Experimental Biosorption Data Research Articles

Removal of a mixture of veterinary medicinal products by adsorption onto a Scenedesmus almeriensis microalgae-bacteria consortium

The adsorption of the veterinary medicinal products (VMP) tetracycline (TET), ciprofloxacin (CIP), sulfadiazine (SDZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) onto a dried Scenedesmus almeriensis microalgae-bacteria consortium was studied at several equilibrium concentrations (20 to 1000 μg/L). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were performed to investigate the surface morphology of the microalgae and to identify the effect of the antibiotics´ functional groups on the surface of the consortium of S. almeriensis and bacteria. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to determine the feasibility of this consortium for the removal of antibiotics via biosorption. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of the adsorption equilibrium. Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models were applied to fit the biosorption experimental data. Relative antibiotic removal was higher at low equilibrium concentrations. In the range of the initial VMP concentration studied, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline exhibited the highest removal efficiency of 43–100% and 75–82%, respectively. Likewise, ciprofloxacin and tetraciclyne presented the highest adsorption rates of 0.11–26.66 and 1.78–27.09 mg·μg−1·h−1, respectively. This study revealed that the S. almeriensis-bacteria consortium has a high biosorption power and proved that biosorption is an important mechanism in the removal of ciprofloxacin and tetraciclyne using a microalgae-based water treatment process. However, sulfadiazine and sulfamethoxazole removals did not exceed 32%.

Bone meal and chitosan biocomposite: a new biosorbent for the removal of Victoria Blue R from wastewater

Chitosan immobilized bone meal (CIBM) was prepared as a biosorbent and Victoria Blue R (VBR) textile dyestuff was removed from wastewater using CIBM via biosorption. For this purpose; the effect of pH, contact time, ionic strength, temperature, biosorbent amount, and initial sorbate concentration were studied in the batch system. The specific surface area, surface morphology and functional groups of CIBM were characterized using BET, SEM and FTIR techniques. In the preliminary biosorption studies with pure bone meal, the removal yield of VBR from solutions of 25 mg/L VBR prepared in pure water was found to be 40.32%, while after modification with chitosan, a removal yield of 98.69% was achieved. As a result, it was observed that the biosorption efficiency increased significantly via modification. The biosorption equilibrium was set at the original pH of the dye with a biosorbent amount of 3.00 g/L in 15 min., which are the optimum adsorption parameters of the batch biosorption process. The removal of VBR from real wastewater was investigated, and the efficiency was found to be 90.40%. Biosorption-desorption cycle was investigated for 11 cycles, and CIBM almost maintained its biosorption capacity until the ninth cycle. Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic models were used to analyze the data obtained from the experiments. As kinetic models, pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic models were used along with the intraparticle diffusion model. For isotherm models, Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) models were employed. It was determined that the experimental biosorption data obey the second-order kinetic model.

Acid‐Thermally Modified Merremia vitifolia for the Removal of 2,4‐Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

AbstractAn acid‐thermally modified Merremia vitifolia biosorbent (ATMVB) was used for the removal of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) from its aqueous solution. The characteristics of ATMVB were found to be superior to that of the unmodified Merremia vitifolia biosorbent (UMMVB). Batch biosorption experimental data under the optimal treatment conditions for ATMVB best fitted to a pseudo‐first‐order kinetics model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm with a defined maximum biosorption capacity. The mechanism of biosorption was explained with two intraparticle diffusion models, namely, Weber and Boyd. The biosorption is exothermic as per the thermodynamic studies. The ATMVB can be considered as a potential biosorbent for the removal of 2,4‐D from its aqueous solution.

Purification of malachite green as a model biocidal agent from aqueous system by using a natural widespread coastal biowaste (Zostera marina)

The present paper aimed to perform an environmentally friendly and effective study on the purification of biocidal material using bioremediation technique, and in this context, a natural widespread coastal biowaste (Zostera marina) was applied to remove a model biocide from aqueous system. Herein, malachite green was selected as a common agent to evaluate the biosorption efficiency of waste biomaterial. The bioremediation properties of biosorbent were studied in a controlled batch experiment system by the optimization practice of operating parameters like biosorbent quantity, medium pH, time, pollutant concentration and temperature, and kinetic, thermodynamic, equilibrium, and characterization operations. The optimum operating conditions were considered as 10 mg, 4, 6 h, 15 mg L−1, and 25 °C, respectively. Elovich and Langmuir were found to be the best-fitted models, describing the experimental biosorption data. Thermodynamic study revealed a favorable nature of the cleanup process. The characterization analysis indicated the presence of various functional groups on the layered biosorbent surface involved on the pollutant treatment. The untreated biosorbent showed a good biocide purification performance with a value of 97.584 mg g−1, and it could thus be employed as an eco-friendly and cost-effective cleaning agent in environmental bioremediation studies.

Comparative biosorption of chromium (VI) using chemically modified date pits (CM-DP) and olive stone (CM-OS): Kinetics, isotherms and influence of co-existing ions

Chemically modified date pit (CM-DP) and olive stone (CM-OS) were studied for their biosorption capacity for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) removal in the aqueous phase. The effect of changing the process conditions, such as the initial Cr (VI) concentration, pH, biosorbent dosage, ionic strength, presence of other ions and temperature were investigated. It showed that at pH = 2, biosorbent dosage >4 g/L and a low ionic strength, both biosorbents showed best biosorption capacity of the Cr(VI) removal. Various isotherm models were applied to fit the experimental data and the Freundlich isotherm model was the best fitting isotherm model for the biosorption experimental data of both biosorbents. The maximum biosorption capacities of CM-DP and CM-OS were found to be 82.63 and 53.31 mg/g respectively, which is comparable to other materials. In the kinetic study, the pseudo second order model can best describe the biosorption process of both biosorbents and the intraparticle diffusion was not the rate-limiting step indicating the contribution of film diffusion in the Cr(VI) removal processes.

Isotherm and Kinetic Studies of Adsorption of Heavy Metals on to Ecchornia Crassipes

Environmental problems are increasing day by day due to rapid industrialization. Therefore there exists great demand for removing heavy metals from the waste water. Many methods were available from literature for removing heavy metals from wastewater out of which Bioadsorption using Biomass is found to be more economical and ecofriendly compared to physico–chemical methods. In the present work, Ecchornia crassipes is used as an adsorbent for removing heavy metals like Pb and Zn from waste water. Ecchornia crassipes which contains high content of lignin can have high metal binding capacity. The effect of various parameters like PH, Biomass Dosage, Initial Metal Ion Concentration and Temperature on metal biosorption was studied. Biosorption experimental data is well described by both Freundlich and Langmuir Isotherm models. The experimental data obtained is well suited with the pseudo second order kinetics.

Biosorption Studies of Fe (III), Cu (II), and Co (II) from Aqueous Solutions by Olive Leaves Powder

Using batch adsorption process, adsorption of Fe(III), Co(II), and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions onto olive leaves powder has been studied. Various parameters; which affect the biosorption process, have been optimized. These parameters include pH of the solution, initial metal ion concentration, biosorbent dose, and contact time. The optimum pH values for the biosorption of metal ions were as follows: 6.0-6.5 for Fe and 5.0-5.5 for Cu and Co. Maximum biosorption capacity has been obtained at 0.1 g biosorbent dose for the three elements. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models have been used to analyze the experimental biosorption data. The high correlation coefficient values (R 2 > 0.9) showed that the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were fitted well with our systems. The maximum adsorption capacity values calculated from the Langmuir isotherm were 31.45 mg/g, 57.14 mg/g, and 16.29 mg/g for Fe(III), Cu(II) and Co(II), respectively, which have been determined at optimum experimental conditions. Olive leaves powder could be considered as an inexpensive, high efficient, and environmentally friendly biosorbent for the removal of Fe, Cu, Co from aqueous media.

Multidye Biosorption: Wavelet Neural Network Modeling and Taguchi L16 Orthogonal Array Design

Biosorption of safranin (SF), malachite green (MG), and Janus green B (JG) onto Sargassum ilicifolium was studied in single and ternary systems. Principal component‐wavelet neural network was used for the simultaneous determination SF, MG, and JG in mixture. Biosorbent dose, pH and time were optimized by Taguchi L16 experimental design and optimum values were 0.1 g L−1, 8.5, and 85 min, respectively. The maximum biosorption capacity was 0.671 mmol g−1. Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic of the biosorption process were also investigated. The biosorption kinetic was described by pseudo‐second order model. Several isotherm models were fitted to experimental biosorption data and among the models, Hill, and Sips isotherms had the best fits. Negative ΔG° values confirmed the feasibility and spontaneous nature and of the biosorption process.

Exploration of biosorption potential of forest industry by-product for removal of reactive dye from aqueous solution

Natural sawdust of Calabrian pine was explored as low-cost industrial by-product for a hetero-bireactive dye removal from aqueous solution in this study. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of contact time and dye concentration on biosorption efficiency. Maximum biosorption amounts were achieved almost in the 20-30 min of contact for the studied dye range (50-200 mg l -1). An increase in the dye concentration resulted in decrease in the percent dye removal and increase in the biosorption capacity of biosorbent. Different kinetic and isotherm models were used to examine the biosorption experimental data for elucidating the dye removal mechanism. The equilibrium data were best represented by Freundlich isotherm model confirming multilayer coverage. The kinetics of dye biosorption best obeyed the pseudo-secondorder equation. The negative value of standard Gibbs free energy change (-3.61 kJ mol-1) indicated that physical forces were involved in the spontaneous dye biosorption. Thus, the sawdust as a possible non-conventional biosorbent presented an interesting option for bioremediation of contaminated environments by such unsafe dyes.

Isotherm Studies Of Cu And Ni Biosorption Using Tobacco Waste

Due to rapid industrialization and globalization, environmental problems are increasing day-by-day. Therefore there exists great demand for removing heavy metals from the waste water. Many methods were available from literature for removing heavy metals from wastewater out of which Bioadsorption using Biomass is found to be more economical and ecofriendly compared to physico–chemical methods. In the present work, Tobacco waste is used as an adsorbent for removing heavy metals like Cu and Ni from waste water. Tobacco waste which contains high content of lignin can have high metal binding capacity. The effect of various parameters like PH, Biomass Dosage, Initial Metal Ion Concentration and Temperature on metal biosorption was studied. Biosorption experimental data is well described by both Freundlich and Langmuir Isotherm models. The experimental data obtained is well suited with the pseudo second order kinetics.

Environmental approach and artificial intelligence for Ni(II) and Cd(II) biosorption from aqueous solution using Typha domingensis biomass

This study was carried out to examine the Typha domingensis as a biosorbent for the removal of Ni(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution, and to determine the experimental parameter that mostly influenced the biosorption process. The sorption mechanism was discussed in combination with the results obtained from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Results revealed that, at initial metal-ions concentration: 50mgL−1, biosorbent dosage: 10.0gL−1 and particle-size: 0.5mm, the highest Ni(II) removal efficiency of 31.0% was obtained at pH: 6.0 within 30min, whereas the maximum Cd(II) removal efficiency was 78.1% at pH: 7.0 within 15min. The adsorption equilibrium data of Ni(II) fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm (r2: 0.9202), while Cd(II) adsorption was described well with both isotherms of Langmuir (r2: 0.9504) and Freundlich (r2: 0.9480). Kinetic studies showed that pseudo-second order described well the biosorption experimental data (r2>0.98). Furthermore, through modeling of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), the sequence of experimental parameters affecting metal-ions removal efficiency for Ni(II) ions was: Ni(II) concentration>contact time>pH>biosorbent dosage>particle-size, while for Cd(II) ions, the sequence was: pH>Cd(II) concentration>contact time>particle-size>biosorbent dosage.

Optimisation using central composite design (CCD) and the desirability function for sorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution onto Lemna major

Water pollution due to contamination of dye containing effluents is a great threat to water body. A study on the biosorption of methylene blue (MB) onto low-cost Lemna major biomass was conducted and the process parameters were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). A two-level, four-factor central composite design (CCD) has been employed to determine the effect of various process parameters namely initial concentration (600–1000 mg L−1), bioadsorbent dose (0.20–1.50 g/100 mL), pH (5–12) and stirring rate (250–800 rpm) on MB uptake from aqueous solution. By using this design a total of 30 biosorption experimental data were fitted. The regression analysis showed good fit of the experimental data to the second-order polynomial model with coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9978 and model F-value of 953.48. The optimum conditions of initial concentration (1000 mg L−1), adsorbent dose (0.2 g), pH (5) and stirring rate (251.51 rpm) were recorded from desirability function. The adsorption isotherm data were best described by both Freundlich and Langmuir models with a maximum adsorption capacity of 488 mg MB g−1L. major biomass at 30 °C which is higher than that available with adsorbents used by past researchers. Finally the pseudo second order kinetic model described the MB biosorption process with a good fitting (R2 = 0.999). The adsorbent was characterised by scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Mechanisms of Alizarin Red S and Methylene blue biosorption onto olive stone by-product: Isotherm study in single and binary systems

The biosorption process of anionic dye Alizarin Red S (ARS) and cationic dye methylene blue (MB) as a function of contact time, initial concentration and solution pH onto olive stone (OS) biomass has been investigated. Equilibrium biosorption isotherms in single and binary systems and kinetics in batch mode were also examined. The kinetic data of the two dyes were better described by the pseudo second-order model. At low concentration, ARS dye appeared to follow a two-step diffusion process, while MB dye followed a three-step diffusion process. The biosorption experimental data for ARS and MB dyes were well suited to the Redlich-Peterson isotherm. The maximum biosorption of ARS dye, qmax = 16.10 mg/g, was obtained at pH 3.28 and the maximum biosorption of MB dye, qmax = 13.20 mg/g, was observed at basic pH values. In the binary system, it was indicated that the MB dye diffuses firstly inside the biosorbent particle and occupies the biosorption sites forming a monodentate complex and then the ARS dye enters and can only bind to untaken sites; forms a tridentate complex with OS active sites.

Percolation as new method of preparation of modified biosorbents for pollutants removal

In the present work, we report the preparation of modified biosorbents from guava seeds, through the conventional and percolation methods, using NaOH solutions, in order to enhance their biosorption capacities. The modified biosorbents obtained from the conventional (MGS-C) and percolation (MGS-P) methods were characterized from the macro-and micronutrient contents, pHdrift method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the biosorbents were applied to equilibrium and kinetic studies for methylene blue (MB) removal. The kinetic models of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and Elovich and isotherm models of Freundlich, Langmuir, Toth, Sips, and Dubinin–Radushkevich were used to evaluate the biosorption experimental data. Kinetic data were best described by Elovich and pseud-second order models for MGS-C and MGS-P, respectively, while biosorption equilibrium data were best fitted by Sips model. The kinetics and isotherm modelling indicated that MB biosorption onto the modified biosorbents occurs in monolayers and the biosorption process is controlled by chemisorption. Moreover, the chemical modification with NaOH provided an increase in the MB biosorption capacity of about 6 times, when compared to the raw biosorbent. The biosorbents MGS-C and MGS-P showed maximum biosorption capacities for MB of 40.26 and 40.90mgg−1, respectively, demonstrating that both modification procedures are sufficiently equivalent, being the percolation process the best, since it doesn’t need an extra filtration step.

Mn(II) Ions Biosorption from Aqueous Solution Using <i>Pleurotus</i> Spent Mushroom Compost under Batch Experiment

The Pleurotus spent mushroom compost was selected as biosorbent to sorption Mn(II) ions. The Mn(II) ions biosorption was investigated under batch experiments. The influences of pH, contact time and initial Mn(II) concentration were also investigated. The optimum Mn(II) ions biosorption was achieved at pH 6, 20 minutes of contact time and 10 mg/L of initial Mn(II) concentration using 1.0 g biosorbent dosage. The Mn(II) ions biosorption experimental data were best described by the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second order kinetic model. As conclusion, the Pleurotus spent mushroom compost can be used to sorption the Mn(II) ions from the aqueous solution.

Microwave assisted immobilization of yeast in cellulose biopolymer as a green adsorbent for the sequestration of chromium

This work highlights the convergence of chemistry and biotechnology through the microwave assisted preparation of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) immobilized in glutaraldehyde cross linked cellulose as a novel and green adsorbent for the removal of toxic Cr(VI). Microwave assisted preparation is a new approach to immobilize a microorganism and it ensured that just 200s was enough for the incorporation of yeast in the biopolymer matrix. The yeast immobilized biopolymer acts as a good host to accommodate the Cr(VI) oxy anion. The hexavalent chromium could be adsorbed effectively at pH 2.5 and the functional groups present in the microbe and cellulose play a dominant role in the interaction. The proof of concept was established through FT-IR, SEM, EDAX, TGA and optical imaging techniques. Thermodynamic feasibility, second order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model authenticates the experimental biosorption data. The yeast impregnated cellulose adsorbent could be regenerated using sodium hydroxide. Yeast and cellulose are non-toxic, inexpensive and easily obtainable and this lucid methodology provides a sustainable alternative for chromium remediation.

Dynamics and Thermodynamics Studies on the Lead and Cadmium Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Padina sp. Algae: Studies in Single and Binary Metal Systems

Raw and modified biomasses prepared from Padina sp. algae have been used as sorbent for the removal of lead and cadmium from single and binary aqueous solutions. The effects of chemical pretreatment, exposure time, initial solution pH, initial metal concentration, and temperature on the metal uptake by the algae were investigated. It was observed that initial solution pH considerably influenced Pb and Cd uptake. The maximum removal occurred at initial pH of 5.0 for lead and 6.0 for cadmium. Also, alkali modified biomass has been shown to have a high uptake capacity for both lead and cadmium. The kinetic and equilibrium experimental data fitting tested with various models. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm provided the best correlation of the kinetic and equilibrium experimental data, respectively. The maximum uptake estimated from the Langmuir isotherm was 264 mg g−1 for lead and 164 mg g−1 for cadmium ions. Experimental biosorption data in binary system were well described by the extended Langmuir model. Various thermodynamic parameters, such as ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° were calculated.

BIOSORPTION STUDIES ON NACL-MODIFIED CERATOPHYLLUM DEMERSUM: REMOVAL OF TOXIC CHROMIUM FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

The present research provides information on the Cr(VI) removal potential of NaCl-modified Ceratophyllum demersum, an aquatic plant biomass. The effects of various parameters including pH, biomass dosage, contact time, and initial concentration on Cr(VI) biosorption were investigated. The best conditions for Cr(VI) biosorption in the present study were: pH of 2, biosorbent dose of 8 g/L, and contact time of 60 min. Under these conditions, maximum adsorption capacity of modified C. demersum for Cr(VI) was 10.20 mg/g. The experimental biosorption data were modeled by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms. The biosorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model with a high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.99). The biosorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Further, the biosorbent was characterized by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that biosorption of Cr(VI) on NaCl-modified C. demersum occurred through chemical sorption.

Equilibrium and kinetic studies of cadmium(II) and lead(II) ions biosorption onto Ficus carcia leaves

Abstract Background Ficus carcia leaves (fig leaves) for the removal of cadmium(II) and lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions have been investigated. Results The biosorption of cadmium(II) and lead(II) ions was found to be dependent on the solution pH, initial metal ion concentrations, biosorbent dose, contact time, and temperature. The experimental equilibrium biosorption data were analyzed by two widely used two parameters, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Conclusions Langmuir isotherm model provided a better fit with the experimental data than Freundlich model by high correlation coefficients R 2. Kinetic studies showed that pseudo-second-order described the biosorption experimental data better than the pseudo-first-order kinetic model.

Biosorption of lead from acid solution using chitosan as a supporting material for spore forming-fungal biomass encapsulation

Asexual spores of the filamentous fungus Rhizopus arrhizus were used as the resting biomass as they tolerate chitosan gelling for mycelia growing in chitosan beads. Biosorption of lead using the dead detergent pre-treated chitosan-immobilised and grown fungal beads was performed with initial lead (II) nitrate concentrations ranging from 9.02 to 281.65 mg/L. The adsorption data were best correlated with equilibrium adsorption isotherms in the order Redlich–Peterson, Langmuir, Freundlich and Fritz–Schlunder by non-linear regression. The biosorption kinetic model of pseudo second-order (R 2 > 0.99) fitted better than pseudo first-order and modified pseudo first-order models. Among the four pseudo second-order kinetic models, the Blanchard model was the best fit for the experimental biosorption data. The rate-limiting step of biosorption of lead was shown to be intraparticle diffusion controlled according to Weber and Morris model fitting. The beads could be regenerated using 1 M nitric acid solution. This illustrated the good performance of the beads for regenerated sorption/desorption at least five cycles.