Biosorbent For Removal Of Cd Research Articles

Cd(II) sorption by Nostoc sp. JRD1: Kinetic, thermodynamic and isotherm studies

The present work describes the biosorption of Cd 2 + by a cyanobacterium isolated from water of an effluent reservoir of Hindustan Paper Corporation Limited, Jagiroad, India polluted with different heavy metal ions. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that an extensive literature search did not yield any report of biosorption by any cyanobacterium isolated from paper mill effluent. The molecular identification technique established the cyanobacterium as a Nostoc sp. and was named Nostoc sp. JRD1. The organism showed relatively high tolerance to Cd 2 + as a 24 h Cd 2 + (0.5 ppm) exposure showed no significant changes in its morphology and ultrastructure under bright-field, scanning and transmission microscopic study. Cd 2 + binding to its cell surface was confirmed by SEM-EDX investigation and FTIR analysis identified the functional groups involved in Cd 2 + binding. Cd 2 + biosorption by live biomass of the organism from aqueous solution was a function of initial inoculum size and metal ion concentration, pH, temperature and shaking rate and under optimized conditions the organism biosorbed 94% Cd 2 + from a solution supplied with 0.5 ppm Cd 2 + within 24 h. Of this total removed Cd 2 + , 89.5% was adsorbed on the cell surfaces while 7.2% was internalized. Kinetic study revealed Cd 2 + biosorption to be instantaneous (5–30 min) and fitted best in the pseudo-first-order kinetic model with q e cal value of 41.8 mg/g. Thermodynamic study indicated the process of biosorption as energetically favorable with a negative Δ G value and was exothermic in nature. Cd 2 + biosorption followed Langmuir isotherm best with a R 2 value of 0.98, and a maximum biosorption capacity, Q max of 24.7 mg/g. Almost similar Cd 2 + removal (92%) was found in a photo-bioreactor study compared to the removal scenario in a small conical flask (94%). The various outcomes of the study suggested that live Nostoc sp. JRD1 biomass is extremely suitable as biosorbent for removal of Cd 2 + from contaminated waters. • Morphological and ultrastructural studies confirmed Cd 2+ tolerance of Nostoc sp. JRD1. • The isolate could remove 94% Cd 2+ from a solution containing 0.5 ppm Cd 2+ . • Kinetic, thermodynamic & biosorption studies showed Cd 2+ sorption to be favorable. • Conditions Optimization enhanced biosorption percentage significantly. • Scanty information on any cyanobacteria isolated from paper mill effluent.

Potentiality of Neopestalotiopsis clavispora ASU1 in biosorption of cadmium and zinc

In this study, a fungal isolate was isolated from avocado fruit collected from a market in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia, and identified as Neopestalotiopsis clavispora ASU1. The biomass of Neopestalotiopsis clavispora ASU1 was used as a natural bio-sorbent for removal of Cd(II) and Zn(II) from aqueous solutions. Characterization of fungal biomass was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray Diffractometer, and BET surface area. Different factors on Cd(II) and Zn(II) biosorption were studied to evaluate the maximum conditions for metals biosorption. The (qmax) for Cd(II) and Zn (II) by N. clavispora ASU1 calculated from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm was 185.3 ± 0.25 and 153.8 ± 0.21 mg/g, respectively. Based on r2, the equilibrium biosorption isotherms fitted well with Langmuir model than Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption kinetics was studied, and the biosorption followed to the pseudo-second-order model. Thus, the current study indicated that the biomass of N. clavispora ASU1 is an effective adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.

Evaluation of different Fusarium species–wheat interactions effect on Cd biosorption by wheat seedlings

Cadmium as common inorganic toxicants is strongly phytotoxic, and its uptake has been well documented. In the present study, the ability of isolated fungal strains toward remediation of cadmium was studied through minimum inhibition concentration. Ninety-two Cadmuim tolerant fungal strains belong to different species were isolated from some contaminated site in Isfahan/Iran. Among different isolated fungi, Fusarium species were selected for further analysis. The majority of the isolates were able to tolerate up to 250 ppm concentration of Cd. In addition, cadmium biosorption of inoculated and non-inoculated wheat with Fusarium species was measured in the laboratory experiments to determine the role of fungal partner in heavy metal biosorption by plants. Fungal cadmium adsorption conformed to the dry weight of fungal biomass. Among these isolates F. oxysporum, F. circinatum and some Fusarium sp. were found to be most significant in reducing Cd content, respectively, in the liquid media. Fusarium oxysporum exhibited the maximum fungal mass dry weight/Cd concentration (ppm) of 652/43 at 100 ppm of Cd. Pathogenicity tests were performed to determine the kind of Fusarium species parasitism behavior. The interaction between different Fusarium species and wheat seedlings was evaluated and reflected the higher uptake of Cd by wheat plants in interaction with some pathogenic Fusarium species but not all of them. Endophytic F. oxysporum showed a significant reduction in Cd absorption in wheat in comparison with the control. This indicated the potential of this isolate as biosorbent for removal of Cd and seeds inoculation for more efficient and practical purpose.

The physicochemical characterization, equilibrium, and kinetics of heavy metal ions adsorption from aqueous solution by arrowhead plant (Sagittaria trifoliaL.) stalk

The arrowhead plant stalk (APS) has been investigated as a novel biosorbent for removal of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cr(III) ions from aqueous solution. The surface physicochemical properties favorable for metals adsorption were systematically characterized. The Langmuir isotherm fitted well with Cd(II) and Pb(II) adsorption process onto APS while Dubinin–Radushkevich model best described Cr(III) sorption. The maximal adsorption capacities of APS for Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cr(III) were up to 38.2, 97.1, and 23.5 mg·g−1, respectively. The adsorption kinetic data of individual metal fitted the pseudo-second order model best. The adsorption of Cd(II) was exothermic, whereas the Pb(II) and Cr(III) underwent endothermic reaction. Overall, this investigation indicated, for the first time, APS is a potentially efficient biosorbent applied in Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cr(III) adsorption. It is also helpful for further utilizing the abundant quantity of APS which were abandoned in dietary arrowhead processing. Practical applications The growing food industry around world generates large quantity of by-products. The high value-added utilization of food processing by-products is one of the most important area in food industry. An attempt was made in present study to use the food by-product, arrowhead plant stalk (APS), as a novel biosorbent for removing Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cr(III) ions. In present study, it was evidenced that the adsorption capacities of APS for Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cr(III) were obviously higher than those of most reported agricultural by-products. This finding is significant for sustainable utilization of food crop arrowhead plant and elimination of environmental issues arising from the abandoned arrowhead plant stalk.

Characteristics and influencing factors of cadmium biosorption by the stem powder of the invasive plant species Solidago canadensis

To reveal the performance of stem powder of Solidago canadensis as a putatively advantageous biosorbent for removal of Cd(II) from simulated waste water, the kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of biosorption, the effects of ionic strength, humic acid and the physio-chemical factors on biosorption, as well as the desorption and regeneration processes were investigated comprehensively. The stem of S. canadensis was oven-dried and processed into fine powder then mixed with 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L or 20 mg/L Cd(II) solution. The residual concentration was measured using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The reacting conditions were optimized to pH = 6.0 with a dosage of 0.5 g/L for contact of 240 min. The results showed that: the biosorption reaction is best described by Langmuir monolayer isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models; thermodynamic analysis indicates an exothermic and entropy-decreasing biosorption process; at the optimal temperature 298 K, the saturated biosorption capacity was 19.34 mg/g, greater than that of rise husk and wheat straw reported literally; the increase of ionic strength was beneficial to the capacity of biosorption, for example 0.01 mmol/L and, 0.1 mmol/L Na+ increased the biosorption capacity from 17.58 mg/g to 19.03 mg/g and 19.50 mg/g; the presence of 20 mg/L Ca (II) Mg(II) or humic acid reduced the biosorption capacity by 62.2%, 44.0% and 51.9%, respectively; growing additional amounts of alkaline earth metal ions or humic acid increasingly reduce the biosorption capacity; using 0.01 mmol/L HCl as an agent to regenerate the Cd(II)-loaded biosorbent, the biosorption efficiency decreased to 69.11% of the first round biosorption after 4 cycles. Our results demonstrate that the stem powder of S. canadensis is a promising biomass-based biosorbent for the removal of Cd(II) from waste water for its fine capacity of biosorption and regeneration.

Assessment of heat-inactivated marine Aspergillus flavus as a novel biosorbent for removal of Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II) from water.

A novel marine fungus was isolated and classified as Aspergillus flavus strain EGY11. The heat-inactivated form of isolated Aspergillus flavus was investigated and evaluated as a new eco-friendly and highly efficient biosorbent for removal of toxic heavy metals such as Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The SEM morphological studies of biosorbent-loaded metal ions confirmed their direct binding on the surface of heat-inactivated Aspergillus flavus. The metal biosorption capacity values were determined and optimized by the batch technique in the presence of various experimental controlling factors such as pH, contact time, biosorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, and coexisting species. The maximum metal capacity values of Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II) were cauterized as 1550 (pH7.0), 950 (pH7.0), and 1000μmolg-1 (pH6.0), respectively. The equilibrium time for removal of metal ions was identified as 40min. The maximum sorption capacity values (1200.0-4000.0μmolg-1) were established by 5.0mg as the optimum mass of biosorbent. The collected biosorption data obtained from the equilibrium studies using the initial metal ion concentration were described by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm (D-R) isotherm models. The potential implementation of heat-inactivated Aspergillus flavus biosorbent for heavy metal removal from different water samples was successfully accomplished using multistage microcolumn technique. The results refer to excellent percentage recovery values in the ranges 92.7-99.0, 91.3-95.6, and 95.3-98.2% for the biosorptive removal of Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II), respectively, from the examined environmental samples.

Compost from poultry hatchery waste as a biosorbent for removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions

AbstractCompost from poultry hatchery waste (CPHW) was used as an efficient biosorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Single and competitive adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) onto CPHW were studied. The optimum pH of the aqueous solution for Cd(II) and Pb(II) adsorption was found to be in the range 3 to 5. The pseudo‐second order model enabled a better description of the adsorption kinetics. Equilibrium data obtained at 25, 35, and 45 °C were better described by the Sips isotherm than by the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated by applying the Sips isotherm were 32.3 mg/g for Cd(II) and 142.6 mg/g for Pb(II) at 25 °C. In binary metal ion solutions, a decrease in the adsorption capacity for both heavy metals was observed. The single and competitive adsorption tests revealed that the adsorption affinity was higher for Pb(II) than for Cd(II). Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0 indicated that the adsorption was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic. FTIR spectroscopy characterization showed that carboxyl and hydroxyl groups were involved in the adsorption of the metals. SEM‐EDX analysis confirmed that Cd(II) and Pb(II) may replace Ca(II) from biosorbent surface. Therefore, the results suggest that CPHW can be used as an economical biosorbent for Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions.

Biosorption of Cadmium by Citrobacter sp. JH 11-2 Isolated from Mining Site Soil

The wide use of cadmium (Cd) in batteries and semiconductors poses human and environmental health hazards when these materials are disposed. Citrobacter sp. JH 11-2, isolated from soil at an abandoned mining site, shows potential for use as a biosorbent for Cd removal from aqueous solution. A minimal inhibitory concentration of 300 mg L−1 indicated high tolerance of the strain to Cd. The strain effectively removed 47.7% of the Cd from a 100 mg L−1 solution within 160 h. Cell fractioning revealed that most of the Cd (43.5%) was in the membrane fraction, while 38.5% was in the peptidoglycan layer and 18.0% was in the cytoplasmic fraction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of functional groups on dried Citrobacter sp. JH 11-2 cells that can adsorb or complex Cd ions. A Langmuir model provided a good fit to Cd removal by the cells, which followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Results support further development of Citrobacter sp. JH 11-2 as a biosorbent for Cd removal.

Removal of cadmium from aqueous solution by immobilized Microcystis aeruginosa: Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics

The Microcystis aeruginosa (MA) was immobilized on sodium alginate and used as biosorbent for removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution. The biosorption process is pH dependent, and the optimum biosorption was observed at pH 6.0 with the biosorption capacity of 98.38 mg/g. Among Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models, the Freundlich and the Temkin isotherm fit well with the experimental data. Cd(II) ions biosorption follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The rate controlling mechanism study reveals that film diffusion is the rate-limiting step and intraparticle diffusion is also involved in biosorption. Thermodynamic parameters, such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG o), the enthalpy (ΔH po) and entropy (ΔS o) were calculated, and revealed that the biosorption process is spontaneous, exothermic and random. Furthermore, the immobilized MA can be regenerated using 0.1 mol/L HCl solutions.

Effect of sodium chloride and cadmium on the growth, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii

Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is a salt-tolerant yeast species capable of removing cadmium (Cd) pollutant from aqueous solution. Presently, the physiological characteristics of Z. rouxii under the stress of sodium chloride (NaCl) and Cd are poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of NaCl and Cd on the growth, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities of Z. rouxii after stress treatment for 24 h. Results showed that NaCl or Cd alone negatively affected the growth of Z. rouxii, but the growth-inhibiting effect of Cd on Z. rouxii was reduced in the presence of NaCl. Flow cytometry assay showed that under Cd stress, NaCl significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death of Z. rouxii compared with those in the absence of NaCl. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) of Z. rouxii were significantly enhanced by 2%–6% NaCl, which likely contributed to the high salt tolerance of Z. rouxii. The POD activity was inhibited by 20 mg L−1 Cd while the SOD and CAT activities were enhanced by 8 mg L−1 Cd and inhibited by 20 mg L−1 or 50 mg L−1 Cd. The inhibitory effect of high-level Cd on the antioxidant enzyme activities of Z. rouxii was counteracted by the combined use of NaCl, especially at 6%. This probably accounted for the decrease in Cd-induced ROS production and cell death of Z. rouxii after incubation with NaCl and Cd. Our work provided physiological clues as to the use of Z. rouxii as a biosorbent for Cd removal from seawater and liquid highly salty food.

Development of Poly(acrylic acid)-Modified Bacterial Biomass As a High-Performance Biosorbent for Removal of Cd(II) from Aqueous Solution

Anionic polymer, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), was chemically attached onto the surface of Corynebacterium glutamicum biomass in order to introduce plenty of binding sites for cationic metals. In addition, to reinforce the mechanical strength of PAA-modified biomass (PAAB), it was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GA), referred as PAAB-G. Cd(II) was chosen as a model cationic pollutant in this work. FTIR and SEM were used to characterize PAAB-G. pH edge experiments revealed that Cd(II) biosorption was favored at pH 6. According to the Langmuir model, PAAB-G recorded the maximum Cd(II) uptake of 139.8 mg g–1, with 3.2 times enhancement comparing that for raw biomass. Kinetic experiments showed that equilibrium was quickly obtained within 10 and 30 min for the raw biomass and PAAB-G, respectively. Desorption studies indicated that Cd-loaded PAAB-G could be easily eluted by adjusting water solution to pH 2.0. Therefore, this simple and cost-effective method for surface modification can be considered as a promisi...

Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaf powder as a biosorbent for removal of Cd(II) from aqueous medium

A biosorbent, Neem leaf powder (NLP), was prepared from the mature leaves of the Azadirachta indica (Neem) tree by initial cleaning, drying, grinding, washing to remove pigments and redrying. The powder was characterized with respect to specific surface area (21.45 m 2 g −1), surface topography and surface functional groups and the material was used as an adsorbent in a batch process to remove Cd(II) from aqueous medium under conditions of different concentrations, NLP loadings, pH, agitation time and temperature. Adsorption increased from 8.8% at pH 4.0 to 70.0% at pH 7.0 and 93.6% at pH 9.5, the higher values in alkaline medium being due to removal by precipitation. The adsorption was very fast initially and maximum adsorption was observed within 300 min of agitation. The kinetics of the interactions was tested with pseudo first order Lagergren equation (mean k 1 = 1.2 × 10 −2 min −1), simple second order kinetics (mean k 2 = 1.34 × 10 −3 g mg −1 min −1), Elovich equation, liquid film diffusion model (mean k = 1.39 × 10 −2 min −1) and intra-particle diffusion mechanism. The adsorption data gave good fits with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and yielded Langmuir monolayer capacity of 158 mg g −1 for the NLP and Freundlich adsorption capacity of 18.7 L g −1. A 2.0 g of NLP could remove 86% of Cd(II) at 293 K from a solution containing 158.8 mg Cd(II) per litre. The mean values of the thermodynamic parameters, Δ H, Δ S and Δ G, at 293 K were −73.7 kJ mol −1, −0.24 J mol −1 K −1 and −3.63 kJ mol −1, respectively, showing the adsorption process to be thermodynamically favourable. The results have established good potentiality for the Neem leaf powder to be used as a biosorbent for Cd(II).

Selective cadmium removal from hard water using NaOH-treated cells of the cyanobacterium Tolypothrix tenuis

Cadmium removal from water in the presence of Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ was investigated using the filamentous cyanobacterium Tolypothrix tenuis. Untreated cells of T. tenuis exhibited a low degree of selectivity with respect to the removal of Cd in the presence of Ca 2+ or Mg 2+. Pretreatment of cells with 0.1 M NaOH, however, greatly increased the level of their Cd adsorption. Langmuir parameters were calculated and the amounts of Cd adsorbed were compared for different concentrations of Ca 2+. The results showed that NaOH pretreatment of cells increased their Cd adsorbing ability in the presence of Ca 2+. Pretreatment with NaOH was also shown to be applicable to other cyanobacterial strains. It is thought that the biomass of filamentous cyanobacteria treated by NaOH could be utilized as a novel biosorbent for Cd removal, even from hard water containing a high concentration of Ca 2+ and/or Mg 2+.