Biomedical Firms Research Articles

Does Scientific Knowledge Flow Inspire Exploratory Innovation? Evidence from the US Biomedical Firms

Does Scientific Knowledge Flow Inspire Exploratory Innovation? Evidence from the US Biomedical Firms

Creating Knowledge Assets under Biocapitalism: Analyzing China’s Biomedical Industry and Its Patent Networks

Breakthroughs in biotechnology, globalizing intellectual property rights legislations, and growing venture capital in the past thirty years have given rise to new forms of capitalist accumulation that scholars called biocapitalism. Bioscientific knowledge under biocapitalism is increasingly parceled out from a global common to private enclosures for biotech and pharmaceutical companies, contributing to vast inequalities and fractures of global access to innovation evident in the COVID-19 pandemic. The assetization and financialization of knowledge have shifted the ground of innovation from competitive commodity production and exchanges to generating, managing, and commercializing patents and associated monopoly rights, thus raising the challenges of innovation for those developing countries specialized in production. Many Asian countries have invested heavily in biomedical sciences to enhance their knowledge assets but had limited success in translating the scientific development to a globally significant biomedical industry. This article discusses the evolution of China’s biomedical industry from a technological laggard to a recent innovation boom after a regulatory overhaul in 2015. Analyzing the patent collaborative networks of China’s biomedical industry since 2003, we found the central roles of domestic public research institutions, in contrast to multinational corporations, as cutting-edge knowledge providers. We argue that China’s path of the biomedical industry is distinct from its other technology industries that rely on multinational corporations for core knowledge. It represents a national articulation in response to global biocapitalism by situating the domestic research institutions and biomedical firms at the center of knowledge assets production and engaging globally in the science and drug regulatory systems.

A Lightweight Secure Adaptive Approach for Internet-of-Medical-Things Healthcare Applications in Edge-Cloud-Based Networks.

Mobile-cloud-based healthcare applications are increasingly growing in practice. For instance, healthcare, transport, and shopping applications are designed on the basis of the mobile cloud. For executing mobile-cloud applications, offloading and scheduling are fundamental mechanisms. However, mobile healthcare workflow applications with these methods are widely ignored, demanding applications in various aspects for healthcare monitoring, live healthcare service, and biomedical firms. However, these offloading and scheduling schemes do not consider the workflow applications’ execution in their models. This paper develops a lightweight secure efficient offloading scheduling (LSEOS) metaheuristic model. LSEOS consists of light weight, and secure offloading and scheduling methods whose execution offloading delay is less than that of existing methods. The objective of LSEOS is to run workflow applications on other nodes and minimize the delay and security risk in the system. The metaheuristic LSEOS consists of the following components: adaptive deadlines, sorting, and scheduling with neighborhood search schemes. Compared to current strategies for delay and security validation in a model, computational results revealed that the LSEOS outperformed all available offloading and scheduling methods for process applications by 10% security ratio and by 29% regarding delays.

Signifying the relationship between counterproductive work behavior and firm's performance: the mediating role of organizational culture

PurposeOrganizations are facing several challenges in the current challenging business environment. The current study explores how counterproductive work behavior (CWB) affects bio-medical companies' firm performance in Pakistan. The study considers the mediating role of organizational culture and its impact on CWB and a firm's performance.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. For data collection, 300 questionnaires were distributed among employees working in biomedical companies. Statistical analysis such as descriptive statistics, Pearson moment correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques was used to analyze the study variable's relationship and its effect on the firm's performance.FindingsThe study results revealed that CWB and organizational culture significantly influence firm performance directly and indirectly. Moreover, organizational culture partially mediates the relationship between CWB and companies' performance.Originality/valueThe current study plays a significant role in the firm's policy directions. There are limited research and information accessible to biomedical firms in Pakistan. Counterproductive job habits wind up becoming something that significantly affects the firm performance. This research adds to human resource management, corporate management and the business strategy literature.

Determining factors of cities’ centrality in the interregional innovation networks of China’s biomedical industry

This study analyzed the determinants of regions’ degree centrality as well as their variation over time in interregional innovation networks and compared the differences in factors between developed and less developed regions(core and periphery). Focusing on China’s biomedical industry, we used the prefecture-level invention co-patents data (2012–2017) to construct intercity networks and related cities’ centrality to sector-region-specific factors. We found: (1) A “convergence” process of regional embeddedness exists in innovation networks among cities. (2) The volume of national public funding for fundamental researches in the biomedical industry plays the most important role in cities’ centrality, regardless of developed or undeveloped cities. (3) For the developed cities’ centrality position, the intensity of intraregional collaboration in the biomedical industry is the secondary influencing factor, besides, other positive factors involve innovation performance, industrial market application, and cluster competitiveness, but it does not affect peripheral cities. (4) The second most influential factor in peripheral cities’ centrality is the number of biomedical firms. We concluded that despite the influence of path dependence, in the field of the analytical industry, China’s public funding for basic research has narrowed the gap in networking capability between the developed and backward cities.

The Geography of Knowledge Sourcing, Personal Networks, and Innovation Effects: Evidence from the Biomedical Firms in Guangzhou, China

Personal networks, in contrast to organizational relations, have recently increased their significance to firms by allowing them to acquire external knowledge and strengthen their innovation capacity. Hot debates on the geography and innovation effects of personal networks persist, but these discussions are mainly derived from research works on western economies. Since personal interactions are context-sensitive, this paper examines the geography and the innovation effects of personal networks on biomedical firms in Guangzhou, which has a unique political and socioeconomic context owing to the transitional nature of China. This case study indicates that the geographic nature of personal knowledge networks is largely locally-based, and the primary driver of such networks is experience-based practices, such as repeated face-to-face contacts, labor mobility, and shared life experience. Personal knowledge networks contribute to both problem-solving and radical innovation for firms as a result of the guanxi-based relations in China that transform personal networks into channels for mobilizing innovation-related resources. Moreover, by dividing personal networks into bonding, bridging, and linking networks, this paper also de-homogenizes personal networks and delineates specific and differentiated innovation effects of manifold social relationships. Based on the research findings, policy implications aiming at laying the social ground of innovation are addressed.

Supplementing Resident Research Funding Through a Partnership With Local Industry

To develop a model for the supplementation of resident research funding through a resident-hosted clinical immersion with local industry. Designated research residents hosted multiple groups of engineers and business professionals from local industry in general surgery-focused clinical immersion weeks. The participants in these week-long programs are educated about general surgery and brought to the operating room to observe a variety of surgeries. This study was performed at the University of Minnesota, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, at a tertiary medical center. Ten designated research residents hosted general surgery immersion programs. Fifty-seven engineers and business professionals from 5 different local biomedical firms have participated in this program. General surgery research residents (in collaboration with the University of Minnesota's Institute for Engineering in Medicine) have hosted 9 clinical immersion programs since starting the collaborative in 2015. Immersion participant response to the experiences was very positive. Two full-time resident research positions can be funded annually through participation in this program. With decreasing funding available for surgical research, particularly resident research, innovative ways to fund resident research are needed. The general surgery clinical immersion program at the University of Minnesota has proven its value as a supplement for resident research funding and may be a sustainable model for the future.

Review on phase transformation behavior of NiTi shape memory alloys

Formulating and instigating of shape memory alloys (SMAs) is an emerging field in aerospace and biomedical firms due to its tremendous chattels such as shape memory effect (SME) and super elasticity (SE). Memorizing ability of shape memory material in retaining its deformed shape is influenced by these unique properties. The phase changing processes are executed by the forward and reverse transformation such as cubic austenite to monoclinic martensite and vice-versa. Phase transformation temperatures (As, Af, Ms and Mf) are decided the range of phase limit. The state of phase presented in NiTi-SMA such as austenite or martensite is decided the application. Therefore, controlling the microstructure of NiTi alloy through amendment of transformation temperatures is a challenging mission in today materials advancement. The amendment as per required application is executed mainly in two ways such as by changing the chemical composition of NiTi alloy and heat treatment process. This investigation starts from changes in microstructure, transformation temperature and mechanical properties by these two different alteration processes. Short review of this investigation is intended to give self-consistent and logical key issues on shape memory alloys from metallurgical viewpoint on an up-do-date basis. Aftermath of this investigation exhibited a flawless knowledge for selecting the route through which phase transformation behavior can improve for NiTi-SMA.

Responsible research and innovation: a productive model for the future of medical innovation

ABSTRACTThis article seeks to deepen our understanding of the responsible research and innovation (RRI) approach as it relates to health care systems, where the notion of responsibility is already deeply embedded. We empirically flesh out the RRI framework developed by Stilgoe et al. by drawing on the content of three mixed focus groups on health care system challenges that technological innovation could help address. These focus groups were held in Montreal (Quebec, Canada) and brought together users of medical technology (patients, clinicians), developers (engineers, designers), and innovation managers (at universities, in hospitals, and in biomedical firms). These empirical data offer contrasting views that are used to explore the four dimensions of the framework (anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion, and responsiveness) in order to derive a more specific understanding of what responsible medical innovation may entail.

Nonprofit Biomedical Companies

Nonprofit biomedical firms are an integrated market-based solution to improve incentives for investment in promising scientific areas that have high social value but minimal potential for profit. We briefly review the current market with an emphasis on the financing of innovative product development and propose ideas for new nonprofit companies centered on the health concerns of developed countries. We conclude with a suggestion that opportunities exist for nonprofit firms focused on cancer diagnostics, given the limitations of current financing incentives and ripe scientific opportunity.

Conflicts of Interest: Gibson's Response

Starr T. 2003. Significant issues raised by meta-analyses of cancer mortality and dioxin exposure. Environ Health Perspect 111:1443-1447. Swaen GM, Maijers JM. 1988. Influence of design characteristics on the outcome of retrospective cohort studies. Br J Ind Med 45(9):624-629. Willman T. 2003. Stealth merger: drug companies and government medical research-some of the NIH's top scientists are also collecting paychecks and stock options from biomedical firms. Los Angeles Times (7 December). Available: http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/ nation/la-na-nih7decO7.story [accessed 16 January 2004].

Company News

Progen’s Anti-cancer Drug Shows Promising Human Trial Data. Acrux Reports Progress for Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction. Clinical Reagent Ready for Agenix’s Blood Clot Imaging Project. Austcancer’s Vaccine Human Trials Show Strong Results. Shanghai Desano to Sell Domestically Produced AIDS Drug. Shanghai Boxing Develops Bio Chip that Identifies GM Plants. Ranbaxy In-licenses New Biological Entity for Brain Cancer. Wockhardt and Daiichi in Collaboration for Hemorrhage Drug. Nicholas Piramal to Merge with Global Drugs. Shionogi in Agreement with Pharmagene for Target and Compound Validation Capabilities. Eisai’s Treatment of H. pylori Infection Approved by US. Tanabe Seiyaku and Altana in Roflumilast Cooperation in Japan. In2Gen Co. Ltd. InBioNET Corp. Agriquality Buys out Melbourne Gene Lab. Singapore Consulting Practice Brings Biomedical Firms to Asia. A-Bio Pharma is Singapore’s First Commercial Scale Biologics Manufacturer. Abbott and MerLion in Drug Discovery Collaboration. Lilly Systems Biology Research Center Established in Singapore.

The Perspectives of Biomedical Corporate Join Effort in Developing Hematopoietic Stem Cell(HSC) Technology for Clinical Applications

A long-stranding concept has been that tissue-specific stem cells are restricted to making the specific mature tissue cells which they reside. A resent series of academic studies, however, has challenged this notion. The results have shown that many stem/progenitor cells may transdifferentiate themselves into other tissue cell types. These results have suggested that selective human adult tissue stem/progenitor cells may potentially be manipulated at laboratory for clinical use in the replenish broad ranged tissue cells in patients. To date more than a dozen of biomedical firms in U.S. are elbowing their technologies into a crowed field to develop therapeutic stem/progenitor cell products for autologous & allogenic clinical uses. The resources and plasticity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) / progenitor CD34+ cells from bone marrow, peripheral blood & cord blood have ultimately been considered as a prototype product for many tissues regeneration therapy including liver, brain, blood vessel and spinal regenerative therapy. In this post-genomics era, pharmaceutical products for clinical usage have been evolved from synthetic small molecules to gene targeting protein drugs from biomedical-biotech join effort will bring laboratory cell culture products to regenerative the damaged tissue in new 21 century.

DETERMINANTS OF TRUST IN GLOBAL STRATEGIC ALLIANCES: AMRAD AND THE AUSTRALIAN BIOMEDICAL INDUSTRY

Although the importance of trust in creating and maintaining interorganizational relationships has been acknowledged, little research has focused on the processes leading to the development of trust in international strategic alliances. This article addresses this shortcoming and reports the results of field research on the evolution of AMRAD Pharmaceuticals, a strategic alliance between U.S. and Australian biomedical firms. Based on this case study, a process model of trust is developed which describes how trust can be created and expanded between strategic alliance partners, and its implications for alliance performance. Propositions are developed to motivate and guide future empirical investigation.

High Tech in the Deep South: Biomedical Firm Clusters inMetropolitan Atlanta

The relation between biomedical firms and their metropolitan region location in Atlanta, Georgia is examined as an empirical test of both innovative milieu agglomeration theory and place specific strategies for life science companies in the Deep South. This sectoral analysis utilizes questionnaires and targeted interviews to highlight the economic development role of real estate in suburban employment and residence sites (SEARS) and the intra‐metropolitan directional migration of firms. Clustering of related industries is fostered by a shortage of appropriately configured laboratory and office space at the intermediate stage of the business growth cycle, encouraging information sharing and cooperative behavior via proximity by necessity. Lack of a key networking individual or mediating organization critically retards development of this potential growth engine.

FDA regulation of product risk and its impact upon young biomedical firms

Data gathered on 62 products from 26 biomedical firms founded in Massachusetts between 1968 and 1975 show a positive relationship between the level of technological sophistication of a firm's products and the risk associated with the use of those products. Oscar Hauptman and Edward Roberts report the results of their study of the impact of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's approval process on these firms' resources and time. They found that young firms dealing with medical devices and pharmaceuticals were more sensitive to this regulatory process than those producing medical auxiliary products. Enactment of the 1976 FDA regulations amendment affecting medical devices apparently created a precarious environment for the marketing of new products. The amendment was found to have significant impact beyond its target product area, medical devices and supplies. It also challenged the management of firms producing drugs and pharmaceuticals.

FDA Regulation of Product Risk and Its Impact Upon Young Biomedical Firms

Data gathered on 62 products from 26 biomedical firms founded in Massachusetts between 1968 and 1975 show a positive relationship between the level of technological sophistication of a firm's products and the risk associated with the use of those products. Oscar Hauptman and Edward Roberts report the results of their study of the impact of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's approval process on these firms' resources and time. They found that young firms dealing with medical devices and pharmaceuticals were more sensitive to this regulatory process than those producing medical auxiliary products. Enactment of the 1976 FDA regulations amendment affecting medical devices apparently created a precarious environment for the marketing of new products. The amendment was found to have significant impact beyond its target product area, medical devices and supplies. It also challenged the management of firms producing drugs and Pharmaceuticals.