Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Fungicide Against Rhizoctonia solani Causing Rice Sheath Blight Disease.

The biosynthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of medicinal plants is a promising substitute for the traditional chemical method. This work aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles using a green approach from local "Dholkolmi" (Ipomoea carnea) leaf extract which is a medicinal plant growing outside the roads of different regions of Bangladesh. The biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, particle size analyzer, zeta-potential, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results of UV-visible spectrophotometers observed an absorption peak at 373 nm wavelength, which confirmed the synthesis of ZnONPs in the solution. ZnONP sizes determined by XRD, DLS, and TEM are approximately ~37 nm, 105.61 nm, and 19.66 nm, respectively. ZnONPs were present because of the strong oxygen and zinc signals in the EDX profile. Additionally, this research assessed the antifungal activity of the biosynthesized ZnONPs and as well as folicur-incorporated ZnONPs against Rhizoctonia solani by the poison bait technique. According to the result of this study, ZnONPs synthesized from Ipomoea carnea leaf extract showed no promising result against Rhizoctonia solani mycelial growth reduction. But folicur-incorporated ZnONPs revealed a significant finding with a maximum 100% inhibition of mycelial growth at 1:1 and 3:1 ratio of ZnONPs with folicur fungicide under in vitro conditions. In the net house experiment, folicur-incorporated ZnONPs at a 1:1 ratio of ZnONPs with folicur showed considerable disease inhibition (26.96% RLH) as compared to disease control (52.83% RLH). In the case of rainfed transplanted Aus (March-June), the highest percentage of RLH was recorded in disease control (64.61%), and the lowest RLH was found in folicur (24.79%) followed by a 1:1 ratio of ZnONPs with folicur (32.10%) in field condition. On the other hand, the highest percentage of RLH was recorded in disease control (65.31%) and the lowest RLH was found in folicur (18.14%) followed by a 1:1 ratio of ZnONPs with folicur (21.39%) in rainfed transplanted Aman (July-November) season. The findings of the in vitro and in vivo studies provided evidence that ZnONPs and folicur had a strong synergistic antifungal impact and may be employed as a possible rice sheath blight disease management agent.

Phytochemical fabrication of ZnO nanoparticles and their antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity

The synthesis of metal nanoparticles through bio-reduction is environmentally benign and devoid of impurities, which is very important for biological applications. This method aims to improve ZnO nanoparticle's antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity while reducing the amount of hazardous chemicals used in nanoparticle production. The assembly of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) is presented via bio-reduction of an aqueous zinc nitrate solution using Echinochloacolona (E. colona) plant aqueous leaf extract comprising various phytochemical components such as phenols, flavonoids, proteins, and sugars. The synthesized nano ZnO NPs are characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometer (UV–vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (X-RD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and elemental composition by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The formation of biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles was confirmed by the absorbance at 360–370 nm in the UV–vis spectrum. The average crystal size of the particles was found to be 15.8 nm, as calculated from XRD. SEM and TEM analysis of prepared ZnO NPs confirmed the spherical and hexagonal shaped nanoparticles. ZnO NPs showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with the largest zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 17 and 18 mm, respectively, from the disc diffusion method. Furthermore, ZnO NPs exhibited significant anti-biofilm activity in a dose-dependent manner against selected bacterial strains, thus suggesting that ZnO NPs can be deployed in the prevention of infectious diseases and also used in food preservation.

Detection of melamine in infant milk powder by micro-Raman spectroscopy using biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles

Detection of melamine in infant milk powder by micro-Raman spectroscopy using biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles

Validity of zinc oxide nanoparticles biosynthesized in food wastes extract in treating real samples of printing ink wastewater; prediction models using feed-forward neural network (FFNN)

In the present study, biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles in food wastewater extract (FWEZnO NPs) was used in the photocatalytic degradation of real samples of printing ink wastewater. FWEZnO NPs were prepared using green synthesis methods using a composite food waste sample (2 kg) consisted of rice 30%, bread 20 %, fruits 10 %, chicken 10 %, lamb 10%, and vegetable 20%. The photocatalysis process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) as a function of time (15–180 min), pH 2–10 and FWEZnO NP (20–120 mg/100 mL), while the print ink effluent after each treatment process was evaluated using UV–Vis-spectrophotometer. The behaviour of printing ink wastewater samples for photocatalytic degradation and responses for independent factors were simulated using feed-forward neural network (FFNN). FWEZnO NPs having 62.48 % of the purity with size between 18 and 25 nm semicrystalline nature. The main functional groups were –CH, CH2, and –OH, while lipid, carbon-hydrogen stretching, and amino acids were the main component in FWEZnO NP, which contributed to the adsorption of ink in the initial stage of photocatalysis. The optimal conditions for printing ink wastewater were recorded after 17 min, at pH 9 and with 20 mg/100 mL of FWEZnO NPs, at which the decolorization was 85.62 vs. 82.13% of the predicted and actual results, respectively, with R2 of 0.7777. The most significant factor in the photocatalytic degradation was time and FWEZnO NPs. The FFNN models revealed that FWEZnO NPs exhibit consistency in the next generation of data (large-scale application) with an low errors (R2 0.8693 with accuracy of 82.89%). The findings showing a small amount of catalyst is needed for effective breakdown of dyes in real samples of printing ink wastewater.

Green marvel: Harnessing spinach leaves' power for enhanced photodegradation of various effluents with biogenic ZnO nanoparticles

This study investigates the use of ZnO NPs (Zinc oxide nanoparticles) derived from spinach leaf extracts in a sustainable photocatalytic technology to enhance the decomposition of hazardous effluents from refineries and paper mills. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD analysis reveals that ZnO NPs possess a hexagonal wurtzite structure, exhibiting a preferred arrangement of (101) planes. The synthesized ZnO NPs have a spherical shape, as seen in the SEM images. TEM analysis detected the size of the ZnO NPs to be between 35 and 40 nm. The results indicate that ZnO NPs produced via biosynthesis have photocatalytic activity in efficiently decomposing the organic chemicals found in gasoline refining effluent when exposed to light. At a pH of 8, the ZnO NPs exhibited the highest rate of degradation for toluene (84.26 %) and xylene (90.36 %) after being exposed to simulated sunlight for 240 min. In the context of the photocatalytic treatment of paper mill effluents, it has been shown that the subsequent cycles resulted in a reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels of 81.24 %, 74.14 %, 68.92 %, 60.24 %, and 53.82 %, respectively.

Termiticidal Effects and Morpho-Histological Alterations in the Subterranean Termite (Odontotermes formosanus) Induced by Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide, Titanium Dioxide, and Chitosan Nanoparticles.

Recently, nanoparticles have been widely used in agricultural pest control as a secure substitute for pesticides. However, the effect of nanoparticles on controlling the subterranean termite Odontotermes formosanus (O. formosanus) has not been studied yet. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of some nanomaterials in controlling O. formosanus. The results showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs), and chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) biosynthesized using the culture filtrate of Scedosporium apiospermum (S. apiospermum) had an effective role in controlling O. formosanus. Moreover, the mortality rate of O. formosanus after 48 h of treatment with ZnONPs, TiO2NPs, and CsNPs at a 1000 µg/mL concentration was 100%, 100%, and 97.67%, respectively. Furthermore, using ZnONPs, TiO2NPs, and CsNPs on O. formosanus resulted in morpho-histological variations in the normal structure, leading to its death. X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and the Zeta potential were used to characterize the biosynthesis of ZnONPs, TiO2NPs, and CsNPs with strong activity against O. formosanus termites. Overall, the results of this investigation suggest that biosynthesized ZnONPs, TiO2NPs, and CsNPs have enormous potential for use as innovative, ecologically safe pesticides for O. formosanus control.

The selective cytotoxicity effect of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using honey

This work aims to produce biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using honey (Ho-ZnO-NPs). First, the process of characterization was completed using different techniques, including the color changing to light brown, Zeta-potential that shows a sharp peak at − 5.08 mV, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), which represents the high percentage of Zinc (57.36 %), oxygen (35.03 %) and carbon (7.62 %), Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM and SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis that illustrate the spherical and hexagonal structure. Then, the cytotoxicity activity was studied using an MTT assay on three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HepG2, and A431) and an HSF normal cell line. Furthermore, the prepared nanoparticles Ho-ZnO-NPs show that the different IC50 are 118.1, 49.5, and 751.7 µg/mL for MCF-7, HepG2, and A431, respectively. In addition, IC50 is 1.47 mg/mL for HSF. In conclusion, the study reveals that the biosynthesized Ho-ZnO-NPs have higher anticancer activity against HepG2, plus their safety against normal skin cells.

Inhibitory Effect of the Biosynthesized ZnO Nanoparticles by Musa acuminata Fruits Peels against Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Zinc Oxide nanoparticles was synthesized by green method with zinc nitrate as precursor and alcoholic extract of Musa acuminata fruits peels as a reducing agent, color changing from white to yellowish -white, which was an indication of the formation of ZnO NPs. Characterization were made by UV-Visible light spectroscopy (Uv-Vis), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Field Emission Scan Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), the results showed the sharp UV peaks were at 374 nm , XRD analysis estimated the crystallites sizes in 25.9 nm, AFM was used to determine the average size and forme of the nanoparticles which was 40, 45, and 50 nm, FE- SEM analysis displayed average particles size were 75.6 nm. Clinical of 125 samples were collected from diabetic foot ulcer from patients admitted to Baquba Teaching Hospital during beginning of November 2021 to the end of January 2022, included isolation and diagnosis of 76 isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antibacterial activity test was done of ZnO NPs. which was tested toward these isolates. Different concentrations of ZnO NPs. (12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200) mg/ml were examined against pathogenic bacteria , the results showed the highest diameter of inhibition zone against E.coli, K.pneumoniae, P.aeruginosa, S.aureus and S.epidermidis were (28, 27, 31, 29. 26) mm respectively at concentration 200 mg/ ml and the lowest zone at concentration 12.5 mg/ml to the same isolates were (22, 23, 24, 24, 21) mm respectively.

Amelioration of phytotoxic impact of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles: Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria facilitates the growth and biochemical responses of Eggplant (Solanum melongena) under nanoparticles stress

The consistently increasing use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in crop optimization practices and their persistence in agro-environment necessitate expounding their influence on sustainable agro-environment. Attempts have been made to understand nanoparticle-plant beneficial bacteria (PBB)- plant interactions; the knowledge of toxic impact of nanomaterials on soil-PBB-vegetable systems and alleviating nanotoxicity using PBB is scarce and inconsistent. This study aims at bio-fabrication of ZnONPs from Rosa indica petal extracts and investigates the impact of PBB on growth and biochemical responses of biofertilized eggplants exposed to phyto-synthesized nano-ZnO. Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques revealed nanostructure, triangular shape, size 32.5 nm, and different functional groups of ZnONPs and petal extracts. Inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azotobacter chroococcum improved germination efficiency by 22% and 18% and vegetative growth of eggplants by 14% and 15% under NPs stress. Bio-inoculation enhanced total chlorophyll content by 36% and 14 %, increasing further with higher ZnONP concentrations. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in nano-ZnO and P. fluorescens inoculated eggplant shoots reduced by 15–23% and 9–11%. Moreover, in situ experiment unveiled distortion and accumulation of NPs in roots revealed by scanning electron microscope and confocal laser microscope. The present study highlights the phytotoxicity of biosynthesized ZnONPs to eggplants and demonstrates that PBB improved agronomic traits of eggplants while declining phytochemicals and antioxidant levels. These findings suggest that P. fluorescens and A. chroococcum, with NPs ameliorative activity, can be cost-effective and environment-friendly strategy for alleviating NPs toxicity and promoting eggplant production under abiotic stress, fulfilling vegetable demands.

Effect of Scenedesmus obliquus extract and its biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles as foliar application on growth and yield of tomato grown in late summer seasons

Effect of Scenedesmus obliquus extract and its biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles as foliar application on growth and yield of tomato grown in late summer seasons

A Role of Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for Enhancing Seed Quality: A Review

Abiotic and biotic stresses impact seed growth, resulting in economic losses. Seeds are being subjected to an increasing number of biotic and abiotic stress combinations as a result of global warming and climate change, which has adverse effects on their growth and production. Drought, flood, salinity, heavy mineral contamination, cold, and heat were all found to have a negative impact on seed germination. Because of their massive surface area-to-volume ratio, nanoparticles—microscopic pieces with a nanoscale dimension ranging from 1-100 nm—have exceptional thermal conductivity, catalytic reactivity, nonlinear optical performance, and chemical durability. There are various methods for creating nanoparticles, such as chemical, physical, and biological ones. However, because dangerous chemical compounds are used as reducing agents, the chemical and physical procedures are expensive, complicated, and might be hazardous to the environment. The synthesis of nanoparticles using green approaches may be easily scaled up, and they are also cost-effective. Because of their superior qualities, greenly coordinated nanoparticles are currently preferred over traditionally delivered NPs. Green synthesis approaches are particularly appealing due to their ability to reduce nanoparticle toxicity. The use of vitamins, amino acids, and plant extracts has increased as a result. While dangerous and extremely hazardous substances are used in the chemical and physical processes that may cause environmental issues, capping and reducing agents are essential to the synthesis of nanoparticles. The capping or reducing agent used in physical and chemical processes is expensive. When used as a seed treatment, nanoparticles can enhance germination as well as the length, vigor, viability, and quality of the seedlings. This paper aims to provide an overview and evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) as a potential substitute for biosynthesised nanoparticles in seed quality improvement.

تأثير دقائق اوكسيد الزنك النانوية المصنعة بايولوجيًا على النمط الظاهري والجيني للغشاء الحيوي لبكتريا Proteus mirabilis

تصنف بكتريا Proteus mirabilis كثالث مسبب لالتهاب المجاري البولية المصاحب لتركيب أنابيب القسطرة البولية. تعد الاغشية الحيوية من عوامل الضراوة اللتي تستعملها البكتريا لمقاومة المضادات الحيوية وفي ضل تطور مقاومة البكتريا للمضادات الحيوية, صار لزامًا على العلماء والباحيثن في مجال الاحياء المجهرية أيجاد بدائل ذات كفائة عالية قادرة على اختراق جدار الخلية البكتيرية وبالتالي قتلها.في السنوات الاخيرة, اكتسبت دقائق النانو المصنعة بايولوجيا والصديقة للبيئة أهتمامًا كبيرًا من قبل الباحثين لأمتلاكها خصائص مميزة كصغر حجمها المتناهي واشكالها المختلفة يمَكنهم من استعمالها كمواد مضادة للبكتيريا في مختلف المجلات الطبية والصحية. تهدف هذه الدراسة الى التحري عن قدرة دقائق اوكسيد النحاس النانوية المصنعة بايولوجيا على تثبيط تكوين الغشاء الحيوي المنتج من قبل بكتيريا Proteus mirabilis. أنتجت هذه الدقائق بأستعمال راشح بكتيري يحتوي على الانزيمات المختزلة لملح النحاس واستخدمت عدة تقنيات لتحديد الصفات الفيزيائية المظهرية لدقائق النانو المنتجة حيث استخدمت تقنية XRD لتأكيد التركيب خماسي الشكل لهذه الدقائق , بينما استعملت تقنية TEM لتحديد قطر الجزيئات المنتجة بمعدل 84.45 نانومتر. اما FESEM فقد تم استخدامه لتحديد الصفات الخارجية لسطح جزيئات النانو المنتجة , تم تأكيد النتائج بأستخدام تقنية AFM للكشف عن توزيع و وعورة جزيئات النانو.اما UV فقد سجلت ااقصى امتصاصية على الطول الموجي nm287 .تم التحري في هذه الدراسة عن فعالية دقائق اوكسيد النحاس النانوية في منع تكون الغشاء الحيوي حيث أستعمل مستحلب دقائق اوكسيد النحاس النانوي بالتركيز تحت القاتل 32 μg/ml . سجلت نتائج هذه الدراسة انخفاضا ملحوضَا في انتاج الغشاء الحيوي للبكتريا المنتجه له حيث سجلت العزلات ذات الانتاجية العالية للغشاء الحيوي ضعفأ في الانتاج بعد معاملتها بالتركيز المستعمل من دقائق اوكسيد النحاس النانوية. جاء تأثير هذه الدقائق على كل من النمط الظاهري والتعبير الجيني لجين LuxS المسؤول عن تكوين الغشاء الحيوي بأستخدام تقنية rtPCRحيث سجلت الدراسة انخفاضا في التعبير الجيني لهذا الجين بعد معاملة سلالات البكتريا قيد الدراسة بدقائق اوكسيد النحاس النانوية مقارنتاً بالعزلات غير المعاملة. من خلال نتائج هذه التجربة يمكن التوصل الى امكانية اعتماد دقائق اوكسيد الزنك النانوية كعامل مضاد للبكتيريا عن استخدامه بالتركيز المناسب.

Photocatalysis of low-density polyethylene using FKMW-ZnO NPs: optimization and predication model using a radial basis function neural network ensemble system

The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles in fungal supernatant grown in kitchen wastewater with microelectronic sludge (FKMW-ZnO NPs) to be used in the degradation low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in aqueous solution. The photocatalysis process was optimized using response surface methodology as a function of four independent factors included LDPE concentrations x1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\left( {x_{1} } \\right)$$\\end{document} (100–500 mg/100 mL), FKMW-ZnO NPs concentrations x2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\left( {x_{2} } \\right)$$\\end{document} (10–100 mg/100 mL), time x3\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\left( {x_{3} } \\right)$$\\end{document} (1–6 h) and pH x4\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\left( {x_{4} } \\right)$$\\end{document} (4–9). The maximum photocatalysis of LDPE was 45.43% optimized with 229.96 mg LDPE/100 mL, 100 mg FKMW-ZnO NPs/100 mL at pH 7 and after one hour with R2 is 0.7377. Microstructure and chemical structure analysis showed a significant change in the chemical structure of the photocatalysis of LDPE because of FKMW-ZnO NPs. The mathematical predication model using a radial basis function neural network ensemble system (RBFNNES) provided more accurate prediction model 89.2857% with R2 = 0.8688. However, RBFNNES revealed that FKMW-ZnO NPs and LDPE have unstable behaviour towards the investigated factor and the interaction between these factors where the error was increasing with the increasing the time of neural network which indicates that the obtained efficiency in the optimization study might be not applicable in the large scales or in different environmental factors. More optimization with a wide range of factors is required to understand the applicability of FKMW-ZnO NPs in remediation of LDPE in the environment.Graphical

Comparative studies on chemically synthesized and biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Desmodium sp. and their potential as UV filters

Plant-based synthesis of nanoparticles has been a great interest topic due to reducing the use of toxic materials and the presence of bioactive compounds. This study investigated the chemically synthesized and biosynthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using Desmodium triquetrum leaf extract and their potential as UV filters. These ZnO were evaluated using FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR. The in-vitro Sun Protector Factor (SPF) was determined using a spectrophotometer. SEM image revealed the flower shape morphology of biosynthesized ZnO and chemically synthesized ZnO with different particle sizes. The biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles exhibited smaller particle sizes than chemically synthesized ZnO. XRD analysis demonstrated that the average crystallite sizes of biosynthesized and chemically synthesized ZnO were 10.34 nm and 15.08 nm, respectively. The biosynthesized ZnO showed an SPF value of 25.12, indicating stronger UV protection ability than chemically synthesized ZnO (SPF=9.72) at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. These results indicate that the biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles could be a great candidate as a UV filter for further sunscreen formulations.

Bio-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles from Aegle marmelos assisted by microwave method for enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial applications

Microwave-assisted green method was successfully used to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles in Nanoscale range by varying the Aegle marmelos leaf extract concentration. The existence of functional groups on the nanoparticle surface was confirmed by the FTIR spectra, which displayed distinctive vibrational modes. The nanoparticles size, shape, and surface features were discovered through morphological and structural research utilizing HRTEM, and SEM. The average particle size was found to be in the range of 18–28 nm. Under UV light irradiation, the ZnO NPs exhibited promising photocatalytic activity in the breakdown of methylene blue dye. The synthesized ZnO NPs are excellent in degrading dye to 80 % only in one hour. Furthermore, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains were effectively inhibited by the synthesized ZnO NPs' high antibacterial activity. Thus, characterization and promising photocatalytic and antibacterial properties point to the potential of these ZnO NPs for use in a range of environmental and biological applications.

Anti-proliferative activity of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles against breast cancer MCF-7 cells

Nanomaterials are a subject of immense interest within cancer research, primarily due to their promising role as potent anticancer agents, particularly in the context of targeted drug delivery. The present research work aims at exploring the antiproliferative potential of both undoped and metal doped Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized using bio-assisted methods against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Undoped and Cu and Ag metal doped ZnO NPs were synthesized using various bio-assisted methods and appropriately characterized using PXRD, FTIR, UV–vis spectroscopy, DLS and SEM. The NPs were subsequently diluted using ultrapure water to final concentrations ranging from 10 to 2.5 μg/ml. The antiproliferative efficiency of these NPs was assayed using WST-8 assay by measuring cell proliferation following exposure to various concentrations of these NPs over 24-h duration. The results of this study reveal that the undoped ZnO NPs synthesized using E officinalis fruit and P granatum peel aqueous extracts exhibit significant inhibitory impacts on MCF-7 cancer cells, particularly at higher concentrations. There was nearly a 45 % MCF-7 breast cancer cell line growth inhibition by both these NPs at the highest tested concentration of 10 μg/ml. Additionally, metal doped ZnO NPs demonstrated heightened inhibitory ability in comparison to undoped ones. Among Cu and Ag doped ZnO NPs, 3 M Ag doped ZnO NPs caused nearly 56 % MCF-7 breast cancer cell line growth inhibition at the highest tested concentration of 10 μg/ml.The authors noted that the adoption of novel bio-assisted synthesis methodologies showcases considerable potential in tailoring ZnO NPs properties to suit biomedical applications. Various forms of ZnO NPs used in the current study, underscores their potential as valuable tools in cancer treatment towards MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines, with a specific emphasis on the positive synergies realized when combining phytocompounds with ZnO NPs to enhance their antiproliferative effects.

Solar irradiation driven catalytic dye degradation by novel biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO–NPs) from Barleria mysorensis: Kinetics, reusability and mineralization studies

During the study, Barleria mysorensis B.Heyne ex Roth was selected for biosynthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and evaluating its photocatalytic properties. The structural and morphological characterization of the synthesized particles were performed by UV–Vis diffusion reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Braunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) studies. The results indicate high-quality ZnONPs of 34.36 nm crystallite size with 92.32 % elemental purity (ZnO) and an energy band gap of 3.18 eV. According to the BET study, the synthesized particles had a surface area of 21.626 m2 g–1 with 0.001354 cm3g−1 (p/po=0.908) total pore volume of 0.001354 cm3g−1 (p/po=0.908) and 7.34 nm of mean pore diameter. The electron resonance spectroscopy (ESR) revealed that upon interaction of ZnONPs revealed the formation superoxide radical ions. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye using the synthesized nanoparticles revealed a degradation efficiency of approximately 91.32 % within 120 min of exposure at a rate constant of 18.34 × 10−3 min−1 and it was also noted that the dye degradation process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Besides, reusability and structural stability studies of ZnONPs as photocatalysts revealed a stable performance up to five cycles. In addition, mineralization studies revealed a steady decrease in COD and TOC content with an increase in reaction time, indicating an improvement in mineralization. In conclusion, biosynthesized ZnONPs get rid of the dye and lower the solution's COD and TOC, ensuring that the dye in question breaks down and non-toxic end products are made.

Potential usage of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles from mangosteen peel ethanol extract to inhibit Xanthomonas oryzae and promote rice growth

In recent decades, the biosynthesis of nanoparticles using biological agents, such as plant extracts, has grown in popularity due to their environmental and economic benefits. Therefore, this study investigated into utilizing ethanol crude extract sourced from mangosteen peel for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and assessing their efficacy against the rice blight pathogen (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) through antibacterial evaluations. Additionally, the effects of the synthesized ZnO NPs on rice plant growth was investigated. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the production of wurtzite ZnO NPs under specific synthesis conditions, exhibiting a crystallite size of 38.71 nm (or 387.122 Å) without any contamination. Analysis of the ultraviolet–visible optical absorption spectrum indicated a characteristic absorption peak at 363 nm, suggesting a calculated band gap energy of 2.88 eV for the ZnO NPs. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of active compounds functional groups from mangosteen peel in the synthesized ZnO NPs. These biosynthesized ZnO NPs demonstrated significant inhibition of X. oryzae pv. oryzae growth, exhibiting an in vitro 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 1.895 mg/mL and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 4 mg/mL. The ZnO NPs treatments at two-fold IC50 values significantly enhanced root length, dry biomass, and chlorophyll a content in rice plants. Consequently, the results demonstrated the potential application of biosynthesized ZnO NPs from mangosteen peel extract in green agriculture, as an alternative to excessive antibiotic use, for combating bacterial plant diseases, and for enhancing plant growth.

Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Schrebera swietenioides Roxb. Leaves Extract and their Potent Photocatalytic Activities

Zinc oxide nanoparticles was synthesized using from Schrebera swietenioides Roxb. leaves extract. The size, shape, surface morphology, functional groups and chemical composition of the aqueous extracts mediated zinc nanoparticles was evaluated using various characterization techniques. The UV-visible absorption spectra shows the characteristic maximum absorption at 379 nm, which confirmed its narrow size distribution and mono-dispersed nanoparticles. The SEM analysis confirmed that the particles were more or less spherical in shape with rough surfaces having the particle size in the range of 54 nm to 97 nm. The EDS analysis confirmed the presence of zinc at 8.61 keV (Kα) and 1.09 keV (Lα), whereas the XRD spectra shows the 2θ characteristic peaks corresponds to planes as same as the crystal lattice structure. The biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles have excellent tendency to degrade methyl orange and crystal violet dyes, which was achieved within 2 h.

Biosynthesis of ZnO Nano-particle and its quality evaluation on the shelf life extension of fruit

Consumers around the world want fruits with high quality, without chemical preservatives, and with an extended shelf life. Edible films and coating received a considerable amount of attention in recent years because they are useful and beneficial over synthetic packaging. Prolonging of shelf life of food is an important goal to be attained. Many storage techniques have been adapted to extend the marketing distance and holding periods for commodities after harvest. Edible coatings are thin layers of edible material applied to the product surface to provide a barrier to moisture, oxygen, and solute movement for food. The purpose of this study was to produce bio-synthesized ZnO Nano-particles from spinach. The coating solution is prepared by mixing Nano-particles with chitosan-acetic acid solution and evaluates the shelf-life after treatment as a coating. The study showed that coated fruit maintained its quality up to 28 days of the study period. Thus, it can be concluded that ZnO Nano-particles can be used as a coating for increasing shelf-life.