Biosorption Of Cationic Dyes Research Articles

Biosorption of cationic dyes BY1, BY2 and BG4 by moss Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus from binary solutions

A biosorbent prepared from moss Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus biomass was used for biosorption of cationic dyes – Malachite green (BG4), Auramine O (BY2) and Thioflavine T (BY1) from binary aqueous solutions. Sorption data obtained at non-equilibrium conditions were analyzed by Sheindorf-Rebuhn-Sheintuch (SRS) equation (competitive model for binary systems derived from Freundlich isotherm) and extended model of Freundlich isotherm. Following the comparison of coefficient of determination values (R2) as well as values of root mean squared error (RMSE), the extended model of Freundlich isotherm was more suitable for description of investigated binary systems BG4-BY1 (R2 BG4 = 0.983, R2 BY1 = 0.993) and BG4-BY2 (R2 BG4 = 0.976, R2 BY2 = 0.995). The competition coefficients aij, obtained from SRS model can be considered as a way to quantify mutual competitive interactions. The competition coefficients indicated that the presence of BY1 in binary system decreased the sorption of BG4 (aBY1,BG4 = 0.835) while presence of BG4 (aBG4,BY1 = 0.208) has less pronounced competitive effect on the sorption of BY1 onto biosorbent. Competition coefficients obtained for binary system BY1-BG4 indicate that BG4 (aBG4,BY2 = 0.186) was more significantly affected by the presence of BY2 (aBY2,BG4 = 1.167). Finally, equations used in this work were represented by the three-imensional biosorption isotherm surfaces.

Biosorption of Cationic Dyes onto Cork Stopper Particles by Inverse Fluidized Bed

In this study cork stopper particles was used as a low cost biosorbent to remove the cationic dyes (Methylene blue (MB), Malachite green (MG), and Methyl violet (MV)) from simulated wastewater. Continuous experiments were studied in a laboratory scale in inverse fluidized-bed packed with cork stopper particles for removal these dyes. A set of continuous mode experiments was carried out in inverse fluidized bed column to study the effect of flow rate (10, 15, 20 l/h), bed depth (5, 10, 15 cm), and influent concentration (10, 20, 30 mg/l) on the performance of biosorption process onto cork stopper particles. The minimum inverse fluidized velocity was calculated and it was found to be 8 ×10-5 m/s. The results indicate that cork adsorbs dyes efficiently and can be used as a low-cost alternative for the removal of cationic dyes in wastewater treatment.

Biosorption of Cationic Dyes onto Cork Stopper Particles

In this study, cork stopper particles were used as a low cost biosorbent to remove the cationic dyes (Methylene blue (MB), Malachite green (MG), and Methyl violet (MV)) from simulated wastewater. Batch sorption experiments of components were conducted as a function of pH, sorbent dosages, contact time, agitation speed, and particle size to optimize the best conditions for maximum removal efficiencies of dyes. The experimental data fitted slightly best to the Langmuir isotherm model than to Freundlich and Temkin isotherm model. The experimental data proved that the adsorption kinetic of MB, MG, and MV could be described by a pseudo-second order model. The results indicate that cork adsorbs dyes efficiently and could be employed as a low-cost alternative in wastewater treatment for the removal of cationic dyes.

Removal of Methylene blue from saline solutions by adsorption and electrodialysis

In this study, the removal of MB from saline solutions was evaluated by two methods by adsorption and electrodialysis; the adsorption of the mixture dye/salt on dried orange peel waste (OPW) was studied in batch method. In this study the biosorption of cationic dye by OPW was investigated as a function of initial solution pH, and initial salt (sodium chloride) concentration. The maximal dye uptake at pH >= 3.6 in the absence and in the presence of salt and the dye uptake diminished considerably in the presence of increasing concentrations of salt up to 8 g/L. The Redlich Peterson and Langmuir were the most suitable adsorption models for describing the biosorption equilibrium data of the dye both individually and in salt containing medium. As well, this work deals with the electrodialysis application to remove the dye. Synthetic solutions were used for the investigation of the main operational factors affecting the treatment performance; such as applied voltage, pH, initial dye concentration and ionic strength. The experimental results for adsorption and electrodialysis confirmed the importance of electrostatic interactions on the dye. The electrodialysis process with standard ion exchange membranes enabled efficient desalination of cationic dye solutions; there are two main factors in fouling: electrostatic interaction between cations of dyes and the fixed charged groups of the CEM, and affinity interactions.

Biosorption of cationic dye onto "Phragmites australis" fibers: Characterization and mechanism

The problem of industrial wastewater pollution especially the textile industry is becoming more and more crucial and is pushing researchers to try to develop new, low cost and efficient industrial wastewater treatment processes. We present in this work the biosorption of a cationic model dye "Methylene Blue" by the fibers of a Tunisian biomass "Phragmites Australis" in batch system. It was shown that the highest dye removal was found at pH 8. The dye uptake was achieved by increasing the biomass assay up to 0.1 g for an initial dye concentration 10 mg/L. The results showed that the biosorved amount increases when the amount of biomass increases from 60% for 0.1 g of biomass to 72.25% for 0.5 g of biomass. The kinetic rate of pseudo-second order and Brouers-Sotolongo isotherm modeling is the most appropriate to describe the present biosorption phenomenon, thus assuming the fractal character of the process. The thermodynamic study reveals a spontaneous phenomenon of biosorption and confirms the chemisorption shown in desorption tests. The morphology of the different compounds of Phragmites australis fibers was studied by Boehm titration, FTIR, SEM and explained with different mechanisms reactions. The mechanism proposed involved hydrogen-bonding formations, electrostatic interactions and π-π interaction that show the importance of the carboxylic groups in the biosorption process.

Biosorption of cationic dyes by Pará chestnut husk (Bertholletia excelsa).

Pará chestnut husk (Bertholletia excelsa) (PCH), an agro-industrial waste largely generated in Brazil, was employed as a low-cost and efficient biosorbent to remove the cationic dyes Crystal Violet (CV) and Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous media. PCH presented an amorphous structure containing carboxylic acids, esters, ketones and aldehydes on the surface. Non-porous and irregular particles were also observed. For both dyes, the biosorption capacity was favored under acid conditions. Equilibrium was attained within 40 min at 25 °C with a PCH dosage of 0.5 g L-1. The biosorption kinetic curves were satisfactory explained by the pseudo-first-order model. The Freundlich model was best for representing the equilibrium curves. The maximum biosorption capacities were 83.6 and 83.8 mg g-1 for CV and MB, respectively. PCH was efficient for treating a simulated textile effluent containing several dyes and chemicals, achieving a color removal of 90%. In this way, PCH can be considered as an option for treating colored effluents containing textile dyes.

Nanoscale zerovalent iron-Sargassum swartzii biocomposites for the removal of malachite green from an aqueous solution

ABSTRACTA novel nanoscale zerovalent iron-Sargassum swartzii (nZVI-SS) biocomposite was tested for its ability to remove malachite green from aqueous solutions. Batch equilibrium tests at different pH conditions showed that at pH 10, a maximum removal of 142.85 mg/g was observed according to Langmuir model. Involvement of various functional groups of the biosorbent in preferential biosorption of cationic dye was observed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Morphological changes occurring on the biocomposite materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, temperature and kinetic profiles during the biosorption process were also reported.

Fabrication of hybrid biosorbent nanoscale zero-valent iron-Sargassum swartzii biocomposite for the removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution

ABSTRACTA novel nanoscale zero-valent iron-Sargassum swartzii (nZVI-SS) biocomposite was synthesized and evaluated for its ability to adsorb crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solutions. Involvement of various functional groups of the biosorbent in preferential adsorption of cationic dye was observed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Morphological changes occurring on the biocomposite materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Significant increase (∼90%) in the biosorption of cationic dye was observed with gradual increase in pH of the medium from 3 to 12. The effect of biosorbent concentration, initial pH, temperature, agitation rate, adsorption time, and initial dye concentration was studied for the biosorption of CV using nZVI biocomposite. During the optimization study, maximum biosorption capacity was observed at pH of 8. At various initial CV concentrations (20–100 mg/L), attainment of batch sorption equilibrium was observed within 120 min of reaction time. The Langmuir isotherm model expressed high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.999). The maximum dye uptake of 200 mg/g was reported at pH 8. Kinetics and temperature profiles were evaluated and reported. Desorption study was carried out with 0.1 M HCl. Investigations proved that nZVI-SS is an excellent biosorbent for the sequestration of CV in aqueous media.

Biosorption of cationic dye from aqueous solutions onto lignocellulosic biomass (Luffa cylindrica): characterization, equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

In the present study, biomass fiber (Luffa cylindrica) has been successfully used as biosorbent for the removal of a cationic dye namely, methylene blue, from aqueous solution using a batch process. The characterization of the biosorbent was carried out by the infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition has been established by the energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS). The effects of various parameters such as the contact time (0–160 min), solution pH (2–10), biosorbent dose (0.5–8 g L−1), particle size, initial MB concentration (20–300 mg L−1) and temperature (20–60 °C) were optimized. The biosorption isotherms were investigated by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Tempkin models. The data were well fitted with the Langmuir model, with a maximum biosorption capacity of 49.46 mg g−1 at 20 °C. The kinetics data were analyzed by the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The mass transfer model in terms of interlayer diffusion was applied to examine the mechanisms of the rate-controlling step (R 2 = 0.9992–0.9999). The thermodynamic parameters: free energy (ΔG° = −5.428 to −3.364 kJ mol−1), enthalpy (ΔH° = −20.547 kJ mol−1) and entropy (ΔS° = −0.052 kJ mol−1 K−1) were determined over the temperatures range (20–60 °C). The results indicate that Luffa cylindrica could be an interesting biomass of alternative material with respect to more costly adsorbents used nowadays for dye removal.

Study of the performance of Esparto grass fibers as adsorbent of dyes from aqueous solutions

In this work, the sorption behavior of two basic dyes, Toluidine blue and Crystal violet (CV), on Esparto grass fibers Stipa tenacissima L., an abundant semi-arid region biomass was investigated. The surface properties of this new adsorbent were analyzed using various techniques such as FT-IR, BET, Differential scanning calorimetric, Boehm titration, and pHPZC determination. Batch experiments were carried out to analyze the sorption kinetics and isotherms. The effect of operational parameters such as adsorbent dosage, dye concentration, ionic strength, pH, and temperature onto dye removal was studied. Under optimum conditions (25°C, pH 7.0, contact time of 150 min, and 2 g L−1 adsorbent dose), the monolayer sorption capacities were about 40.00 mg g−1 for TB and 43.47 mg g−1 for CV. Equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm equations, and these data were found to be well represented by the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption kinetics is represented by second-order kinetic model. Evaluated ΔG and ΔH specify the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption. The adsorption takes place with an increase in entropy (ΔS is positive). FT-IR spectrum was also taken to investigate the functional groups involved in the biosorption of cationic dyes. The obtained results indicated that Stipa tenacissima L. could be used to treat dye containing effluents.

Biosorption of cationic dyes from aqueous solution by Water hyacinth roots

Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes was found to have biosorption capacity for cationic dyes, malachite green and methylene blue from aqueous solutions. To evaluate the biosorption capacity and characteristics, the effect of solution pH, initial dye concentration, temperature, dose of biosorbent loading, contact time and shaking rate were investigated in a batch mode. Biosorption was increased with the increasing temperature for both studied dyes. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used for mathematical description of the sorption equilibrium. Equilibrium data was fitted well to the Langmuir model in the studied concentrations (1-200 mg L-1) at 293 and 313 K. Based on the Langmuir isotherm plots the maximum biosorption capacity values were calculated to be 44.64 mg g-1 for malachite green and 42.55 mg g-1 for methylene blue at 313 K. Various thermodynamic parameters such as ΔGo, ΔHo, and ΔSo were evaluated with results indicating that this system was an endothermic spontaneous reaction and kinetically suited to pseudo-second-order model.

Biosorption of cationic dyes by dead macro fungus fomitopsis carnea: batch studies

Application of dead macrofungus, Fomotopsis carnea for the sorption of three cationic dyes viz., Orlamar Red BG (ORBG), Orlamar Blue G (OBG) and Orlamar Red GTL (ORGTL) has been investigated. This study mainly focuses on the effect of various sorption kinetic parameters for the uptake of ORBG. Fomitopsis carnea shows excellent sorption potential for all the dyes studied. Saturation capacities for ORBG, OBG and ORGTL are 503.1, 545.2 and 643.9 mg g−1 respectively. Biosorption in the batch adsorber can be described by first-order reaction kinetics. Sorption decreases with decrease in pH.

Biosorption of cationic dyes by dead macro fungus fomitopsis carnea: batch studies

Application of dead macrofungus, Fomotopsis carnea for the sorption of three cationic dyes viz., Orlamar Red BG (ORBG), Orlamar Blue G (OBG) and Orlamar Red GTL (ORGTL) has been investigated. This study mainly focuses on the effect of various sorption kinetic parameters for the uptake of ORBG. Fomitopsis carnea shows excellent sorption potential for all the dyes studied. Saturation capacities for ORBG, OBG and ORGTL are 503.1, 545.2 and 643.9 mg g −1 respectively. Biosorption in the batch adsorber can be described by first-order reaction kinetics. Sorption decreases with decrease in pH.