes of oxygen adsorption, dissociation, and charge transfer, as evidenced by the distribution of relaxation time (DRT) technique. Furthermore, PBBCCO demonstrates exceptional CO2 tolerance and remarkable performance recovery following exposure to CO2-induced degradation. At 800 °C, the polarization resistance (Rp) and maximum power density (MPD) of PBBCCO were 0.026 Ω cm2 and 631 mW cm−2, respectively. Notably, Rp was reduced by 52.45%, and MPD exhibited an improvement of 45.11% at 800 °C. These findings highlight the significant impact of Bi doping on the performance of the PBCCO double perovskite cathode, underscoring its crucial importance for future developments of novel cathode materials.

Tunable broadband luminescence of Bi‐ion‐doped glasses via Gd2O3 co‐doping

AbstractThe doping of bismuth (Bi) ions in borosilicate glasses has gained attention for its potential applications in LED light sources and imaging displays. Here, gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) was introduced into the glass matrix in varying concentrations using a high‐temperature melting method to investigate its impact on the luminescence properties of Bi ions. The resulting glass exhibited bimodal emission peaks at 465 and 750 nm when excited with 325 nm light. The luminescence intensity and fluorescence half width at half height initially increased, followed by a subsequent decrease as the Gd2O3 content in the glass increased from 10 to 43 mol%. Additionally, the color of the luminescence transformed from purple–red to green under white light irradiation. The composition and excitation wavelength of the glass can be adjusted to achieve selective tuning of the luminescence.

Thermoelectric transportation in indium doped bismuth oxyselenide (Bi2-xInxO2Se) ceramics consolidated by conventional isostatic pressing

Thermoelectric transportation in indium doped bismuth oxyselenide (Bi2-xInxO2Se) ceramics consolidated by conventional isostatic pressing