Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale Research Articles

A Comparative Analysis of the Frequency of Bipolar Spectrum Disorder in Patients with and Without Psoriasis

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic disease that significantly negatively affects a patient’s quality of life. Based on etiopathological characteristics, there is strong evidence of susceptibility to psychological disorders, such as depression and bipolar disorder, in patients suffering from psoriasis. Objectives: We investigated the frequency of bipolar spectrum disorders in psoriasis patients compared to healthy controls in a selected population in Iran. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on two sample groups, with and without psoriasis (50 people in each group). The statistical population included all individuals referred to Shohadaye Tajrish and Taleghani Hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, selected using the available method and assigned to two groups in 2023. The participants were examined for the presence of bipolar spectrum disorders using the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS). Results: According to the MDQ questionnaire, the frequency rates of bipolar disorder in the patients and controls were 20% and 40%, respectively, with no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.108). Based on the BSDS, the frequency of bipolar disorder in the two groups, with and without psoriasis, was estimated to be 25% and 32.1%, respectively, with no significant difference (P = 0.226). The rate of major depressive disorders was also 22% and 26%, with no significant difference (P = 0.640). Conclusions: Among Iranian patients with psoriasis, the presence of the disease may not be associated with an increased risk of bipolar spectrum disorders.

Simultaneous Utilization of Mood Disorder Questionnaire and Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale for Machine Learning-Based Classification of Patients With Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Disorders.

Bipolar and depressive disorders are distinct disorders with clearly different clinical courses, however, distinguishing between them often presents clinical challenges. This study investigates the utility of self-report questionnaires, the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS), with machine learning-based multivariate analysis, to classify patients with bipolar and depressive disorders. A total of 189 patients with bipolar disorders and depressive disorders were included in the study, and all participants completed both the MDQ and BSDS questionnaires. Machine-learning classifiers, including support vector machine (SVM) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), were exploited for multivariate analysis. Classification performance was assessed through cross-validation. Both MDQ and BSDS demonstrated significant differences in each item and total scores between the two groups. Machine learning-based multivariate analysis, including SVM, achieved excellent discrimination levels with area under the ROC curve (AUC) values exceeding 0.8 for each questionnaire individually. In particular, the combination of MDQ and BSDS further improved classification performance, yielding an AUC of 0.8762. This study suggests the application of machine learning to MDQ and BSDS can assist in distinguishing between bipolar and depressive disorders. The potential of combining high-dimensional psychiatric data with machine learning-based multivariate analysis as an effective approach to psychiatric disorders.

Replicability of the five-factor structure of DSM-5 and ICD-11 trait systems and their associations with binge eating and bipolar spectrum psychopathology.

Since the research on contemporary personality models-and psychopathology-mainly originate from the Western world, we aimed to test the factorial structure of two trait systems assessed with the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) in a non-Western sample and to compare the extracted models' relative associations with binge eating disorder (BED) and bipolar spectrum disorder (BSD) symptoms. A community sample (N = 516; 72% female) was administered the PID-5, which can operationalize both the DSM-5 and ICD-11 systems. The factor structures of both systems were tested using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). The congruence coefficients of all factor loadings with international studies were calculated. The Binge Eating Scale (BES), Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS), and Hypomania Checklist-32-Revised (HCL-32) were used to measure the criterion variables. Linear regression models were used for comparing the DSM-5 and ICD-11 systems in predicting the BED and BSD. The findings supported five-factor solutions for both trait systems. Both systems significantly predicted dimensional measures of both BED and BSD (all p < 0.001). The present findings support an acceptable five-factor structure for both personality systems in the non-Western sample. Different algorithms of maladaptive domains on both systems are related to binge eating and bipolar spectrum psychopathology.

Application of screening techniques for early diagnostics of bipolar afapplication of screening techniques for early diagnosis of a risk of bipolar disorder in adolescents

Aim. To assess the possibility of combined application of screening methods for early detection of risks of bipolar disorder in adolescents.Materials and methods. The study included 139 adolescents aged 13–16 years. A clinical psychopathology assessment as well as screening methods were used. The screening methods included the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale ((BSDS), R. Pies, 2005) and the Mood Disorder Questionnaire ((MDQ), R.M. Hirschfeld, 2000).Results. The clinical psychopathology assessment was performed in accordance with criteria of ICD-10, Class V. No mental and behavioral disorders (F00-F99), including affective pathology, were identified. Following the MDQ screening, the risk of bipolar disorder was revealed in 63 individuals (45.3%; 95 % confidence interval (CI): (36.8–53.9). When the BSDS method was used, the risk of bipolar disorder was revealed in 16.2% of cases (CI: (11.9–28.3)). The combined use of the screening scales (MDQ and BSDS) confirmed their consistency in detecting values both not exceeding (48.7% of the cases) and exceeding the threshold rates (17.1% of the cases).Conclusion. Early diagnosis of a risk of bipolar disorder in adolescents, along with a clinical psychopathology assessment, may include application of screening scales. Сombined use of several screening methods is justified by polymorphism of initial hypomanic and depressive states, as well as by difficulties in subjective assessment of symptoms of bipolar disorder in adolescents.

Assessment of the diagnostic performance of two new tools versus routine screening instruments for bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis.

Objective:The present meta-analysis was conducted to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the bipolarity index (BI) and Rapid Mode Screener (RMS) as compared with the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS), the Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32), and the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) in people with bipolar disorder (BD).Methods:We systematically searched five databases using standard search terms, and relevant articles published between May 1990 and November 30, 2021 were collected and reviewed.Results:Ninety-three original studies were included (n=62,291). At the recommended cutoffs for the BI, HCL-32, BSDS, MDQ, and RMS, the pooled sensitivities were 0.82, 0.75, 0.71, 0.71, and 0.78, respectively, while the corresponding pooled specificities were 0.73, 0.63, 0.73, 0.77, and 0.72, respectively. However, there was evidence that the accuracy of the BI was superior to that of the other tests, with a relative diagnostic odds ratio (RDOR) of 1.22 (0.98-1.52, p < 0.0001). The RMS was significantly more accurate than the other tests, with an RDOR (95%CI) of 0.79 (0.67-0.92, p < 0.0001) for the detection of BD type I (BD-I). However, there was evidence that the accuracy of the MDQ was superior to that of the other tests, with an RDOR of 1.93 (0.89-2.79, p = 0.0019), for the detection of BD type II (BD-II).Conclusion:The psychometric properties of two new instruments, the BI and RMS, in people with BD were consistent with considerably higher diagnostic accuracy than the HCL-32, BSDS, and MDQ. However, a positive screening should be confirmed by a clinical diagnostic evaluation for BD.

Identification of Bipolar Spectrum Disorder in Patients with Unipolar Depression using Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale - A Pilot Study for Eastern India

Identification of Bipolar Spectrum Disorder in Patients with Unipolar Depression using Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale - A Pilot Study for Eastern India

Psychological Symptoms and Clinical Indicators in Patients With and Without Sleepiness Suffering From Epileptic and Non-Epileptic Seizures

Background: Sleep and seizures can affect each other in different ways. Meanwhile, sleep disorders are among the most frequent complaints of patients with epileptic and non-epileptic seizures, with various health outcomes. Objective This study aimed to investigate the psychological symptoms and clinical indicators in patients with/without sleepiness with epileptic/non-epileptic seizures. Methods: The present study was a fundamental and descriptive (causal-comparative) research. The study population included all patients with epileptic seizures (temporal and generalized) and non-epileptic psychogenic seizures in Shiraz City, Iran. A total of 68 patients (in two groups with sleepiness and without sleepiness) were selected by the purposive sampling method. The study data were collected using the clinical and demographic inventory, Stanford sleepiness scale, Beck depression and anxiety inventory, perceived stress, mood disorder, bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale, global assessment of the severity of epilepsy, and global assessment of disability-related directly to seizures. The obtained data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance, Fisher exact test, and Mann–Whitney U test. Results: Analyses showed that patients with seizures who had sleepiness reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress than patients without sleepiness (P&lt;0.05). Also, patients with sleepiness suffer more than their counterparts from the symptoms of bipolar disorder I and II and assess the severity of disease and disability resulting from seizures as worse (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Sleepiness in patients with epileptic and non-epileptic seizures is associated with increased psychological symptoms and disease severity.

Early diagnosis of bipolar II disorder

The materials of the article are devoted to the study of the possibilities of early detection of bipolar affective disorder (BAD) type II using a screening questionnaire in patients diagnosed with dysthymia. The reasons of late diagnosis of bipolar spectrum disorders, difficulties in detecting episodes of hypomania, consequences of incorrect diagnosis, screening systems for early detection of BAD are considered. The effectiveness of using The Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS) to establish the possibility of BAD in patients with dysthymia has been substantiated. Indicators obtained by the BSDS scale show that 27.78 % of patients with dysthymia have a moderate probability of bipolar spectrum disorders, 16.67 % of patients in this category — low probability and 8.33 % of subjects — high probability. It was found that a high and moderate probability of bipolar spectrum disorders is associated with the early onset of dysthymia (r = 0.421 and r = 0.396, respectively).

Bipolar disorder among married women in Bangladesh: Survey in Rajshahi city.

Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a major mental disorder which not only affects the personal and social functioning of an individual, but also inflicts a huge economic burden on the family. Yet, the study of BPD in Bangladesh is rare and poorly documented. Responding to the dire need, we conducted a new study to determine the prevalence of, and detect the associated factors of, BPD among married women in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. We conducted a cross-sectional study, selecting households in Rajshahi City using a multi-stage random sampling design. The data consisted of 279 married women, who were screened for BPD using the bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale (BSDS). Frequency distribution, chi-square test and binary logistic regression model were used respectively to determine the prevalence, identify the associated factors and quantify their effects on BPD. The prevalence of BPD among married women in Rajshahi City was 2.5%, with an additional 7.2% classified as probable BPD. A binary logistic regression analysis established the following six main factors of BPD: (1) comorbid mental disorder [AOR = 8.232, 95% CI = (1.397, 50.000), p<0.05]; (2) poor relationship with husband [AOR = 11.775, 95% CI = (2.070, 66.667), p<0.01]; (3) poverty [AOR = 1.600, 95% CI = (2.086, 122.709), p<0.01]; (4) high educational level [AOR = 0.177, 95% CI = (0.037, 0.843), p<0.05]; (5) lack of immediate treatment if sick [AOR = 2.941, 95% CI = (1.259, 6.871), p<0.05]; and (6) death of beloved one/s [AOR = 2.768, 95% CI = (1.130, 6.777), p<0.05]. Our survey involved self-reporting, which is typically affected by differing levels of understanding and bias. Also, a cross-sectional, observational study cannot establish an actual cause-and-effect relationship. Some other potentially important factors such as environment, lifestyle, familial customs, effects of drugs, treatment options and outcomes, etc. were not studied. Also, save mental disorder, all other comorbidities remained undocumented. This study laid down the foundation for conducting further research on identifying different factors affecting BPD, and for studying other issues related to BPD among married women in Bangladesh. Among such factors are familial environment and culture, comorbidities, treatment options, treatment outcomes, biochemical feature, environmental factors, etc. This study also recommends that, while treating BPD patients, health professionals should focus on comorbidities and family matters.

Some predictors of bipolarity in a primary episode of bipolar aff ective disorder

Clinical-psychodiagnostic examination of 153 patients with primary episode of bipolar aff ective disorder (BAD) found the highest diagnostic potential of the bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale in patients with depressive, manic and mixed variants of primary episode of BAD, and less predictive potential of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and Hypomania Checklist-32 (HCL-32), which revealed pathological aff ective symptomatology of the bipolar spectrum in patients with manic and mixed type of the primary episode of BAD, but were insensitive with depressive form. Using the bipolar spectrum scale to detect signs of bipolarity in the primary episode of BAD, it should be kept in mind that the quantitative indicators of it are lower compared with the patients with clinically formed BAD, which should be taken into account during the diagnosis. Keywords: bipolar aff ective disorder, primary episode, prognosis

Screening bipolar disorders in a general hospital: Psychometric findings for the Persian version of mood disorder questionnaire and bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale

Screening bipolar disorders in a general hospital: Psychometric findings for the Persian version of mood disorder questionnaire and bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale

Screening bipolar disorders in a general hospital: Psychometric findings for the Persian version of mood disorder questionnaire and bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale.

Background: Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS) are used to screen patients with bipolar disorders and have been examined in some psychiatric settings. The present study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of these 2 tools on inpatients in a general hospital. Methods: In a cross-sectional study in 2011, a total of 207 inpatients admitted to different wards of Rasoul Akram hospital, Tehran, were selected by systematic random sampling. Demographic questionnaire, MDQ, and BSDS were completed. Also, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID-I) was performed for all participants within 72 hours. The SCID-I was used as the gold standard of psychiatric diagnoses to identify the predictive validity of the 2 screening tests. Sensitivity and specificity indices were identified using Roc curve. The 2 screening tools were recompleted by 20% of the patients (n=43) after 3-7 days to measure test-retest reliability using paired t test and correlation between measures in 2 separate occasions. Results: In this study, 101 female and 106 male (m=36.9±15.5 yrs.) patients were entered the study, of them 56 (32 males) had bipolar disorder according to SCID-I. The most common bipolar disorder was bipolar disorder type II (9.7%). Pearson’s test showed a high test-retest reliability for both MDQ (r=0.72, p<0.001) and BSDS (r=0.77, p<0.001). For MDQ, the scores 5 (sensitivity=0.60; specificity=0.73) and 6 (sensitivity=0.56; specificity=0.77) were the best cutoff points. Positive and negative predictive values for the mentioned cutoff points were 0.45 and 0.83 (for the score 5) and 0.48 and 0.82 (for the score 6), respectively. The best cutoff point for BSDS was 11 with the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 0.74, 0.69, 0.47, and 0.87. Conclusion: The Persian versions of MDQ and BSDS have acceptable validity and reliability to screen Persian patients with bipolar spectrum disorders in a general hospital.

High Frequency of Bipolar Disorder Comorbidity in Medical Inpatients

Objective: Bipolar disorder is a severe, disabling, and recurring disorder. Some studies have shown that the frequency of bipolar disorder in patients with medical diseases is higher than healthy controls. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of bipolar disorders in medically ill patients hospitalized in Iranian general hospitals. Method : In this cross sectional study, 697 inpatients (342 men, 49.1%) from different wards of 3 general hospitals, with the mean age of 39.3+-10, were enrolled in the study using nonprobability sampling. Demographic questionnaire, Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS) were used. Inclusion criteria were as follow: informed consent, age 18-65 years, ability to speak Persian, and having at least middle school education. Results: The frequency of bipolar disorder was 12.1% and 20.8% based on BSDS and MDQ, respectively. The results of both tests were positive in 7.9% of hospitalized patients. The frequency of bipolar mood disorder was significantly higher in single patients and in those with comorbidity of alcohol and substance use disorders. Conclusion: Considering the high frequency of bipolar mood disorders in hospitalized medically ill patients and its probable effects on compliance and prognosis, early screening, diagnosis, and treatment of bipolar mood disorders is important in these patients.

Bipolarity and temperament in depression: Making the right diagnosis

Background: Diagnosis of bipolar disorder is often missed clinically in cases presenting in depression, and temperament is an important clue to correct it. We, therefore, studied cases diagnosed as depression to see the evidence of undiagnosed bipolar disorder as well as temperament. Materials and Methods: Patients of a depressive episode (ICD-10, F32), between 18 and 60 years of age and within mild or normal range on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale at the time of interview were included in this study. The patients were diagnosed retrospectively using mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI) mania hypomania scale to look for missed diagnoses of mania or hypomania episodes. Bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale (BSDS) was used to evaluate bipolar spectrum, and temperament assessment scale and Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa and San Diego Auto questionnaire (TEMPS-A) was used to assess affective temperament of participants. Chi-square test was used to compare the cases. Results: Out of 100 patients, 35 cases were diagnosed with hypomania and two cases with mania. BSDS was positive in 16% cases whereas it was positive in 9% cases with past episodes of hypomania and 1% case of mania. On TEMPS-A, 12% of cases had depressive or dysthymic temperament, 37% of cases had cyclothymic temperament, 21% of cases had hyperthymic temperament, and 5% of cases had irritable temperament. Cases with irritable or dysthymic temperament had no evidence of bipolar disorder on MINI and were statistically significant (P

Reliability and Validity Study of the Turkish Version of Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish Version of the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS). The study was carried out with 130 patients diagnosed with bipolar I disorder, 15 patients diagnosed with bipolar II disorder, and 38 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder attending the outpatient psychiatry departments of the Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Mental Health and Neurological Diseases. The Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) was used for convergent validity. The internal consistency coefficient, itemtotal score correlation coefficients, test-retest correlation coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation with concurrent scale, and ROC curve were statistically calculated. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the 20-item version did not show adequate goodness-of-fit. The item 4 with a relatively low regression weight was removed from the model. For the 19-item revised and corrected model, the observed goodness-of-fit indexes were RMSEA = 0.040, CFI = 0.900, GFI = 0.890, IFI = 0.900 and χ2/df = 1.230. The internal consistency Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.831. The correlation coefficient between the Turkish version of the BSDS and the MDQ was 0.54. The cutoff point of the scale calculated by the ROC analysis was 12 with a sensitivity of 78.6% and a specificity of 86.8%. The Turkish Version of the BSDS, has been shown to be reliable and valid tool for screening bipolar disorder after removal of the item 4 of the original version of the scale.

Validation of the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale in Mexican Psychiatric Patients.

The Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS) is widely validated and used as a screening tool for bipolar disorder. However, there is no BSDS validated version for its use in Mexican population. The aim of the present study was to examine the BSDS diagnostic capacity, and to evaluate its criterion validity and internal consistency for its use in Mexican psychiatric patients. We recruited 200 patients who attended the psychiatric outpatient service of a Mental Health Specialized Hospital and were screened for bipolar disorder using BSDS. To determine the cut-off point, sensitivity and specificity, we used the SCID-I diagnosis as the gold standard in 100 participants with bipolar disorder and 100 with major depression. Internal consistency according to Cronbach's coefficient alpha was .81. The area under ROC curve for the overall discriminability of BSDS against the criterion of SCID-I for bipolar disorder was .90. Finally, a cut-off value of 12 reached the most stable sensitivity and specificity, with predictive powers higher than .80. In conclusion, the properties of the scale including internal consistency, sensitivity and specificity, make of BSDS a valuable instrument for screening bipolar disorder in Mexican psychiatric population.

Sensitivity and specificity of the Italian version of the bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale. Different scores in distinct populations with unipolar depression

IntroductionTo date, the proposition of recurrence as a subclinical bipolar disorder feature has not received adequate testing.Objectives/AimsWe used the Italian version of the bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale (BSDS), a self-rated questionnaire of bipolar risk, in a sample of patients with mood disorders to test its specificity and sensitivity in identifying cases and discriminating between high risk for bipolar disorder major depressive patients (HRU) and low risk (LRU) adopting as a high recurrence cut-off five or more lifetime major depressive episodes.MethodsWe included 115 patients with DSM-5 bipolar disorder (69 type I, 41 type II, and 5 NOS) and 58 with major depressive disorder (29 HRU and 29 LRU, based on the recurrence criterion). Patients filled-out the Italian version of the BSDS, which is currently undergoing a validation process.ResultsThe BSDS, adopting a threshold of 14, had 84% sensitivity and 76% specificity. HRU, as predicted, scored on the BSDS intermediate between LRU and bipolar disorder. Clinical characteristics of HRU were more similar to bipolar disorder than to LRU; HRU, like bipolar disorder patients, had more lifetime hospitalizations, higher suicidal ideation and attempt numbers, and higher rates of family history of suicide.ConclusionsThe BSDS showed satisfactory sensitivity and sensitivity. Splitting the unipolar sample into HRU and LRU, on the basis of the at least 5 lifetime major depressive episodes criterion, yielded distinct unipolar subpopulations that differ on outcome measures and BSDS scores.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The prevalence of bipolar mood disorders in the medically ill patients hospitalized in general hospitals

Introduction Bipolar mood disorders are the eighth cause of disability in the world. Several studies have shown the prevalence of bipolar disorders in patients with medical diseases is higher than healthy controls. Aims This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of bipolar disorders in the medically ill patients hospitalized in general hospitals. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 706 patients (342 men, 49%) admitted to different wards of three general hospitals randomly enrolled to the study. Demographic questionnaire, MDQ (Mood Disorder Questionnaire) and BSDS (Bipolar spectrum Diagnostic Scale) were used. The criteria for inclusion were informed consent and cooperation for the study, lack of cognitive and mental disorders and being literate. Results In 84 (12.1%) and 145 (20.8%) patients, respectively BSDS and MDQ questionnaire results were positive. In 75% of patients, the results of both tests were negative, while in 9.7% of hospitalized patients, the results of both tests were positive. The frequency of bipolar mood disorders was not significantly different between male and female, but the frequency of bipolar disorders was significantly higher in singles, smokers, alcohol abusers, younger age and lower education level. The highest rate of bipolar disorders was reported in the orthopaedic ward. Conclusion The prevalence of bipolar mood disorders in hospitalized medically ill patients is significant, due to the impact of the disorder on the lifestyle, compliance and the prognosis, identification and treatment of bipolar mood disorders is important in these patients.

The relationship between chronotype and mood fluctuation in the general population

There is a lack of evidence for the relationship between chronotype and subthreshold mood fluctuation. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between chronotypes and mood fluctuation in the general population. Participants (n=302) who have had no experience of major mood episodes were included. The Korean version of the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) was used to classify participants according to three chronotypes. Mood fluctuation was measured using the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS). Mean scores achieved by the three chronotype groups on the MDQ and the BSDS were compared. There were no significant differences in the frequency of positive responses on the MDQ for the three chronotype groups. However, there was a significant group difference in total BSDS scores. The eveningness group had significantly higher BSDS-D scores than did either the morningness or the intermediate group have. In addition, the eveningness group had significantly higher BSDS-M scores than the morningness group. After adjusting for age by the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), there were still significant group differences in total BSDS scores. The present results suggest that eveningness may be more related to mood fluctuation than morningness. The eveningness may be an important factor related to soft bipolarity or mood fluctuation.

Development of screening inventories for bipolar disorder at workplace: A diagnostic accuracy study

BackgroundThis study aimed to develop a new instrument for bipolar disorder screening, the Workplace Bipolar Inventory (WBI), and examine its efficiency as compared with Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS) among workers on leave of the absence due to their mental health problems. MethodsParticipants were recruited at a psychiatric outpatient clinic for return-to-work in Tokyo, Japan, during September to November 2009. 81 outpatients were recruited, 55 of whom (68%) agreed to participate in this study. Participants answered questionnaires including WBI, MDQ, BSDS, and demographic factors. Their diagnostic information according to the international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems 10th revision (ICD-10) was obtained from their attending psychiatrists. The WBI is a new self-rating 39-item questionnaire which developed with input from occupational mental health specialists and an analysis of WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) items. The WBI contains 3 subtype scales: WBI-A (5 items), WBI-AB4 (9 items), and WBI-AB (39 items). ResultsReliability of these scales was moderate. In the AUC of these scales, BSDS was the best of them (0.83). In the optimal cut-off point of these scales, WBI-AB4 showed good efficiency of screening (sensitivity=0.78, specificity=0.75). Both MDQ and BSDS had high specificity, while low in sensitivity. LimitationsThe well validated diagnostic method (i.e., the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV [SCID] or CIDI) was not applied in this study. ConclusionsThe WBI, especially WBI-AB4 would be a useful workplace screening tool for workers with bipolar disorder.