Bioinorganic Materials Research Articles

Bioorganic macromolecules crowned zirconia nanoparticles: protein-rich fish mucus inspired synthesis and their antibacterial efficacy assessment

Abstract The bioinorganic material, such as fish mucus macromolecules crowned zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) was synthesized via green methodology and has been investigated their efficacy on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains that inhabit the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tracts, and colon. The environmentally benign synthesis methodology was used for fabricating biofunctionalized ZrO2 NPs with three different concentrations of C. striatus epidermal mucus. Spherical morphology with a size ranging from 7 to 25 nm of synthesized granular was identified by FESEM analysis. The powder XRD diffractions of synthesized ZrO2 NPs were confirmed with the previously reported standard literature. Upon being subjected to a primary microbial study, the synthesized ZrO2 NPs were shown to exhibit antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial pathogens. However, another Gram-negative bacterial stain, Proteus vulgaris shows almost similar efficiency to standard antibacterial drugs. Interestingly, all Gram-positive bacterial strains show a high zone of inhibition at higher concentrations of synthesized ZrO2 NPs. In general, the antibacterial activity study proved that the synthesized biofunctionalized ZrO2 NPs may be applied as an efficient health care beneficial material.

Bioinorganic Materials for Imaging, Diagnosis and Therapy of Neurological Disease

The treatment of neurological disease, such as epilepsy is rather complicated. Emerging therapies such as surgery, gene therapy, stem cell transplantation, and neurostimulation have been developed to replace traditional drug therapy. However, great challenges such as the difficult localization of epileptic foci (EF), incomplete excision of lesioned nerves, high drug resistance, and severe side effects limit their clinical applications. As an alternative, bioinorganic materials have been emerged and show great potentials for epilepsy theranostics. Their unique physical properties, including fluorescence, magnetic resonance effect, and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering effect (SERS), give them the ability to image the localization of EF. In addition, the fluorescence and conductivity of bioinorganic materials could be further used for studying pathogenesis. Moreover, bioinorganic materials could serve as intelligent systems to deliver drugs and cooperative therapy for epilepsy. Herein, this review highlights the design and application of bioinorganic materials in the imaging, diagnosis, and therapy of epilepsy. Furthermore, light is shown on the potential bottlenecks and future perspectives of bioinorganic materials in epilepsy theranostics.

Adaptive Responses of a Peroxidase-like Polyoxometalate-Based Tri-Assembly to Bacterial Microenvironment (BME) Significantly Improved the Anti-Bacterial Effects.

The present study presents the tertiary assembly of a POM, peptide, and biogenic amine, which is a concept to construct new hybrid bio-inorganic materials for antibacterial applications and will help to promote the development of antivirus agents in the future. To achieve this, a Eu-containing polyoxometalate (EuW10) was first co-assembled with a biogenic amine of spermine (Spm), which improved both the luminescence and antibacterial effect of EuW10. Further introduction of a basic peptide from HPV E6, GL-22, induced more extensive enhancements, both of them being attributed to the cooperation and synergistic effects between the constituents, particularly the adaptive responses of assembly to the bacterial microenvironment (BME). Further intrinsic mechanism investigations revealed in detail that the encapsulation of EuW10 in Spm and further GL-22 enhanced the uptake abilities of EuW10 in bacteria, which further improved the ROS generation in BME via the abundant H2O2 involved there and significantly promoted the antibacterial effects.

Developing renewable thermo-hydrothermic bioinorganic materials from bone wastes of slaughterhouses

Adding value of slaugtherhouses products and wastes today become greater attention, especially bone wastes for renewable biomaterials, in supporting sustainable green industries. However, the high potency of developing the renewable bioinorganic materials from bone wastes needs a comprehensive need assessment. The need assessment was conducted through three steps: literature search metaanalisis study for defining the needs, collecting and analysis data, and making decision of the needs. Results of the study showed that (1) there were prospective and sustainable raw materials from slaughterhouses in Indonesia, especially bones, for developing phosphate based bioinorganic materials; (2) there were some needs of developing bioinorganic nanoparticles materials in M-Si-P-O, M-Al-P-O, and M-Al-Si-P-O systems (with M = main and/or transition metals) for artificial bones and teeth purposes; and (3) there were some needs of developing thermo-hydrochromic bioinorganic materials sensoric temperature and humidity for supporting artificial insemination as well as medicinal purposes. The last result of the study was supported by current finding on natural inorganic thermo-hydrochromic pigment.

Evaluation of Nickel Neurotoxicity and High Sorption through a Hybrid Yeast / Silsesquioxane Material

The presence of heavy metals in water is one of the major concerns in the public health area. So, the characterization of inorganic compounds toxicity and their detection, speciation and removal are some of the biggest environmental challenges today. Within this context, the present work evaluated the effect caused by Ni2+ in neuronal autofluorescence recorded in brain slices. Besides, a bioinorganic nanostructured hybrid material with great potential for heavy metals removal: yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae modified with Silsesquioxane was applied for Ni2 sorption. The neurotoxicity tests revealed that in the presence of Ni2+ concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 μM (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ppm), irreversible autofluorescence changes occurred. In the sorption tests, the hybrid material revealed a maximum capacity of sorption of 64.6 mg/g. This material was able to reach 77.7% of removal of the initial Ni2+ solution using a 100 cm3/g liquid/solid ratio, at pH 6 and 15 min of contact time.

Synthetic Bio-Inorganic Materials in Various Artificial Organs

Bioinorganic materials play the important role in all living organisms. Mostly these compounds are responsible for the vital actions of an organism such as enzymatic actions, respiration, photosynthesis, metal ion transport etc. In recent time numerous bioinorganic materials have been synthesized partially or completely in the laboratories. These synthetic bioinorganic materials serve as medical boon for mankind as they are the key for development of artificial tissues and organs. In this paper we are discussing about artificial organs and related bioinorganic materials.

Artificial Organs and Related Bioinorganic Materials

Bioinorganic compounds or materials play the momentous role in all living organisms. Artificial organs are generally defined as any device, machine or complex biological structure which is partially or completely synthetic in nature and that could be implanted or integrated into human body to perform the tasks of a particular biological structure which has been damaged and should be replaced due to some medical reasons. Various artificial organs like bone, heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, skin, urinary bladder, auditory brainstem implant, bionic contact lens, cochlear implant, direct acoustic cochlear implant, retinal implant and visual prosthetic parts have been developed. In this paper we are disusing about artificial biomaterial and organs.

Biomimetic Mineralization of Cytochrome c Improves the Catalytic Efficiency and Confers a Functional Multi-Enzyme Composite

The encapsulated enzyme system by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibits great potential in biofuel cells, pharmaceuticals, and biocatalysis. However, the catalytic efficiency and the enzymatic activity are severely hampered due to enzyme leaching and deficiency of storage stability. In this study, we immobilized cytochrome c (Cyt c) into dimethylimidazole-copper (Cu(Im)2) by biomimetic mineralization, and constructed a bioinorganic hybrid material, termed Cyt c@Cu(Im)2. Encapsulated Cyt c in Cu(Im)2 with a nanosheet structure exhibited significantly improved catalytic efficiency, enzymatic activity and kinetic performance. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for Cyt c@Cu(Im)2 was ~20-fold higher compared to that of free Cyt c. Moreover, the increased activity was not affected by long-term storage. Based on this system, we further constructed a multi-enzyme composite with glucose-oxidase (GOx), termed GOx-Cyt c@Cu(Im)2, which exhibited greatly improved enzymatic activity, stability, and excellent selectivity for the detection of low concentrations of glucose. This strategy may provide new insights into the design of enzymes with high activity and stability, as well as the construction of multi-enzyme systems.

Metal-Assisted Assembly of Protein Containers Loaded with Inorganic Nanoparticles.

Protein containers are suitable building blocks for bioinorganic materials. Here, we show that high concentrations of magnesium ions induce the formation of a unitary protein scaffold, whereas low magnesium concentration leads to a binary protein scaffold. The molecular interactions in the protein scaffold were characterized with X-ray crystallography to high resolution. We show that the unitary framework can be applied for the assembly of inorganic nanoparticles such as metal oxides into highly ordered bioinorganic structures. Our work emphasizes the structural tunability of protein-container-based materials, important for adjusting emerging properties of such materials.

A Scientific Overview of Hybrid Bio Chemicals in Various Artificial Organs

Such Elements assume the significant job in every single living being. For the most part these mixes are liable for the indispensable activities of a living being, for example, enzymatic activities, breath, photosynthesis, metal particle transport and so on. In late time various bioinorganic materials have been integrated mostly or totally in the labs. These engineered bioinorganic materials fill in as clinical help for humankind as they are the key for advancement of counterfeit tissues and organs. In this paper we are examining about counterfeit organs and related bioinorganic materials.

The Chemicals Reactions and its Behavior against Related Bioinorganic Materials

Bioinorganic mixes or materials assume the earth shattering job in every single living life form. Fake organs are commonly characterized as any gadget, machine or complex organic structure which is mostly or totally manufactured in nature and that could be embedded or coordinated into human body to play out the errands of a specific organic structure which has been harmed and ought to be supplanted because of some clinical reasons. Different fake organs like bone, heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, skin, urinary bladder, sound-related brainstem embed, bionic contact focal point, cochlear embed, direct acoustic cochlear embed, retinal embed and visual prosthetic parts have been created. In this paper we are neglecting about counterfeit biomaterial and organs.

Crystalline protein scaffolds as a defined environment for the synthesis of bioinorganic materials.

Proteins are a powerful scaffold for the organisation of inorganic components in the solid state. Due to the defined atomic structure of the protein scaffold, organometallic complexes and nanoparticles can be arranged with high precision. Moreover, crystalline protein materials are porous and enable confinement of inorganic components on the nanoscale. In this Frontier article, we summarize current strategies for the synthesis of bioinorganic materials and highlight recent examples for application of these materials. Future perspectives are discussed such as tunability of material properties through protein design, and the possibility to produce protein materials in a sustainable manner.

Engineered Bio-Inorganic Materials Components in the Various Artificial Compounds

Bioinorganic materials expect the noteworthy activity in each carrying on with living thing. For the most part these blends are responsible for the imperative exercises of a living being, for instance, enzymatic exercises, breath, photosynthesis, metal molecule transport, etc. In continuous time different bioinorganic materials have been organized midway or absolutely in the exploration offices. These built bioinorganic materials fill in as clinical safe house for mankind as they are the key for progression of fake tissues and organs. In this paper we are analyzing about fake organs and related bioinorganic materials.

Cover Picture: Design of Bioinorganic Materials at the Interface of Coordination and Biosupramolecular Chemistry (The Chemical Record 4/2017)

Cover Picture: Design of Bioinorganic Materials at the Interface of Coordination and Biosupramolecular Chemistry (The Chemical Record 4/2017)

Artificial Components and Properties of Bioinorganic Materials

Bioinorganic blends or materials expect the vital activity in each and every living animal. Counterfeit organs are ordinarily portrayed as any device, machine or complex regular structure which is for the most part or completely built in nature and that could be installed or composed into human body to play out the endeavors of a particular natural structure which has been hurt and should be displaced in light of some clinical reasons. Diverse fake organs like bone, heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, skin, urinary bladder, sound-related brainstem implant, bionic contact point of convergence, cochlear install, direct acoustic cochlear insert, retinal implant and visual prosthetic parts have been made. In this paper we are disregarding about fake biomaterial and organs.

Design of Bioinorganic Materials at the Interface of Coordination and Biosupramolecular Chemistry.

Protein assemblies have recently become known as potential molecular scaffolds for applications in materials science and bio-nanotechnology. Efforts to design protein assemblies for construction of protein-based hybrid materials with metal ions, metal complexes, nanomaterials and proteins now represent a growing field with a common aim of providing novel functions and mimicking natural functions. However, the important roles of protein assemblies in coordination and biosupramolecular chemistry have not been systematically investigated and characterized. In this personal account, we focus on our recent progress in rational design of protein assemblies using bioinorganic chemistry for (1) exploration of unnatural reactions, (2) construction of functional protein architectures, and (3) in vivo applications.

Ecosustainable Development of Novel Bio-inorganic Hybrid Materials as UV Protection Systems for Potential Cosmetic Applications.

A new organoclay, bio-inorganic hybrid material, was successfully prepared following the "green chemistry" principles, exploiting microwave irradiation (as an alternative energetic source) in both the solvent-free synthesis of the organic filler (UVB filter) and in its hydrothermal intercalation in a sodium Bentonite clay (renewable natural inorganic source at low temperature). The organic filler is a benzylidene camphor derivative with the same cationic moiety as the well- known UV filter camphor benzalkonium methosulfate. The aim of the research was the ecosustainable development of a new UV protection model, suitable for use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, with potential advantages of stability, efficiency and safety compared to the commercially available UVB sunscreens. The organically modified clay was thoroughly investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermo gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Results confirmed the complete intercalation of the organic filler in the interlayer region of the smectite clay, leading to a new bio-inorganic hybrid material with potential for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications in the UV protection field, as confirmed by preliminary photochemical studies. This work represents the first example in the use of Na-Bentonite cationic clay (usually employed as rheological additive) as hosting agent of the synthesized quaternary UVB filter, as well as in the complete MW-assisted preparation of the organoclay, starting from the synthesis of the organic UV sunscreen to its hydrothermal intercalation.

Circular dichroism: A powerful tool for studying biomineralization promoter proteins

Abstract

The two-step assemblies of basic-amino-Acid-rich Peptide with a highly charged polyoxometalate.

Two-step assembly of a peptide from HPV16 L1 with a highly charged europium-substituted polyoxometalate (POM) cluster, accompanying a great luminescence enhancement of the inorganic polyanions, is reported. The mechanism is discussed in detail by analyzing the thermodynamic parameters from isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), time-resolved fluorescent and NMR spectra. By comparing the actions of the peptide analogues, a binding process and model are proposed accordingly. The driving forces in each binding step are clarified, and the initial POM aggregation, basic-sequence and hydrophobic C termini of peptide are revealed to contribute essentially to the two-step assembly. The present study demonstrates both a meaningful preparation for bioinorganic materials and a strategy using POMs to modulate the assembly of peptides and even proteins, which could be extended to other proteins and/or viruses by using peptides and POMs with similar properties.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of First Organic Matrix Protein from Sclerites of Red Coral, Corallium rubrum

We report here for the first time the isolation and characterization of a protein from the organic matrix (OM) of the sclerites of the alcyonarian, Corallium rubrum. This protein named scleritin is one of the predominant proteins extracted from the EDTA-soluble fraction of the OM. The entire open reading frame (ORF) was obtained by comparing amino acid sequences from de novo mass spectrometry and Edman degradation with an expressed sequence tag library dataset of C. rubrum. Scleritin is a secreted basic phosphorylated protein which exhibits a short amino acid sequence of 135 amino acids and a signal peptide of 20 amino acids. From specific antibodies raised against peptide sequences of scleritin, we obtained immunolabeling of scleroblasts and OM of the sclerites which provides information on the biomineralization pathway in C. rubrum.