Biographical Context Research Articles

State power and society of Late Imperial Russia in the assessments of V. A. Maklakov

The article describes the publication of part of the memoirs of a prominent political and public figure in Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century, one of the leaders of the Kadet Party, the famous lawyer Vasily Alekseevich Maklakov. The excellent style and content of the memoirs are noted, reflecting the development of the social movement in Russia, the relationship between government and society, the fate of the Kadet Party, and vivid portraits of contemporaries through a biographical context. This publication is very important for the study of the social movement and Russian liberalism of the early twentieth century.

Fitzgerald and the Literary Marketplace: Writing for Love and Money

ABSTRACT All eleven essays in Business Is Good: F. Scott Fitzgerald, Professional Writer, by James L. W. West III, contain fascinating, often surprising, material that West encountered in his editing of sixteen of the eighteen volumes in the Cambridge Edition of the Works of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Six of the essays are related to Fitzgerald’s decision to earn his living as a professional author, a choice whose delights and frustrations West brings alive through letters he has found, details he has unearthed, and connections he has made while establishing biographical context for various works he has edited. The five remaining essays more directly address issues related to the actual texts of the works Fitzgerald created—their composition, their revision by Fitzgerald, their marketing, and their final editing for first and subsequent publication. These five essays provide an excellent—and, though perhaps difficult to believe, entertaining—overview of the field of textual editing. They contain an especially useful discussion of editorial principles one might consider when editing a classic novel such as The Great Gatsby that has gone or, like The Sun Also Rises, is soon to go into the public domain.

The benefits of hearing voices groups: more findings from a US national study

ABSTRACT Background Hearing voices peer-support groups (HVGs) are spreading widely as an alternative or supplement to standard psychiatric treatments for the distress that can accompany unshared perceptions or extreme states. Yet although people in dozens of countries clearly find HVGs useful, their precise mechanisms of action and distinctive benefits are not fully understood. Analyzing the effectiveness of these groups is increasingly important as mental health resources stretch to the breaking point in many parts of the world. Methods Using an inductive phenomenological method, our collaborative team of voice-hearers and researchers analyzed the experiences of 119 HVG members in the US, who provided detailed voice hearing histories and accounts of group participation. Results Results indicated that HVGs offer four distinct types of benefits, affording members an opportunity to: (1) examine the voice hearing experience in itself; (2) discern the meanings of voices and explore them within a biographical context; (3) receive validation for cultural or spiritual ways of understanding voices; and (4) develop a sense of shared experience and camaraderie with other voice-hearers. Discussion These participant-defined benefits are quite different from standard outcome measures, suggesting new avenues for research to understand the diverse appeal of HVGs

Łagodzenie smutku klimatycznego. Tworzenie solastalgicznej przestrzeni międzygeneracyjnej w praktykach kuratoringu naiwnego

The proposed article aims to analyze artistic practices located in everyday life and localities where art opens a venue for expressing climate narratives and affords spaces of support in the experience of climate grief by women and girls. In the analyzed case, artivistic practices effectively alleviate the symptoms of climate grief and help to come to terms with the loss of a predictable and normal world. Artivistic practices are analyzed within the methodological frame of care pedagogy and its categories: care, generation, emancipatory dialogue, and psycho-educational practices. Artivism as an artistic-therapeutic practice breaks the “culture of silence,” opens the space for climate narratives as a socially and personally significant issue, for climate emotions and comfort in the experience of losing the world. The analyzed artistic practices are carried out in a specific social and biographical context. They are intertwined with the relationships of care taken by women over women. In caring relationships, artivism also becomes a practice of caring for others and caring for oneself. Key-words: women, artivism, refugees, climate change, solastalgia

The Russian historical and literary context of the novels by Guillaume Musso and prose by Marina Tsvetaeva

The purpose of this study is to identify the Russian historical and literary context in Marina Tsvetaeva's prose of the emigrant period and in the novels of Guillaume Musso. The modern French writer Guillaume Musso is the author of two dozen novels, which (except for "Skidamarink", 2001) were translated into Russian and published in Russia. In almost every one of these novels, one can "discover" the Russian historical and literary context. This will be the main object of our research in the framework of the article (the analysis of the entire multicultural contextual complex of G. Musso's novels requires a more extensive consideration). The main subject of the article is a trilogy of novels about writers: "The Girl and the Night", "The Secret Life of writers" and "Life as a Novel", as well as the adjacent novel "Paper Girl", the main character of which Tom Boyd is a famous writer. Since in the novels Musso refers to meta-narrative, the creation of a meta-text, which involves commenting on the novel by the author, inviting the reader to his creative laboratory, and also requires identifying the historical and cultural context. The novel "The Girl and the Night" by G. Musso is considered in comparison with the "Tale of Sonechka" by M. Tsvetaeva and requires an appeal to the vital biographical context. Russian historical and literary context of the "writer's" cycle of novels by Guillaume Musso and prose by Marina Tsvetaeva" for the first time revealed intertextual connections of novels by the most popular French writer Guillaume Musso with works of Russian literature: emigrant prose by Marina Tsvetaeva, works by F.M. Dostoevsky, I.S. Turgenev and other writers. The authors of the article pay special attention not only to the intertextual connections of Russian and French prose of the XX-XXI century, but also to the peculiarities of the plot structure of modern literature. This study attempts to identify the main trends in modern literature and trace their reflection in the works of G. Musso. The main conclusion that the authors of the article make is that in Musso's prose, the Russian text can be identified at all contextual levels: vital-biographical, literary, historical, cross-cultural.

Wilkie Collins: The Complete Fiction, by Stephen Knight

Stephen Knight’s monograph, Wilkie Collins: The Complete Fiction (2023, Routledge) is a detailed study of Wilkie Collins’ life and career as a complex and accomplished author; ultimately, it presents a call for more scholarly attention and interest in his works. The study engages Collins’ complete fiction by grounding his texts in historical and biographical context. Knight offers extensive background about events, politics, anecdotes, and interactions as Collins built his writing career. Moreover, the study presents details about Collins’ life, his engagement with the publishing industry, and his interaction with other authors at the time. By this approach, the book explores Collins’ literary production considering the influence of consumption, and the criticism of his works to better understand and position him as a complex and successful author. Knight’s monograph also offers historical context and recent scholarly criticism of Collins studies. While this exploration sheds light on Collins’ development as a successful author, producer of novelty, and a political voice, the study repeats the argument that Collins’ works have not received the scholarly attention they deserve.

Tuning In: Emotions, Relations, and Dynamics in the Analysis of an Archived Interview

ABSTRACT Oral historians have reflected for many years on how to analyze archived interviews. This article contributes to this vital discussion by demonstrating how the combination of different approaches (contextual, narrative, and auditory) enhances a secondary analysis. We base our argumentation on one specific example: a passionate conversation between an elderly man, who had lived through the Nazi period in Germany as a communist, and a much younger historian. After a long and mostly harmonious interview (lasting seven and a half hours), the interviewee broke off the conversation. Our focus therefore lies on exploring the development of the communicative relationship between interviewer and interviewee. To do this, we first locate the interview within the historical and biographical contexts from which it emerged. Second, we consider its auditory dimension and listen closely to when, how, and which questions are asked and answered. Finally, we take the narrative and conversational logics into account. We argue in favor of taking seriously the “heuristic power of the ears,” in the words of Barbara Duden. 1 By listening (rather than only reading transcripts), we can better reconstruct the interactional dynamics and emerging emotions in archived interviews.

Emil Habdank Dunikowski (1855–1924). Rys życia zawodowego i prac naukowych

Emil Habdank Dunikowski (1855–1924) – Career and Research Outline Emil Lucjan Habdank Dunikowski – a graduate of the Lviv (Lwów), Munich and Vienna Universities, belongs to the circle of the Polish most significant scientists who specialized in Earth sciences and pursued their careers in the Lviv of the Austrian era. Sociable, diligent, and curious about the world, he devoted his time to discovering the mysteries of geology, actively developing Polish research in Galicia. While performing his research-related tasks in various parts of the globe (for example in North Africa, North America, Europe, and Russian Primorsky Krai), he satisfied his passion for travelling, delivering accurately made descriptions of broadly defined nature. In biographical contexts, the Lvovian scientist is seldom mentioned. Despite his undisputable scientific achievements and extensive travel experiences, there has yet to be a comprehensive biographical and bibliographical study dedicated to him. This article outlines his scientific profile and presents some unknown facts from Emil Dunikowski’s private life and career, based on the documents obtained from the State Archives of Lviv Oblast in Lviv (Ukraine).

Catholic Emancipation in the Great Britain and Irish Policy of Sir Robert Peel (1812–1829)

Introduction. The subject of research in this work is a historical and historiographical review of the Irish policy of one of the Tory leaders, Sir R. Peel (1788–1850), from the moment of his appointment as Secretary for Ireland in 1812 to the political crisis associated with the Catholic Emancipation in 1829. The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that the Irish policy of R. Peel is investigated here not only in the traditional problem-chronological way but also in a biographical context. Methods. The broad research context of the work is provided by the use of the prosopographic method and the historical-critical method of data processing of sources, some of which (archival sources from the Library of the University of Southampton and the Archive Bureau of Northamptonshire) are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Analysis. The aim of this work is to revise the thesis established in traditional British historiography, according to which the Irish policy of R. Peel in the period from 1812 to 1829 was based on the principles of “Orangism,” whereas after the Catholic Emancipation of 1829, R. Peel became “emancipated.” The analysis of R. Peel’s political strategy in the Irish question carried out in the article shows that none of these definitions fully reflects his actual position. Results. The result of the study is the thesis that R. Peel’s Irish policy turned out to be the personification of a conservative approach to problems, in solving which he was forced to concede in detail while preserving the basics. It is shown that R. Peel’s position on the issue of Catholic emancipation was not a rejection of Anglicanism, as it often seemed to contemporaries, but a rejection of anti-Catholicism. This circumstance makes it possible today to avoid extreme assessments of R. Peel as an unprincipled politician in favor of a more moderate assessment of his Irish policy. Authors’ contribution. V.V. Klochkov determined the basic concept of the article and the methodological foundations of the study, as well as identified unpublished sources from the regional archives of Great Britain; V.S. Nazarova prepared the introduction of the article, created its structural composition, and analyzed the historiography of the problem; I.M. Uznarodov carried out general editing of the text and formulated the main results of the study.

ПЕЙЗАЖ В РОМАНЕ Т. ГАРДИ «ПОД ДЕРЕВОМ ЗЕЛЁНЫМ»

The article is devoted to the poetics of landscape in T. Hardy’s novel “Under the Greenwood Tree” – the first literary work that entered the writer’s “Wessex Novels” cycle. It considers the story and the biographical context of the novel creation, analyses the creation techniques of landscapes and landscape sketches, identifies the functions of landscape descriptions in the system of images and the artistic world of the novel. It discovers that landscape “transcends the borders” of the nature image and operates as an independent character, spiritualized nature appears as the value centre of the literary work, and landscape descriptions introduce superplot content into the novel – eternal and timeless.

Motywy faustyczne w twórczości Czesława Miłosza

The article discusses the references to Faust by Johann Wolfgang Goethe present in the works of Czesław Miłosz. They appear in his poems, as well as in essays and non-literary texts, e.g. interviews. The references to Goethe in Miłosz’s work are also of interest, especially included in autobiographical statements. The article attempts to indicate certain regularities concerning the occurrence of intertextual references to Goethe’s tragedy, related to the poet’s worldview, his aesthetic choices and biographical context. The considerations included in the article lead to the conclusion that the hero of the tragedy symbolises the content which, after World War II, made it possible to name and understand the processes that led to the catastrophe of war and the rejection of humanity. Faust can be a tool for self-characterisation or an accusation against German culture and the cult of science and progress, leading to the alienation of the individual.

An analysis of the Vodolazkin’s novel "The Aviator" in senior high school

The study of the semiotic space of literature still remains interesting and in demand, and the semiotic analysis has proved to be a rather successful method in the collection of methods of a literature teacher at school. In the article, the author proceeds from the necessity of using a complex analysis of a fiction text based to a greater extent on semiotic consideration, which includes, in addition to semiotic analysis, analysis of biographical context and partly philological analysis, in senior high schools. The author substantiates the necessity of introducing such a method in the study of modern literature, showing it on the example of complex analysis of the Evgeny Vodolazhkin’s novel "The Aviator". Thus, the aim of the study is to describe the application of the method of semiotic analysis (in combination with others) of works of fiction in the course of literature in senior high school. The relevance of the chosen topic in the novelty of the researched material: the text of the novel. Modern literature still needs a comprehensive study. The novelty of the article consists in the chosen approach to the analysis of the novel with the use of semiotic arsenal of means, as well as in the description of the application of the novel's material in the curriculum at the lessons of literature in senior high school. Using the methods of semiotic, philological and contextual analyses, the author developed a literature lesson plan for the 11th grade of a comprehensive school. This plan can be used in practice, which will allow a teacher supplement and expand the school study of modern literature by a popular new author. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that this kind of complex analysis of modern fiction can reveal lines of interconnection and continuity with classical literature. Finding such intertextual links with both Russian classical and world literature will allow students to build a logical and coherent picture of the development of the literary process up to the modern stage. As a result of the analysis, the conclusion is made about didactic applicability of the text of the novel in the practice of teaching literature, and the novel itself is presented within the framework of the analysis as a rather complex and rich artistic work in terms of meaning, involving numerous interpretations.

‘If we lower our responsiveness, the algorithm likes us less’. A biographical perspective on (losing) control in the platform economy

ABSTRACT While there have been numerous – mostly qualitative – studies on the experience and the conditions of platform labour, the exploratory potential of biographical research has so far been overlooked. This article responds to this gap in research by presenting a case study of a French crowdworker, who was interviewed in the context of a larger European research project on precariousness and unpaid labour. On the basis of her autobiographical narrative, the authors reconstruct how her relationship with two online labour platforms evolved throughout the course of two years. The aim of this article is to illustrate the benefits of adopting a longitudinal, process-oriented perspective on the experience of online gig work in a biographical context. By giving informants the time and space to openly narrate and reflect about how their lives evolved, it also becomes possible for them to work through difficult past experiences and gain new perspectives. Furthermore, this research approach can be a tool to amplify ‘voices from below’ as a corrective against powerful corporate strategies. The authors aim to make the process of interpreting autobiographical narrative interviews transparent by highlighting the analytical relevance of selected formal textual features.

Navigating educational success: Modes of expectation among care‐experienced young people

AbstractThis paper explores modes of expectation among care‐experienced young people when navigating educational success. Luhmann's theoretical framework is used to conceptualise experiences of educational success and the role of uncertainty. We identify three modes of expectation: trust, risk and danger. To illustrate these modes, we draw on selected examples from an interview study with 28 care‐experienced young people focusing on their experiences of support and aftercare while transitioning out of care. The trust mode of expectation is based in a confidence that the future entails a positive outcome—in the case of this study, regarding educational success. This expectation is characterised by the young person's feelings of belonging, underpinned by a safety net of unconditionally supportive caregivers. The risk mode of expectation is characterised by the young person's feeling of being overwhelmed and burdened by the complexity of the educational system in combination with unknown future circumstances when leaving care. The battle against child welfare services to keep supportive measures increases levels of uncertainty. The danger mode of expectation emerges when educational success is disrupted by the interference of child welfare services. The system is seen as unpredictable and powerful, making the young person withdraw from formal support. We conclude that educational success for care‐experienced young people is closely linked to their mode of expectation with regard to managing the uncertainty of the future and that their mode is highly dependent on their social, institutional and biographical contexts.

ABOUT THE PORTRAIT OF V. V. STASOV BY I. YU. REPIN FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE KHARKIV ART MUSEUM

TIn 1907, the collection of the Kharkiv Art and Industrial Museum received a portrait of V. V. Stasov from the author. The portrait was written by I. Repin in 1905 in Penaty. This was the last portrait of Stasov, created by Repin from life. A portrait from Kharkiv collection completes the series, which includes several pictorial images. These are portraits of 1873; 1883, created in Dresden during a joint trip of the artist and critic to Europe; 1889–1890 – in a red shirt; 1900 – in a fur coat. It is worth noting that out of five picturesque portraits, three are costumed, specially conceived as “portraits with disguises”. Why did the artist need this masquerade? What does this portrait say about Repin’s personality and Repin’s work? The history of the creation of this portrait is considered in two contexts: firstly, those artistic tasks that the artist solved in the whole series of the mentioned images of the critic; secondly, in the biographical context of the relationship between the artist and the critic for more than thirty years. It is shown how, from the first to the last portrait, the trajectory of the artist’s exit from the influence of the critic’s ideas and his acquisition of his own views on art is outlined. In accordance with this, the composition of the work changed from portrait to portrait, in which the artist’s arbitrariness in solving the image of the critic is increasingly manifested. Deciding on the composition of each of the portraits, Repin at least demonstrates how in his work there was a transition from complete immersion in the content of the critic’s monologue to their dialogic relationship and departure from Stasov’s postulates as his own artistic worldview was formed. The authors defend the point of view on the portrait of Stasov from the collection of Kharkiv Art Museum as an outstanding work of the late period of I. Yu. Repin, who still needs to be deeply researched.

Orchidaceae acostanae: typification of Costa Rican orchid species described by Rudolf Schlechter from collections by Guillermo Acosta

ABSTRACT Rudolf Schlechter (1872–1925) described several orchid taxa based on specimens collected in Costa Rica during the first half of the 20th century. Unfortunately, the type material kept at the Botanical Museum of Berlin-Dahlem (B) was destroyed in the bombing of Berlin, Germany, in 1943. To complete the typification of names proposed by Schlechter, based on orchid collections attributed to Guillermo Acosta in Costa Rica, we have compiled a list of 22 names. Previously, 11 lectotypifications and five neotypifications were proposed on this material. However, we found six names that lacked typification. Therefore, formal typifications are proposed for Acostaea pleurothalloides, Dichaea similis, Goodyera micrantha, Lepanthes acostae, L. pubilabia, and Stelis acostae. Additionally, we provide a biographical context to understand Acosta’s relationship with Schlechter and the historical background of these collections. Finally, we provide bibliographical references and illustrations for lectotypes and neotypes. This work is part of a series focused on the nomenclature and typification of orchid names proposed by Schlechter in Costa Rica, aimed at clarifying our understanding of his species concepts in the Neotropics. Further, the typification of the names based on the collections made by the brothers Alfred and Curt Brade is necessary to complete this series.

The Specifics of Translating Poetry. The Study of the Specifics is Based on the Material of the English and French Languages

The work of René Char remains poorly studied in Ukrainian literary criticism, and there are few translations published. In this paper, attempts were made to translate some of René Char's poems from the poetry collection "Fureur et mystère" (Rage and Mystery), which is central to his work. The analysis points out both the advantages and disadvantages of the translators' work. The intertextual connection between the poems "Allégeance" and "Allégement" is revealed and its importance for the interpretation of both texts is shown. This overlap was not shown in the translation. Ways were found to convey this connection within the poem itself, but the option of conveying it in the title was suggested. Some general difficulties that may arise during translation are identified, related to the transmission of rhythm, meter, graphics of the poem, syntax, as well as the figurative component of René Char's poetry. It has been established that the hermeticity of his poems is absolute: interpretation requires knowledge of the historical, cultural, and biographical contexts, as well as an in-depth familiarity with other poems by Char. However, the latter condition cannot be fulfilled by foreign-language readers. As we have discussed above, his works lack translations. So far, no translation of the entire book of poems has been made, and translators (including us) are working on translations selectively. Thus, in the course of our work, we discovered problems related to the translation of René Char's poems. In our translations, we tried to convey the original text with maximum accuracy, although this was not always possible. Considering the difficulties reflected in our comments on the translations, translations of other poems may be performed.

FROM A COMMENTARY TO EUGENE ONEGIN BY A.S. PUSHKIN: DEDICATION, P.A. PLETNEV AND ‘PUSHKIN CIRCLE’

The study of literary relations is always hampered by the lack of direct evidence or their unreliability and the lack of a complete picture of literary life. Thus, it is necessary to reconstruct the historical, literary and biographical contexts by separating the facts that have stood the cross-check from the information that has not been verified. It is even more significant in cases when the specific involvement of writers in ‘invisible’ or at least implicit processes is discussed - it could determine not only some certain features of literary life, but also the images of literary history and ideology of literature. This is exactly how the history of literary relations between A.S. Pushkin and P.A. Pletnev seems to contain something purely non-trivial. Indeed, Pushkin rather unexpectedly dedicated the novel Eugene Onegin to a minor poet and a literary critic of little influence. The fact that it was Pletnev who acted as the trusted publisher of the novel in verse seems important, but not sufficient enough to explain Pushkin’s decision. Th is paper is devoted to other literary contexts of this case: it examines Pletnev as one of the prototypes of Lensky. Moreover, we analyze Pletnev’s review of the collection of poems by E.A. Baratynsky, which contained all the motives of Pushkin’s Dedication and was focused on the image of the history of Russian literature as it was presented in Eugene Onegin.

In the wrecks of Kingdoms, in the self-immolations of evil ... (behind the pages of Maximilian Voloshin's book "Demons of the Deaf and Dumb")

The purpose of this study is to identify the historiosophical foundations of Maximilian Voloshin's book "Demons of the Deaf and Dumb". The article examines the historical concept of M. Voloshin, who tries to bring the reader to the dramatic events of the present and predict the future through an assessment of Russia's past. Voloshin, focusing on the revolutionary events of Russia and France, writes a tragedy book, which was published in January 1919. The main hypothesis is that "Demons of the deaf and dumb" occupies a special place in the creative biography of the poet, while it is necessary to keep in mind several important points. This is Voloshin's last collection, released during his lifetime in Russia, prepared by the author himself (with drawings by the author). The poems written in 1919 are organically adjacent to it: "The Burning Bush", "The Russian Revolution", "Kitezh", "The Civil War". Poems that dramatically translate history into modernity and reveal the future. The book "Demons of the Deaf and Dumb" includes works written at different times and related to different historical epochs. However, Voloshin had the ability to feel the flow of history "flowing into "today", to perceive history in its one-time form. The moment of history for him is the whole story, just as time is all time. Such a feeling was characteristic of the poet throughout his creative career. The troubles, the Uprising of Stenka Razin, the Petrine era, Thermidor in France, the revolution in Russia all coexist for him as if in a single time frame. One is perceived through the other. The paper offers an innovative approach to the study of M. Voloshin's last lifetime collection; a way of considering the reception of creativity in the unity of historical, cultural and biographical contexts is proposed, which is an organic combination of historical, cultural, biographical and comparative methods that form the basis of classical philological science.

Twentieth-Century Sephardic Authors from the Former Yugoslavia by Željko Jovanović

Reviewed by: Twentieth-Century Sephardic Authors from the Former Yugoslavia by Željko Jovanović Alma Prelec Twentieth-Century Sephardic Authors from the Former Yugoslavia. By Željko Jovanović. (Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Cultures, 41) Cambridge: Legenda. 2020. xiv+210 pp. £80. ISBN 978–1–78188–851–3. When the Sarajevo National Library was reduced to cinders in August 1992, countless artefacts were lost. The Sarajevo Haggadah was not among them. Having survived the Spanish Expulsion of the Jews in 1492 and the Second World War, the illustrated manuscript again evaded destruction. While the histories of the Sephardim—and the Haggadah itself—in the former Yugoslavia have inspired an array of artistic responses, scholarly attention has tended to focus on the larger communities further east, particularly those of Greece and Turkey. Željko Jovanović intervenes in this discussion and expands its range, incorporating a timely and illuminating overview of the main literary players in the region alongside their formulation of a lost Iberia. Jovanović examines four authors (two men and two women) with contrasting approaches to Sephardic cultural and educational reform. Chapter 1 juxtaposes the efforts of Haim S. Davičo (1854–1918) and Laura Papo (1891–1942). Biographical context is shown to be essential in understanding the authors' literary outputs. Davičo's Serbian version of Tirso de Molina's novella Los tres maridos burladores, Ženske Šale, is read and understood through the prism of Davičo's attitude towards Sephardic integration. Raised in an intellectual Jewish family in Belgrade, Davičo favoured assimilation and wrote almost exclusively in Serbian. In a close literary analysis of Ženske Šale, Jovanović notes that Davičo removes most topographical references in Tirso's novella yet does not replace these with Belgrade adjacent equivalents. Jovanović maintains that the removal of specific Spanish cultural allusions aids the author in what appears to be another, if less obvious, gesture: to present the text not as a translation of Tirso's, but as an authentic Sephardic tale. If, for Davičo, archival work on Ladino texts represented a chance to claim their place within a broader Serbian literary context, for Laura Papo the intention instead was to maintain the integrity of the Bosnian Jewish cultural tradition as a separate entity. Born in Sarajevo but educated in Istanbul and Paris, Papo received a polyglot education that allowed her later to translate German and French, as well as Serbian, texts into Ladino. Considered the first Sephardic female playwright, Papo wrote exclusively in Ladino, a political decision guaranteeing that the performances would be accessible to her intended audience. Unlike Davičo, Papo collected her archival material in situ, integrating these elements (folklore, proverbs, and ballads) into the fabric of her plays. Here referencing tradition rather than theory, Jovanović underscores how gender norms within the Sephardic community influenced the authors' approaches to their work. [End Page 271] Turning to the late twentieth century, Chapter 2 explores the preservation efforts of Gina Camhy (1909-1990) and Isak Papo (1912-1996) in the aftermath of the Second World War. Jovanović offers important insights into Camhy's biography, of which relatively little is known. Camhy wrote from Paris, where her literary career began, narrating Sephardic customs from her native Bosnia in Judaeo-Spanish. Isak Papo trained in London and later published bilingual editions of the cuentos, some of which were probably transcribed from memory. Both authors collected and contextualized the tales, engaging in a form of memory work distinct from the adaptational efforts of their predecessors. The final chapter uncovers the Yugoslav travels of Djohá, a trickster figure generally thought to have descended from Al-Andalus to find a place later in the Sephardic oral tradition. Here the reader again encounters Davičo, whose references to the Djohá tales are the oldest to be found in present-day Serbia. Davičo introduces Djohá, already a polysemic figure, to a new context through comparison with the Turkish Nasr al-Din Khodja, whose attributes and characterization would have been familiar to Serbian audiences following centuries of Ottoman rule. Charting Djohá's transliterations across different authors and decades within and beyond Yugoslavia, Jovanović reveals how the character was transformed by the authors' personal mores and, occasionally, cultural sensitivities...