Biosorbent Mass Research Articles

Valorizing Moroccan crab shells to purify water from Orange G dye: Exploring equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics

A successful approach has been taken to develop a biomaterial derived from fish waste, using Moroccan fish processing by-products from crab shells. Moroccan crab (Portunus pelagicus) shell-derived biomaterial has been developed for wastewater treatment, using marine crustacean waste and addressing the challenges of solid fish waste management. The crab shell powder (CSP) was calcined at 800 °C for three hours and characterized using SEM, EDS, FTIR, and XRD, revealing a predominantly crystalline structure. The CSP's effectiveness as a biosorbent for the removal of the anionic dye Orange G (OG) was assessed under various conditions, including pH, biosorbent mass, temperature, and contact time. Optimal conditions achieved a 98.84 % dye removal rate within 60 min at an adsorbent dose of 0.09 g. The adsorption process adhered to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm, indicating a spontaneous, endothermic surface reaction involving multilayer physisorption. The biosorption mechanism is thought to include electrostatic attractions, n-π stacking interactions, hydrogen bonding, and Yoshida hydrogen bonds. The study suggests that CSP is an efficient, eco-friendly adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment, offering a promising solution for the valorization of fish waste by-products.

Insights into the environmental benefits of using apple pomace for biosorption of lead from contaminated water

The apple processing industry generates large quantities of organic waste, presenting a major source of organic contamination. Consequently, finding an effective solution for valorizing this waste has become a pressing issue. This study aims to address two key concerns: (i) solving an agricultural problem by efficiently using agri-food residue, and (ii) removing lead, an extremely toxic element, from contaminated waters to mitigate environmental pollution. Two biosorbents were tested: raw apple waste (RA), obtained from a mixture of apple varieties, and the same material after extracting valuable bioactive and reusable components, extracted apple (EA). The study evaluated the influence of pH, initial biosorbent mass, adsorption kinetics, and equilibrium isotherms. The results are very promising, showing a lead removal efficiency of 82 % for RA and 100 % for EA at a low initial concentration of the solution of 20 mg Pb2⁺/L and an optimal pH of 5 ± 0.5. The Langmuir model predicted a maximum adsorption capacity of 44.6 mg/g for RA and 48.6 mg/g for EA. These findings demonstrate that apple waste, even after selective extraction of valuable bioactive components, can be effectively used for environmental remediation on a practical scale.

Assessing the sorption of uranium and thorium from simulated solutions using chemically treated biomass of Sargassum aquifolium macroalgae

This study aimed to investigate the potential application of activated Sargassum aquifolium macroalgae (ASAM) as a biosorbent for uranium(VI) and thorium(IV) ions, employing controlled experimental conditions. The parameters examined included pH, biosorbent mass, initial concentration, contact time, and temperature. To enhance sorption characteristics, the raw Sargassum aquifolium macroalgae (SAM) biomass underwent separate pre-treatments using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). Various models were employed to analyze the kinetic and sorption isotherm data, and thermodynamic parameters were determined to assess the sorption mechanism. The KOH-treated SAM demonstrated a higher capacity for biosorbing U(VI) and Th(IV) compared to the acid-treated biomass. The sorption mechanism was investigated through characterization techniques such as FTIR, SEM/EDS, XRD, Zeta-potential, and BET analysis. The desorption-sorption cycle efficiency of both sorbents was evaluated, indicating that 0.1 mol L-1 HNO3 exhibited the most efficient desorption reagent for both metal cations over five consecutive cycles. These findings suggest the potential of ASAM as a biosorbent for removing U(VI) and Th(IV) from aqueous solutions. Furthermore, the study demonstrated the remarkable effectiveness of the two activated sorbents in eliminating U(VI) and Th(IV) ions from real wastewater samples.

Application of artificial neural networks and Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models to the removal of textile dye using biosorbents: A comparative study among methodologies

AbstractAdsorption isotherms are valuable tools for describing the interaction between adsorbate and adsorbent since they demonstrate the equilibrium relationship. The Langmuir and Freundlich models are the most commonly used isotherm models to describe these relationships; still, they cannot consistently deliver efficient results due to the assumptions of the model not predicting more complex situations as occurs in biosorption. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are a set of algorithms modelled loosely after the human brain and are designed to recognize patterns. The ANN tool can overcome problems isotherm models have in describing the interactions mentioned and help define the best conditions for a given adsorption process. This paper reports the application of ANNs for predicting the removal efficiency of textile dye Neolan Black WA (Acid Black 52) using orange peel and sugarcane bagasse as biosorbents. The Freundlich, Langmuir, pseudo‐first‐order, and pseudo‐second‐order models were applied and compared to the ANN model. The parameters evaluated were initial dye concentration (10–600 mg/L), final dye concentration (0–83.44 mg/L), biosorbent mass (1.5 g), pH (2), and contact time of dye (0.167–24 h). Two classes of ANNs, Elman and feed‐forward networks, were tested with a mean square error of 0.0212 and 0.7274 for the isotherm and kinetics, respectively. Compared to the conventional isotherm and kinetic models, the Elman network predicted the amount adsorbed by the biosorbents with higher precision, acquiring a determination coefficient of 0.9998 and a mean square error of 8.75 × 10−5.

Application of Aptenia cordifolia powder as a biosorbent for methylene blue retention from an aqueous medium: Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic investigations

In this study, Aptenia cordifolia powder was utilized as a biosorbent material to effectively treat a synthetic aqueous solution polluted with methylene blue. The characterization of Aptenia cordifolia was conducted according to several analyses, including Fourier transforms infrared, scanning electron microscopy, the point of zero charge and energy dispersive X-ray. The retention process was investigated considering several factors including biosorbent mass, contact time, initial solution pH, temperature, and the initial concentration of methylene blue. The results obtained indicate that the optimal dose of adsorbent was 2 g.L−1. The equilibrium time was approximately 120 min, and the biosorption capacity of the biosorbent increases with an increase in pH. The pseudo-second-order model describes adequately the retention of methylene blue using Aptenia cordifolia. The Langmuir model proved to be more applicable in the analysis of the isotherm data, indicating a maximum retention amount of 51.82 mg.g−1. Moreover, the removal of methylene blue was thermodynamically endothermic, spontaneous, and favorable. These findings demonstrate the potential of Aptenia cordifolia biomass as an effective biosorbent for the treatment of dyes contaminated effluents.

Saccharomyces pastorianus Residual Biomass Immobilized in a Polymer Matrix as a Biosorbent for Reactive Dye Removal: Investigations in a Dynamic System.

The use of residual microbial biomass from various industries in emerging pollutant removal strategies represents a new area of research in the field. In this case, we examined how to remove reactive dyes from an aqueous solution utilizing a biosorbent made of residual biomass from immobilized Saccharomyces pastorianus (S. pastorianus) in a polymer matrix using a dynamic system. Fluidized bed column biosorption investigations were carried out on a laboratory scale. Brilliant Red HE-3B was chosen as the target molecule. The main parameters considered for this purpose were the flow rate (4.0 mL/min; 6.1 mL/min), initial pollutant concentration (51.2 mg/L; 77.84 mg/L), and biosorbent mass (16 g; 20 g). The experimental data of the fluidized bed study were evaluated by mathematical modeling. The Yoon-Nelson, Bohart-Adams, Clark, and Yan models were investigated for an appropriate correlation with the experimental data. An acceptable fit was obtained for a flow rate of 4 mL/min, an initial pollutant concentration of 51.2 mg/L, and a biosorbent amount of 20 g. The obtained results indicate that the biosorbent can be used efficiently in a dynamic system both for the removal of the studied dye and in extended operations with a continuous flow of wastewater. As a conclusion, the investigated biocomposite material can be considered a viable biosorbent for testing in the removal of reactive dyes from aqueous environments and creates the necessary conditions for the extension of studies toward the application of these types of biosorbents in the treatment of industrial effluents loaded with organic dyes.

Valorization of Silybum marianum seed shells waste as biosorbent for basic fuchsin dye removal from water: kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic studies

Over the last decades, the valorization of agro-industrial wastes into adsorbents has received a lot of attention due to the low-cost, high performance and sustainability factors. This work aims to valorize Silybum marianum seed shells (SMSS) as biosorbent for the removal of basic fuchsin dye (BF) from water. The prepared biosorbent from SMSS was characterized to check the morphological and structural proprieties using several techniques including FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA-DTA, and BET. It was found that SMSS has a fibrous semi-amorphous structure typical of lignocellulosic materials. The study also investigated the impact of numerous operational parameters on basic fuchsin biosorption efficiency, including particle size, biosorbent mass, stirring speed, initial dye concentration, temperature, and pH of solution. Additionally, the research explored the influence of natural water matrices on dye removal. The adsorption performance was found to be higher at basic pH values, reaching 97.50%. The adsorption process was analyzed using different kinetic models, and it was found that the process follows a pseudo-second-order model. The experimental data was thoroughly scrutinized using the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The results confirm that Langmuir model fits well the BF dye adsorption on SMSS surface. The thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption process of BF dye onto SMSS was endothermic. Overall, SMSS shows great adsorption ability which might be a good candidate for real wastewater treatment, by considering low-cost and availability of the original waste.

EFFICIENT BIOCOAGULANT Azardicta Indica BARK POWDER FOR ARSENIC (III) REMOVAL IN THE SOLUTION PHASE

This study aims to remove arsenic from groundwater by employing a series of batch studies on Azardicta Indica bark powder that vary in terms of physic-chemical factors such as contact time, dose, pH, initial arsenic content, and temperature. The rate of arsenic absorption decreased as it moved farther inside the biosorbent particles from its initial quick pace. At a pH of 4.0-6.0 and a dosage of 1.5 gm, the impact of contact duration on arsenic biosorption was investigated for 30 minutes.As the initial arsenic concentration rises, the proportion of arsenic biosorption decreases because mass transfer between the solute and solution interface is impeded at higher concentrations. Through the assessment of the biosorbent's mass transfer coefficients, the experimental outcomes were accurately documented in terms of Freundlich and to some degree Temkin isotherms with values of R2 0.998 and 0.956, respectively.

Pengaruh Kecepatan Pengadukan dan Waktu Kontak Ampas Kulit Durian (Durio Zibethinus L.) terhadap Penyerapan Ion Logam Tembaga (II) dengan Metode Batch

One of the effective methods in handling the impact of pollution by copper ion is the biosorption method using durian peel powder (Durio Zibethinus L.). The purpose of this research is to determine the optimum absorption conditions and the optimum capacity for absorption of copper metal ions (Cu2+) using the batch method with variations in pH, concentration, stirring speed, contact time, and mass of biosorbent. The results of the research showed that the optimum conditions for the absorption of Cu2+ metal ions were at pH 6, concentration of 220 ppm, stirring speed of 250 rpm, contact time of 90 minutes and mass of biosorbent 0,4 gram was 7,788 mg/g. The adsorption isotherm of Cu2+ metal with durian skin biosorbent (Durio Zibethinus L.) tends to follow the Langmuir isotherm equation with a determinant coefficient (R) of 0,1854. Durian peel powder was characterized by the FTIR instrument, before being activated, after being activated, and after contacting the analyte there were functional groups, namely hydroxyl (O-H), alkene (C=C), carbonyl (C-O), and ether (-COC) groups.

A BIOSORBENT MATERIAL FROM BRAHEA EDULIS PALM LEAVES – APPLICATION TO AMOXICILLIN ADSORPTION

In this study, fibers from the leaves of Brahea edulis palm (BEF) have been successfully used as a cheap, sustainable and eco-friendly biosorbent to remove the antibiotic Amoxicillin (AMX) from an aqueous solution using a batch process. This pharmaceutical product is present in domestic and industrial waste water. The characterization of BEF was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of XRD showed that BEF has a semicrystalline structure. SEM images revealed its morphology, surface structure and porous nature. FTIR results showed the presence of different functional groups (hydroxyls, carboxyls, amines, etc.). Several physicochemical parameters, such as porosity, ash content, moisture content, and isoelectronic point (pHpzc), were analyzed. The batch biosorption process of Amoxicillin by BEF was monitored with a UV-visible spectrophotometer at λ = 228 nm. Different operating parameters, such as contact time, biosorbent mass, pH, temperature and adsorbate concentration, were evaluated to find the maximum level of biosorption. The contact time of 90 minutes, 50 mg/L initial Amoxicillin concentration, 1.5 g biosorbent mass and 313 K temperature were found to be the optimum conditions that led to a percentage removal of AMX of 58% at pH 6.5. The maximum adsorption at high temperature indicates that this biosorption process is spontaneous and endothermic.

Activated Charcoal from Coffee Dregs Waste as an Alternative Biosorbent of Cu(II) and Ag(I)

This study examines the use of coffee dregs waste as biosorbents of Cu(II) and Ag(I). Coffee dregs waste still contains a high level of carbon and cellulose for biosorbents production. The production process was started with charcoal activation using H3PO4. The batch method was applied by variations of contact time, the mass of the biosorbent, and the initial concentration of metal ions. The results showed that Cu(II) and Ag(I) were optimally adsorbed at pH 6 and 4, respectively. The amount of adsorbed metal ions increased with adsorption contact time. The adsorption process of both metal ions reaches stability within 60 min and the optimum biosorbent mass is 1 g. Isothermal adsorption studies show that Cu(II) adsorption tends to follow Langmuir isotherm with an adsorption energy of 31.42 kJ/mol and Ag(I) adsorption follows Freundlich isotherms with an adsorption energy of 27.74 kJ/mol. Based on the results, the interaction between metal ions and adsorbents is a chemical adsorption process and coffee dregs charcoal has the potential to adsorb Cu(II) and Ag(I) metal ions.

Liquid treatment of food coloring industry waste using coconut and chitosan in removal dyes

Liquid waste has a component containing water that has been mixed with chemical compounds. One example of liquid waste containing chemical compounds is wastewater from a food coloring industry. The liquid waste of the food coloring industry has a very strong color density so that it has a negative impact on the environment, therefore it is necessary to treat liquid waste in order to meet the quality standards of wastewater in accordance with East Java Governor Regulation number 72 of 2013. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding dose of coagulant and mass of biosorbent on percent color removal in food coloring industrial wastewater. The results showed that the addition of 35% coagulant and 13% biosorbent resulted in 97% optimal removal of color.

Optimization of Pb Adsorption from Seawater from Former Bauxite Mines Using Crab Shell Waste

Crab shell waste can cause pollution to the surrounding environment, but has the potential to be used as a biosorbent in the absorption of heavy metals, especially Pb because crab shells contain CaCO3 and chitin. Methods: Several variables that play a role in the biosorption process, among others: initial metal concentration, biosorbent mass, and contact time. Pb metal was determined by the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method. Results: The results showed that the crab shell biosorbent contained Pb 0.019 mg/g. The concentration of Pb in the shell was used as a correction factor. Optimal result for parameter of initial concentration of Pb is 100 mg/L with efficiency percentage (99.11 ± 0.02)% and adsorption capacity (620.15 ± 0.3) ug/g. The optimal result of contact time is 120 minutes with efficiency percentage (91.22 ± 0.13)%. The optimal yield of biosorbent mass based on the percentage efficiency (98.01 ± 0.2)% is 2 grams. Conclusion: This study can show that crab shell waste can be used as an effective biosorbent for Pb metal adsorption. The results of the optimization of the best factors to be used in the biosorption process of Pb metal were the initial concentration of 100 mg/L, the mass of the biosorbent was 3 grams and the contact time was 110 minutes. The optimum conditions for Pb adsorption were successfully applied to seawater from the former bauxite mine.

Optimization of Biosorbent on Cd(II) Metal Biosorption Using Duck Eggshell Waste

Every year the production of duck eggs in Indonesia has increased, this case leads to an increase in the waste of duck eggshells. Duck eggshell waste has components that can be utilized into a biosorbent. To improve the quality of the biosorbent, can be done with an activation method and immobilization method. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of biosorbents made from duck eggshell waste in absorbing Cd(II) metal. In this study, duck eggshells were activated with physical activation by heating in a furnace at a temperature of 900oC for 2 hours. Independent variables of this study are biosorbent mass, contact time and concentration of cadmium solution. Critical values for Cd levels optimization conditions are accomplished when the biosorbent mass 1.45 grams, contact time 100 minutes and Cd solution concentration 86 ppm with a percentage decrease in Cd levels in the amount of 89%.

Biosorption kinetics of cerium(III) and cobalt(II) from liquid wastes using individual bacterial species isolated from low-level liquid radioactive wastes.

The existence of toxic heavy metals in the aquatic environment has emphasized a considerable exigency to develop several multifunctional biosorbents for their removal. Herein, three individual bacterial species of Cellulosimicrobium cellulans, Bacillus coagulans, and Microbacterium testaceum were successfully isolated from low-level liquid radioactive wastes. Their loading capacities towards cerium and cobalt metal ions were inclusivity inspected under variable operational parameters of pH, primary pollutant concentration, interaction time, temperature, stirring speed, and biosorbent dosage. By analyzing the influence of solution pH, concentration, temperature, biosorbent mass, and agitation speed on the biosorption kinetics, the biosorption process confirms pseudo-second-order kinetic, intraparticle diffusion, and Elovich equation. Remarkably, the isolated Microbacterium testaceum exhibited high loading capacities reaching 68.1mgg-1, and 49.6mgg-1 towards Ce(III), and Co(II) ions, respectively, at the initial concentration of 2.8mM, pH 4.5, and 25°C. Overall, the isolated bacterial species can potentially be offered up as a promising scavenger for Ce(III) and Co(II) from liquid waste effluents.

Effective removal of chemical oxygen demand from sanitary landfill leachate using raw and chemically treated olive stones

ABSTRACT The biosorption capacity of untreated olive stones (OS) and olive stones chemically treated (TOS) to remove COD's landfill leachate was investigated in this study. Characterization of the both biosorbents was performed using XRD, SEM, FTIR and 13C NMR techniques. Leachate was taken from Hassi Bounif Sanitary Landfill (HBSL) in Oran (Western Algeria). So, Hassi Bounif Leachate (HBL) exhibited a basic pH between 7.83 and 8.2, high COD level varying from 5,200 to 8,000 mg.L-1, low BOD5/COD ratio from 0.1 to 0.16, and high NH3-N concentrations ranged from 2,300 to 2,800 mg.L-1. Accordingly, this leachate can be classified as an intermediate leachate that is likely to stabilize. Biosorption studies were carried out in a batch system and the effects of contact time, media pH, and biosorbent mass on the removal efficiency of COD were explored. Based on results obtained at pH=11, contact times of 55 and 105 min were achieved for biosorbent masses of 0.1 g for TOS and 0.3 g for OS, respectively, and were found to be the optimal operating conditions for HBL treatment. Thus, the highest COD removal efficiencies of 79.94 and 67.04% were reached for TOS and OS, correspondently. The pseudo-second order model was the best fitted to our experimental data with high regression coefficients (R2 ≥ 0.98). The Langmuir isotherm model adequately represented the COD removal process, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 90.91 mg.g-1 for TOS and 31.25 mg.g-1 for OS at T=50°C and pH=11. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the biosorption process was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic. These findings suggested that TOS might be employed as an inexpensive and effective biosorbent for COD removal from stabilized leachate. They can also provide baseline information and design assistance for a leachate treatment plant at the HBSL site, as well as for any sanitary landfill in Algeria.

Corn Husk as Anionic Surfactant Biosorbent in Detergent Waste

Corn Husk contains cellulose which has potential to become a biosorbent of anionic surfactant. This research aimed to know the optimum mass of corn husk biosorbent to reduce the amount of anionic surfactant in detergent waste and knew the characteristic of the biosorbent pores by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). This research used activation method by using NaOH 5 % for 90 minutes, and used mass variation 28 gr, 32 gr, 36 gr. The amount of anionic surfactant was determined with MBAS method. The result of SEM showed that the diameter of the biosorbent pores got larger after being activated from 2.12 nm to 3.41 nm. This experiment showed that activation had removed lignin which was bound to cellulose. The optimum mass of biosorbent was 32 gr which had reduced the amount of anionic surfactant from 92.8 mg/l to 77.9 mg/l with maximum adsorption capacity 0.1862 mg/g.

Applicability of new sustainable and efficient alginate-based composites for critical raw materials recovery: General composites fabrication optimization and adsorption performance evaluation

Based on the 2020 list of raw materials for the EU, there are 30 critical minerals on the critical raw materials list, among which the rare earth elements group is placed. This study demonstrates a viable approach to the increasing possibility of the critical materials recovery through biosorption. The environmentally friendly biosorbents were prepared modifying calcium alginate with biochar and clinoptilolite. Firstly, the optimization procedure was applied for obtaining new biocomposites. After that the adsorption studies of La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), and Nd(III) ions as a function of solution pH, biosorbent mass, interaction time, initial metal concentration, temperature, and competing ions presence were carried out using the batch mode. The kinetic studies were analyzed using the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion, Boyd as well as Dumwald-Wagner kinetic models. The experimental equilibrium data were fitted using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. The thermodynamic functions, i.e. ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° were also determined. Importantly, the biocomposite beads were readily regenerated using diluted mineral acids (exemplary 0.1 mol/dm3 HNO3) and moreover, the adsorption effectiveness was very satisfactory even after six adsorption–desorption cycles (97%). New biocomposites as potential sorbents were characterized with ATR/FT-IR and XPS spectroscopy, SEM, EDX, OM and AFM microscopy, nitrogen adsorption, TG/DTG, CHNS, XRD as well as the sieve analysis and pHpzc measurements. After the interactions of the alginate composites with La(III) ions, a possible sorption mechanism was analyzed by ATR/FT-IR, XPS, and EDX spectroscopy.

Innovative Recovery of Winemaking Waste for Effective Lead Removal from Wastewater

Every year, important quantities of winemaking waste create problems for wine producers. These problems arise from the difficulty of disposing of grape marc, which can pollute the environment and affect nearby agricultural crops. The present research proposes a new direction for the valorization of this agri-food waste in residual water depollution. Four biomaterials obtained from winemaking waste were tested for Pb removal: raw Merlot grape marc (MR), raw Sauvignon Blanc grape marc (SbR), Merlot grape marc biorefined (ME) and Sauvignon Blanc grape marc biorefined (SbE). The effects of biosorbent mass and initial Pb concentration, adsorption kinetic, equilibrium isotherms and the matrix influence from a mine effluent were assessed. Very good perspectives for the practical application in lead uptake from wastewaters arise, with better results for biorefined grape marc compared to raw material. The lead removal percentage from an initial solution containing 20 mg Pb/L, at optimum pH (5.5 ± 0.5) was 71%—MR, 78%—SbR, 80%—ME, and 97%—SbE. A Langmuir model revealed a very good removal capacity for ME (40 mg/g) and SbE (64 mg/g). Thus, the grape marc, a polluting waste, can turn into a low-cost and easy-to-prepare sorbent for the bioremediation of contaminated water.

Adsorpsi Logam Kadmium dalam Limbah Cair Buatan Menggunakan Biosorben Kulit Pisang Mas (Musa acuminate colla)

Mas banana ( Musa acuminata Colla) peel is a type of household waste as well as agricultural waste whose utilization still needs to be improved. In addition, among various types of heavy metals that are dangerous as contaminants in the environment, cadmium metal is a metal that is very dangerous to health even in very small amounts. Therefore, this study aims to not only utilize the waste of Mas banana peel ( Musa acuminata Colla) as a biosorbent, but also to determine the optimum conditions needed to reduce cadmium metal which involves several test parameters, namely stirring time, pH and mass of biosorbent. Variations of stirring time used include 10, 20, 30, 35, and 45 minutes; variations in pH used include 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, while variations in the mass of biosorbent used include 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 and 2.5 grams. The results showed that the optimum conditions were obtained at a mixing time of 35 minutes, pH 5, and a mass of 2 grams of biosorbent with a reduction percentage value of 78.45%. This percentage indicates that Mas banana peel can be used as a natural adsorbent for cadmium metal. In addition, the results of the FT-IR analysis of the Mas banana peel biosorbent showed that Mas banana peel has a functional group that plays a role in the heavy metal adsorption process.