Bioremediation Of Industrial Wastewater Research Articles

Bioremediation of industrial wastewater: A synergistic approach

Bioremediation of industrial wastewater: A synergistic approach

Bioremediation of Industrial Wastewater: A Review

Water pollution is on the rise because of increased human population and activities, unsustainable agricultural practices, and rapid industrialization, and it is a major global concern. Therefore, there is a scarcity of clean water, which has been related to diseases like typhoid, diarrhea, cholera, jaundice, and others. Major contaminants include heavy metals, organic, and inorganic pollutants. The use of naturally occurring microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, or plants i.e., Bioremediation to treat polluted wastewater has proven to be effective and efficient. This article briefly discusses the impact of water pollution on the environment, as well as various strategies for removing it.

Laccase production from sucrose by recombinant Yarrowia lipolytica and its application to decolorization of environmental pollutant dyes

Laccases are used in decolorization and biodegradation of synthetic dyes, bioremediation of industrial wastewaters and delignification of lignocellulosic compounds. The aims of the present study were the optimization of a recombinant laccase production in Yarrowia lipolytica yeast using sucrose as a main carbon source, and the application of the resulting enzyme to decolorization of synthetic dyes, which are problematic environmental pollutants. Taguchi's experimental design method was employed to optimize medium compounds. Recombinant laccase production by Y. lipolytica YL4 strain increased to 900 U L−1 after optimization of sucrose, ammonium chloride, yeast extract and thiamine levels in the modified PPB medium. Furthermore, the production rate reached 6760 U L−1 in a 5 L bioreactor which represents 4.5- and 33.5-fold increases compared to cultures that were in shake-flask with optimized and primary media, respectively. The supernatant containing secreted recombinant laccase was applied for decolorization of seven dyes. The effects of pH, the amount of enzyme and incubation period were verified. The effect of incubation time on dye decolorization by recombinant laccase was important, which has an influence of greater extent than 90% after 48 h for all dyes. The Trametes versicolor laccase can be efficiently produced in Y. lipolytica and the recombinant enzyme has a considerable potential in the decolorization of pollutant synthetic dyes.

Synthetic dye decolorization by Marasmiellus palmivorus : Simultaneous cultivation and high laccase-crude broth treatment

Abstract The efficiency of Marasmiellus palmivorus enzymes in synthetic dye decolorization was evaluated both during submerged cultivation and by crude enzyme broth treatment. Additionally, post-treatment toxicity of the samples against Lactuca sativa was assessed. M. palmivorus VE-111 crude broth achieved highest decolorization efficiency for dyes Reactive blue 220 and Acid blue 80. During submerged cultivation, maximal decolorization was observed for Acid blue 80, Dianix yellow Seg, Reactive blue 220, Navy blue S2GRL and Disperse orange 30. Superior laccase activity was accomplished in culture media containing Reactive blue 220, reaching a yield of 3444.44 ± 0.00 U mL−1 in 8 days. Phytotoxicity assays indicate no toxic metabolites were formed during simultaneous decolorization and submerged cultivation. Results achieved regarding azo and anthraquinone dye decolorization by M. palmivorus VE-111 enzymes and biomass are noteworthy and support its potential application in bioremediation of industrial wastewater.

Euglenoid flagellates: A multifaceted biotechnology platform

Euglenoid flagellates are mainly fresh water protists growing in highly diverse environments making them well-suited for a multiplicity of biotechnology applications. Phototrophic euglenids possesses complex chloroplasts of green algal origin bounded by three membranes. Euglena nuclear and plastid genome organization, gene structure and gene expression are distinctly different from other organisms. Our observations on the model organism Euglena gracilis indicate that transcription of both the plastid and nuclear genome is insensitive to environmental changes and that gene expression is regulated mainly at the post-transcriptional level. Euglena plastids have been proposed as a site for the production of proteins and value added metabolites of biotechnological interest. Euglena has been shown to be a suitable protist species to be used for production of several compounds that are used in the production of cosmeceuticals and nutraceuticals, such as α-tocopherol, wax esters, polyunsaturated fatty acids, biotin and tyrosine. The storage polysaccharide, paramylon, has immunostimulatory properties and has shown a promise for biomaterials production. Euglena biomass can be used as a nutritional supplement in aquaculture and in animal feed. Diverse applications of Euglena in environmental biotechnology include ecotoxicological risk assessment, heavy metal bioremediation, bioremediation of industrial wastewater and contaminated water.

Growth and metal bioconcentration by conspecific freshwater macroalgae cultured in industrial waste water.

The bioremediation of industrial waste water by macroalgae is a sustainable and renewable approach to the treatment of waste water produced by multiple industries. However, few studies have tested the bioremediation of complex multi-element waste streams from coal-fired power stations by live algae. This study compares the ability of three species of green freshwater macroalgae from the genus Oedogonium, isolated from different geographic regions, to grow in waste water for the bioremediation of metals. The experiments used Ash Dam water from Tarong power station in Queensland, which is contaminated by multiple metals (Al, Cd, Ni and Zn) and metalloids (As and Se) in excess of Australian water quality guidelines. All species had consistent growth rates in Ash Dam water, despite significant differences in their growth rates in “clean” water. A species isolated from the Ash Dam water itself was not better suited to the bioremediation of that waste water. While there were differences in the temporal pattern of the bioconcentration of metals by the three species, over the course of the experiment, all three species bioconcentrated the same elements preferentially and to a similar extent. All species bioconcentrated metals (Cu, Mn, Ni, Cd and Zn) more rapidly than metalloids (As, Mo and Se). Therefore, bioremediation in situ will be most rapid and complete for metals. Overall, all three species of freshwater macroalgae had the ability to grow in waste water and bioconcentrate elements, with a consistent affinity for the key metals that are regulated by Australian and international water quality guidelines. Together, these characteristics make Oedogonium a clear target for scaled bioremediation programs across a range of geographic regions.

Heavy Metal Uptake by Euplotes mutabilis and its Possible Use in Bioremediation of Industrial Wastewater

A ciliate protozoan, Euplotes mutabilis, isolated from heavy metal laden industrial wastewater, has been shown to tolerate multiple heavy metals thus suggesting its significance in bioremediation of industrial effluents. This ciliate tolerated Zn(2+) up to 33 microg/mL, Cd(2+) up to 22 microg/mL and Ni(2+) up to 18 microg/mL. The ciliate could uptake 85% Zn(2+), 84% of Cd(2+) and 87% of Ni(2+) after 96 h of inoculation of growth medium containing 10 microg/mL of Zn(2+) and 5 microg/mL of Cd(2+) and Ni(2+), with actively growing ciliates. After 6 days of incubation the ciliate removed 87% Cd(2+), 92% Ni(2+), and 93% Zn(2+) from the wastewater. The heavy metal uptake capability of Euplotes mutabilis may be employed for metal detoxification operations.

Humic substances in bioremediation of industrial wastewater—Mitigation of inhibition of activated sludge caused by phenol and formaldehyde

This paper describes studies on the effect of humic substances on bioremediation of industrial wastewater, heavily contaminated with formaldehyde and phenol, using aerobic respirometry. Returned activated sludge (RAS) was the source of biomass. Respirometric data and non-linear regression analysis indicated that the system complied with the Haldane model for inhibitory wastes. It has been found that an addition of humate at the dose of 2000 mg/L substantially reduced this inhibitory effect, resulting in an increase of biological oxygen uptake and in a better removal of both, phenol and formaldehyde. The results show that an application of humic substances to mitigate an inhibition of the activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants may be an attractive alternative to the use of activated carbon or specialized sorbents.