Birth In Adolescence Research Articles

Association Between Epigenetic Age Acceleration at Extremely Preterm Birth and Systolic Blood Pressure in Adolescence

Association Between Epigenetic Age Acceleration at Extremely Preterm Birth and Systolic Blood Pressure in Adolescence

Socioeconomic Status at Birth and Breast Tissue Composition in Adolescence and Adulthood.

Socioeconomic status (SES) at birth is associated with breast cancer risk. Whether this association is driven by changes in breast tissue composition (BTC) prior to adulthood remains unclear. We used multivariable linear regression models to examine whether SES at birth is associated with BTC in adolescence and adulthood using data from a New York City cohort of daughters (n = 165, 11-20 years) and mothers (n = 160, 29-55 years). We used maternal-reported data on daughters' household income and maternal education at birth, analyzed individually and in combination (SES index). Women also reported their own mothers' education at birth. We used optical spectroscopy to evaluate BTC measures that positively (water content, collagen content, optical index) and negatively (lipid content) correlate with mammographic breast density, a recognized breast cancer risk factor. Being in the highest versus lowest category of the SES index was associated with lower lipid content [βadjusted (βadj) = -0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), -1.30 to -0.31] and higher collagen content (βadj = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.09-0.99) in adolescence. In women with a body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m2, higher maternal education at birth (≥ vs. < high school degree) was associated with lower lipid content (βadj = -0.57; 95% CI, -0.97 to -0.17), higher water content (βadj = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.26-1.14), and higher optical index (βadj = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.10-0.95). This study supports that SES at birth is associated with BTC in adolescence and adulthood, although the latter association may depend on adult BMI. Further research is needed to identify the socially patterned early life factors influencing BTC.

Gestational age at birth and cognitive outcomes in adolescence: population based full sibling cohort study

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between gestational age at birth and cognitive outcomes in adolescence.DesignNationwide population based full sibling cohort study.SettingDenmark.Participants1.2 million children born between 1 January 1986 and 31 December...

SEQUENCING OF PLANNED AND UNPLANNED BIRTHS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MID- AND LATER-LIFE HEALTH AMONG NLSY79 WOMEN

Abstract Existing studies demonstrate that unplanned births (e.g., unwanted, mistimed) are associated with worse health for mothers in the short-term and—according to some preliminary evidence—in mid- and later-life. Yet as life course and reproductive career frameworks highlight, childbearing experiences often unfold over a number of years, with a considerable amount of diversity in pregnancy and birth experiences even for the same individual. For example, a person may have an unplanned birth in late adolescence followed by only planned births in early adulthood. In order to provide a more holistic understanding of how birthing experiences births are associated with midlife health, we use Sequence Analysis (SA) on the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79; N=3,992) to examine how patterning of planned and unplanned births is associated with physical and mental health at ages 50 and 60 (SF-12). Preliminary analysis indicates that compared to respondents with only planned births, respondents with unplanned birth(s) followed by planned birth(s) have worse physical and mental health at midlife, but there is no difference in health for respondents with only planned births, only unplanned births, and planned birth(s) followed by unplanned birth(s). Future analysis with SA will consider how more detailed sequences (e.g., timing, number and type, ordering, spacing) are associated with these mid- and later-life health outcomes, taking into account selection factors such as childhood SES and educational attainment. This project demonstrates the need for life course perspectives on the long-term health implications of unplanned births, recognizing diversity within and between individuals.

SEQUENCING OF PLANNED AND UNPLANNED BIRTHS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MID- AND LATER-LIFE HEALTH AMONG NLSY79 WOMEN

Abstract Existing studies demonstrate that unplanned births (e.g., unwanted, mistimed) are associated with worse health for mothers in the short-term and—according to some preliminary evidence—in mid- and later-life. Yet as life course and reproductive career frameworks highlight, childbearing experiences often unfold over a number of years, with a considerable amount of diversity in pregnancy and birth experiences even for the same individual. For example, a person may have an unplanned birth in late adolescence followed by only planned births in early adulthood. In order to provide a more holistic understanding of how birthing experiences births are associated with midlife health, we use Sequence Analysis (SA) on the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79; N=3,992) to examine how patterning of planned and unplanned births is associated with physical and mental health at ages 50 and 60 (SF-12). Preliminary analysis indicates that compared to respondents with only planned births, respondents with unplanned birth(s) followed by planned birth(s) have worse physical and mental health at midlife, but there is no difference in health for respondents with only planned births, only unplanned births, and planned birth(s) followed by unplanned birth(s). Future analysis with SA will consider how more detailed sequences (e.g., timing, number and type, ordering, spacing) are associated with these mid- and later-life health outcomes, taking into account selection factors such as childhood SES and educational attainment. This project demonstrates the need for life course perspectives on the long-term health implications of unplanned births, recognizing diversity within and between individuals.

Risk factors and protective factors in pregnant adolescents

Pregnancy and birth in adolescence involve certain risks for both mother and fetus. Psychologically, adolescent mothers have a higher risk of developing emotional disorders. This paper is a review based on information from the literature. The analysis was limited to articles in English published between January 1, 2000 and September 1, 2021 on PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar using the following keywords: pregnancy, adolescents, adolescence, risk factors, support factors, psychological interventions. In the context of pregnancy in this challenging stage of adolescence girls should be referred to pre- and postnatal counseling programs or support groups so that they develop healthy relationships and support networks.

Hypertension in women: the role of adolescent childbearing

BackgroundAdolescent childbearing is associated with various health risks to the mother and child, and potentially with adverse socioeconomic outcomes. However, little is known about the role of adolescent childbearing in maternal health outcomes in adulthood. This study investigates the link between childbirth in adolescence and later-life risk of hypertension among women in India.MethodsWe obtained nationally representative data on demographic and health outcomes for 442,845 women aged 25 to 49 from the India National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 2015-16. We assessed the difference in hypertension prevalence between women who gave birth in adolescence (age 10 to 19) and those who did not, for the full sample and various sub-samples, using linear probability models with controls for individual characteristics, hypertension risk factors, and geographic fixed effects.ResultsNearly 40% of the women in the sample gave birth in adolescence. The adjusted probability of being hypertensive in adulthood was 2.3 percentage points higher for this group compared to women who did not give childbirth in adolescence. This added probability was larger for women who gave birth earlier in adolescence (4.8 percentage points) and for women who gave birth more than once in adolescence (3.4 percentage points).ConclusionsAdolescent childbearing was strongly associated with a higher probability of adult female hypertension in India. This finding illustrates the intertemporal relationship between health risk factors during the life cycle, informing the importance of addressing adverse early life events (e.g. child marriage and adolescent childbirth) for hypertension outcomes among women in India.

Gender Role Optimization in Child Protection To Prepare Gold Generations

The golden generation as the nation&amp;#39;s next generation has a strong and strong character for development and national resilience so that parenting in the family involves father and mother as parents and primary educators are also the first in child development as an effort preparing a golden generation requires gender equality and partnerships in families through family management that is physically and mentally healthy. The family as a small community organization has an important role in facilitating and responsible for child development. Fulfilling the basic needs of education and health and welfare is a form of mastery of knowledge and skills through informal education provided by parents. Awareness of education for parents is a priority to increase gender roles, setting up a golden generation. Parents are fathers and mothers who are in an organization small communities use family management to provide child protection by not distinguishing the roles of women and men as responsibilities for children in order to be a golden generation and quality. By nature women give birth so that women as a mother is the person closest to the child because during pregnancy the mother interacts with the child. The child will interact with the mother while in the womb until the process of later birth in childhood and adolescence and even old age. Father as a man inside The household is the leader of the family and the priest in the family has responsibilities economically and with family needs so that the partnership between father and mother is a requirement in family management in creating a healthy family harmony and rochani. Law Number 35 Year 2014 Article 20 reads: “State, Government, Government Region, Community, Family, and Parents or Guardians are obliged and responsible for The 1945 Constitution, articles 27 and 28B, so that gender roles can be optimal and children are ready to be the golden generation.

The neurobiological correlates of cognitive outcomes in adolescence and adulthood following very preterm birth

Very preterm birth (<33 weeks of gestation) has been associated with alterations in structural and functional brain development in regions that are believed to underlie a variety of cognitive processes. While such alterations have been often studied in the context of cognitive vulnerability, early disruption to programmed developmental processes may also lead to neuroplastic and functional adaptations, which support cognitive performance. In this review, we will focus on executive function and intelligence as the main cognitive outcomes following very preterm birth in adolescence and adulthood in relation to their structural and functional neurobiological correlates. The neuroimaging modalities we review provide quantitative assessments of brain morphology, white matter macro and micro-structure, structural and functional connectivity and haemodynamic responses associated with specific cognitive operations. Identifying the neurobiological underpinning of the long-term sequelae associated with very preterm birth may guide the development and implementation of targeted neurobehaviourally-informed interventions for those at high risk.

FERTILITAS REMAJA DI INDONESIA: HUBUNGAN ANTARA MELAHIRKAN PADA USIA REMAJA DAN CAPAIAN PENDIDIKAN WANITA

Adolescent fertility has become concerns at both national and international levels. The government of Indonesia views pregnancy and teenage childbearing as a problem that must be overcome. Giving birth in adolescence can lead to low levels of education. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between adolescent fertility which is teenage childbearing and women’s educational attainment in Indonesia. The data source used is the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017. Based on IDHS 2017, among women who have given birth. Around 31.5% of women gave birth for the first time before the age of 20. Of those, 3.8% gave birth out of wedlock, and 9.8% gave birth after postconception marriage. By using the instrumental variable (IV) method, the results of the study show that there is a negative association between giving birth in adolescent and women’s educational attainment. After controlling for individual and community/environmental characteristics, women who experienced first birth during their adolescence have 3.5 years of education lower than women who give birth for the first time at the age of 20 years and above.

Altered Cortical Gyrification in Adults Who Were Born Very Preterm and Its Associations With Cognition and Mental Health

BackgroundThe last trimester of pregnancy is a critical period for the establishment of cortical gyrification, and altered folding patterns have been reported following very preterm birth (< 33 weeks of gestation) in childhood and adolescence. However, research is scant on the persistence of such alterations in adulthood and their associations with cognitive and psychiatric outcomes. MethodsWe studied 79 very preterm and 81 age-matched full-term control adults. T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were used to measure a local gyrification index (LGI), indicating the degree of folding across multiple vertices of the reconstructed cortical surface. Group and group-by-sex LGI differences were assessed by means of per-vertex adjustment for cortical thickness and overall intracranial volume. Within-group correlations were also computed between LGI and functional outcomes, including general intelligence (IQ) and psychopathology. ResultsVery preterm adults had significantly reduced LGI in extensive cortical regions encompassing the frontal, anterior temporal, and occipitoparietal lobes. Alterations in lateral fronto-temporal-parietal and medial occipitoparietal regions were present in both men and women, although men showed more extensive alterations. In both very preterm and control adults, higher LGI was associated with higher IQ and lower psychopathology scores, with the spatial distribution of these associations substantially differing between the two groups. ConclusionsVery preterm adults’ brains are characterized by significant and widespread local hypogyria, and these alterations might be implicated in cognitive and psychiatric outcomes. Gyrification reflects an early developmental process and provides a fingerprint for very preterm birth.

Age at First Birth and Psychiatric Disorders in Low-Income Pregnant Women.

Young maternal age at first birth has been associated with poor mental health. However, few studies directly compared the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among adolescent versus adult mothers at first birth using a comprehensive diagnostic tool. This study examined the association between age at first birth and 22 current and lifetime psychiatric disorders in a cohort of low-income pregnant women. The sample consisted of 744 low-income currently pregnant women who were Medicaid-eligible and enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in Saint Louis City and 5 rural counties in Southeastern Missouri. Current (previous 12 months) and lifetime psychiatric disorders were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule IV (DIS-IV). Logistic regression analyses tested the association between women's age at first birth and psychiatric disorders, controlling for potential confounders, including relative poverty. When adjusting for confounders, mothers giving birth in their teens had 2.5 times the odds of having a lifetime behavior disorder (odds ratio [OR] 2.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-5.24) and current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.38-4.70) and almost twice the odds of having at least one anxiety disorder compared to older women at first birth (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.10-2.85). Low-income women who have their first birth in adolescence have higher odds of psychiatric disorders and should be the target of psychiatric screening during their pregnancy. Mothers beginning childbearing before age 19 should be screened during pregnancy for anxiety disorders, including PTSD, and behavior disorders.

First-birth Timing, Marital History, and Women's Health at Midlife.

Despite evidence that first-birth timing influences women's health, the role of marital status in shaping this association has received scant attention. Using multivariate propensity score matching, we analyze data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 to estimate the effect of having a first birth in adolescence (prior to age 20), young adulthood (ages 20-24), or later ages (ages 25-35) on women's midlife self-assessed health. Findings suggest that adolescent childbearing is associated with worse midlife health compared to later births for black women but not for white women. Yet, we find no evidence of health advantages of delaying first births from adolescence to young adulthood for either group. Births in young adulthood are linked to worse health than later births among both black and white women. Our results also indicate that marriage following a nonmarital adolescent or young adult first birth is associated with modestly worse self-assessed health compared to remaining unmarried.

Forging Ahead: Recollections of the Life and Times of Esther Dartigue by Esther Dartigue and John Dartigue (review)

Forging Ahead: Recollections of Life and Times of Esther Dartigue. By Esther Dartigue and John Dartigue. CreateSpace, 2014. ISBN 1477595902. 482pp. $14.50 paperback.Review by Grace L. Sanders JohnsonIn 1994, educator and activist Esther Dartigue published An Outstanding Haitian, Maurice Dartigue: The Contribution of Maurice Dartigue in Field of Education in Haiti, United Nations, and UNESCO. In so doing, she successfully wrote deceased husband and former Haitian Minister of Education, Maurice Dartigue, into modern history of Haiti. Esther's work has been widely cited in literature on post-US occupation politics, education, and international organizing and has enhanced recent scholarship in field, most notably Millery Polyne's From Douglass to Duvalier: U.S. African Americans, and Panamericanism, 1870-1964 (2010) and Chantalle Verna's forthcoming work and The Uses of America, 1930-1957. In a 2007 article Verna aptly argues, for example, that Maurice Dartigue was the leading educational reformer during two decades following U.S. occupation.1 Much of what we know about Maurice Dartigue's legacy is credited to his wife's tireless combing through his personal papers and related archives in order to bring his vision for to a broader audience. Yet, until now, little has been known about Esther herself-the assiduous mother, scholar and, on select occasions, orator who used historical prose to combine her two great passions, [Maurice] and Haiti (v).Her memoir Forging Ahead: Recollections of Life and Times of Esther Dartigue provides insight into Esther's life, love of Haiti, and contribution to Dartigue family. Esther conceptualized Forging Ahead as a family history for only child, John, and started writing details of childhood, marriage, and first decade and a half of son's life in mid-1990s. However, due to fatigue and illness, she was unable to complete autobiographical project. Inspired by his mother's commitment to their family's genealogy, John Dartigue picked up where his mother left off and narrated final fifty years of life using childhood memories, stories from family and friends, and a meticulous mapping of Esther's personal calendars, letters, and daily notes. Forging Ahead, then, is both a memoir and a biography, with first part primarily written by Esther Dartigue and second part written by John Dartigue. As a companion piece to Esther's first book, Forging Ahead is foremost a family conversation-a love letter to those individuals and places that Esther cared for dearly.Forging Ahead is an unconventionally written collection of remembrances (vii) sometimes connected and other times appearing in tangential and fragmented ways that memories float to and recede from our forethoughts. With a narrative cadence that reads like an oral history, text is not ordinary in structure, scope, or genre, as John Dartigue warns reader from outset. At several points he even suggests that text may not be of interest to a general audience and that some readers may find it useful to skip certain parts. And yet, while a reader who is not familiar with Dartigue family may be tempted to pass over litany of surnames and addresses, readers will likely find themselves continuing to read out of curiosity and expectation that one of those names casually mentioned may be of note: Resia Vincent, Jacques Roumain, Madeleine Sylvain, Jacques Stephen Alexis, or Rafael Trujillo.In this regard, Forging Ahead is at once a genealogical dig, an archival hunt, and a geographical odyssey. The book is divided into fourteen chapters that chronicle near century of Esther Dartigue's life-from birth in Hungary and early adolescence in United States to adulthood in and Central Africa and through death in France. The first three chapters are detailed accounts of Dartigue's poor upbringing in Hungary and young immigrant life with family in Ohio. …

Preterm birth and structural brain alterations in early adulthood.

Alterations in cortical development and impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes have been described following very preterm (VPT) birth in childhood and adolescence, but only a few studies to date have investigated grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) maturation in VPT samples in early adult life. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) we studied regional GM and WM volumes in 68 VPT-born individuals (mean gestational age 30 weeks) and 43 term-born controls aged 19–20 years, and their association with cognitive outcomes (Hayling Sentence Completion Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, Visual Reproduction test of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised) and gestational age. Structural MRI data were obtained with a 1.5 Tesla system and analysed using the VBM8 toolbox in SPM8 with a customized study-specific template. Similarly to results obtained at adolescent assessment, VPT young adults compared to controls demonstrated reduced GM volume in temporal, frontal, insular and occipital areas, thalamus, caudate nucleus and putamen. Increases in GM volume were noted in medial/anterior frontal gyrus. Smaller subcortical WM volume in the VPT group was observed in temporal, parietal and frontal regions, and in a cluster centred on posterior corpus callosum/thalamus/fornix. Larger subcortical WM volume was found predominantly in posterior brain regions, in areas beneath the parahippocampal and occipital gyri and in cerebellum. Gestational age was associated with GM and WM volumes in areas where VPT individuals demonstrated GM and WM volumetric alterations, especially in temporal, parietal and occipital regions. VPT participants scored lower than controls on measures of IQ, executive function and non-verbal memory. When investigating GM and WM alterations and cognitive outcome scores, subcortical WM volume in an area beneath the left inferior frontal gyrus accounted for 14% of the variance of full-scale IQ (F = 12.9, p < 0.0001). WM volume in posterior corpus callosum/thalamus/fornix and GM volume in temporal gyri bilaterally, accounted for 21% of the variance of executive function (F = 9.9, p < 0.0001) and WM in the posterior corpus callosum/thalamus/fornix alone accounted for 17% of the variance of total non-verbal memory scores (F = 9.9, p < 0.0001). These results reveal that VPT birth continues to be associated with altered structural brain anatomy in early adult life, although it remains to be ascertained whether these changes reflect neurodevelopmental delays or long lasting structural alterations due to prematurity. GM and WM alterations correlate with length of gestation and mediate cognitive outcome.

Gender Difference in the Relationship between Passive Smoking Exposure and HDL-Cholesterol Levels in Late Adolescence

High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are influenced by gender and by genetic and environmental factors. We aimed to assess the impact of passive smoking exposure since birth on HDL-C levels of nonsmoking adolescents at age 17 years and to determine whether there was a gender difference in the relationship between smoking exposure and HDL-C. A total of 804 nonsmoking adolescents with biochemical, anthropometric, and lifestyle data from a cohort of 1754 adolescents (mean age, 17 ± 0.25 y) of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study had data of maternal smoking during pregnancy and smoking exposure in the household over 17 years. HDL-C was analyzed using multivariable linear regression, with adjustment for early-life, adiposity, and current lifestyle confounders. HDL-C levels were significantly lower in girls exposed to passive smoking compared to those not exposed (regression coefficient b = -0.09 [95% confidence interval, -0.15, -0.03]); this was not observed in boys (b = 0.02 [95% confidence interval, -0.04, 0.08]), with a significant sex interaction P = .009. The effects of passive smoking in girls persisted after adjusting for oral contraceptive use. This study has shown a gender difference in the relationship between passive smoking exposure since birth and HDL-C in late adolescence. Exposure to passive smoking in girls could have adverse consequences on their risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. These findings reinforce the need for future public health measures to reduce children's exposure to passive smoking.

Effect of adolescent pregnancy on final adult height in non-Hispanic white women

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of pregnancy on final adult height in women whose first live birth occurred in adolescence (<age 18) compared to women whose first live birth in adulthood (≥age 18). This retrospective cohort study used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2004. Regression analysis was used for comparisons of adult height between the two groups. Three ethnic groups were selected for the analysis: Mexican-American, non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black. Non-Hispanic white women who gave birth in adolescence were approximately 2.97 cm shorter in final adult height than women who gave birth to their first child at ≥18 years [p = 0.03, 95 % confidence interval (-5.61, -0.33)]. There was no difference in final adult height in either the Mexican-American or non-Hispanic black groups. Non-Hispanic white women who had their first live birth in adolescence have reduced height compared to women who had their first live birth as an adult.

Preterm birth and unintentional injuries: risks to children, adolescents and young adults show no consistent pattern

Preterm birth is associated with a number of physical and mental health issues. The aim of this study was to find out whether there was also any association between individuals born preterm in Sweden between 1984 and 2006 and the risk of unintentional injuries during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. The study followed 2297134 individuals, including 5.9% born preterm, from 1985 to 2007 for unintentional injuries leading to hospitalization or death (n=244021). The males and females were divided into four age groups: 1-5years, 6-12years, 13-18years and 19-23years. Hazard ratios were calculated for falls, transport injuries and other injuries. After adjusting for a comprehensive set of covariates, some of the preterm subgroups demonstrated slightly increased risks of unintentional injuries, while others showed slightly decreased risks. However, most of the estimates were borderline or non-significant in both males and females. In addition, the absolute risk differences between individuals born preterm and full term were small. Despite the association between preterm birth and a variety of physical and mental health consequences, this study shows that there is no consistent risk pattern between preterm birth and unintentional injuries in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood.

Season of birth and mood seasonality in late childhood and adolescence

A significant season of birth effect on mood seasonality has been detected in young adults, with higher sensitivity to seasonal changes for people born during spring or summer months (long photoperiod) than those born during autumn or winter months (short photoperiod). The aim of this study was to verify whether the birth season effect on mood seasonality is already present in late childhood and adolescence. To this end, the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (SPAQ-CA) was administered to 1523 Italian participants (870 females, 653 males), ranging from 10 to 17years of age. The Global Seasonality Score (GSS) was computed as a measure of mood seasonality. Analysis of covariance showed a significant season of birth effect on GSS; although no comparisons were significant when Tukey's posthoc test for unequal samples was performed, it was observed that adolescents born in summer achieved the highest scores while those born in winter obtained the lowest. The present data point out that a significant season of birth effect on mood seasonality is already present in late childhood and adolescence.

Season of Birth and Sleep-Timing Preferences in Adolescents

The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between season of birth and sleep-timing preferences in adolescence. To this end, the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (MEQ-CA) was administered to 1912 adolescents (1058 females and 854 males), ranging in age between 10 and 17 yrs. To assess preferred sleep habits, the authors considered the answers to the open-ended questions of the MEQ-CA (items 1 and 2), regarding the preferred arising time and the preferred going to bed time. Combining the answers to these two questions, the authors also indirectly computed the preferred sleep duration and preferred midpoint of sleep. Season of birth did not significantly modulate the overall MEQ-CA score; however, spring-born participants preferred to go to bed and reached the preferred midpoint of sleep later than those born in autumn. Agreeing with a previous study on young adults, the present data point to a significant season-of-birth effect on the two parameters of the sleep-timing preferences in adolescents. (Author correspondence: lorenzo.tonetti2@unibo.it)