Biogenic Amine-producing Bacteria Research Articles

Enhancement of microbial safety and shelf life of salmon fillets by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299 V fermented in pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel extract

This study demonstrated the selective support of pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel extract (PPE) on Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299 V growth, of which the resultant enhanced microbial safety and shelf life of salmon fillets. Incorporating PPE fermented with L. plantarum 299 V for 48 h (FPPE-48h) into alginate coating inhibited both the spiked Listeria monocytogenes and the spoilage - causing bacteria (psychotrophic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp.) on salmon fillets during the 4-day chilled storage, resulting in 1–1.5 log CFU/g lower bacterial counts (P < 0.05). FPPE-48h effectively suppressed biogenic amine-producing bacteria, and remarkably retarded the accumulation of putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and tyramine (P < 0.05). Last, the key antimicrobial substances generated during the late stage of PPE fermentation were profiled using non-target ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) analysis. This study exemplifies a successful approach of fermenting probiotic utilizing food by-products/food waste to enhance the safety and shelf life of ready-to-eat foods.

Nanocomplexes film composed of gallic acid loaded ovalbumin/chitosan nanoparticles and pectin with excellent antibacterial activity: Preparation, characterization and application in coating preservation of salmon fillets

Active packaging has been recognized as an effective approach to extend the shelf life of food, but the rapid release of active substances limits the preservation effect. In this study, gallic acid (GA)-loaded ovalbumin (OVA)/chitosan (CS) nanoparticles with slow-release properties were prepared and embedded into the pectin matrix to refine the rapid release of GA in the pectin and elongate the shelf life of salmon fillets. Our results showed that GA could be released continuously from the OVA/CS nanoparticles. The pectin film incorporated with GA-loaded OVA/CS nanoparticles exhibited good light barrier and mechanical properties. The opacity value of the film reached 1.65 ± 0.06 UA/mm, and the tensile strength and elongation at break were 15.97 ± 1.55 MPa and 7.29 ± 0.42 %, respectively. In addition, the pectin film combined with GA-loaded OVA/CS nanoparticles showed improved antibacterial activity against two common biogenic amine-producing bacteria (Morganella morganii and Escherichia coli). Moreover, the nanocomposite film delayed salmon fillets' biogenic amine generation, and the shelf life was extended by 3 days compared with the control group. These promising properties supported using the GA-loaded OVA/CS nanoparticle-pectin films as preservation materials for fish.

The antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus sp. GMP1 and Weisella sp. GMP12 against some foodborne disease causing-bacteria

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been reported to have inhibitory activity against foodborne causative bacteria, some of which are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). The aim of this study was to isolate halotolerant lactic acid bacteria (HLAB) from fermented fish products, namely pakasam and wadi, and to determine their potential to inhibit the growth of contaminant bacteria and biogenic amine-producing bacteria. Isolation of HLAB was performed using De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe agar (MRSA) supplemented with 1% CaCO3 and 7% NaCl. Colonies that grew and showed clear zones continued to undergo halotolerant growth tests in MRS broth with several NaCl concentrations. Two selected isolates were identified as lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus sp. GMP1 and Weisella sp. GMP12. The isolation of antibacterial compounds targeting bacteriocin was carried out by fermentation in MRSB media at 37°C for 24 h, followed by separation of the supernatant and isolation of the antibacterial compounds by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and dialysis. Antibacterial activity tests showed that bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus sp. GMP1 and Weisella sp. GMP12 is able to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6,538 with bacteriocin activity of 5,868.19 AU and 3,693.60 AU, respectively. Bacteriocins can also inhibit Salmonella spp.. 230C with bacteriocin activity respectively is 1,696.39 AU and 2,254.17 AU, respectively, whereas only Weisella sp. GMP12 inhibits Klebsiella sp. CK2 with bacteriocin activity is 3,165.51 AU. These results indicate that Lactobacillus sp. GMP1 and Weisella sp. GMP12 has the potential to be used as a starter culture in fermented products.

Shotgun Proteomics Analysis, Functional Networks, and Peptide Biomarkers for Seafood-Originating Biogenic-Amine-Producing Bacteria.

Biogenic amine-producing bacteria are responsible for the production of basic nitrogenous compounds (histamine, cadaverine, tyramine, and putrescine) following the spoilage of food due to microorganisms. In this study, we adopted a shotgun proteomics strategy to characterize 15 foodborne strains of biogenic-amine-producing bacteria. A total of 10,673 peptide spectrum matches belonging to 4081 peptides and corresponding to 1811 proteins were identified. Relevant functional pathways were determined, and strains were differentiated into hierarchical clusters. An expected protein-protein interaction network was created (260 nodes/1973 interactions). Most of the determined proteins were associated with networks/pathways of energy, putrescine metabolism, and host-virus interaction. Additionally, 556 peptides were identified as virulence factors. Moreover, 77 species-specific peptide biomarkers corresponding to 64 different proteins were proposed to identify 10 bacterial species. This represents a major proteomic dataset of biogenic-amine-producing strains. These results may also be suitable for new treatments for food intoxication and for tracking microbial sources in foodstuffs.

Dynamics and diversity of microbial community in salmon slices during refrigerated storage and identification of biogenic amine-producing bacteria

The changes in microbial composition of salmon slices during storage at 4 °C were measured using high-throughput sequencing (HTS), and biogenic amine (BA)-producing bacteria were isolated from salmon slices to evaluate their ability to produce BAs. Fresh salmon slices had the highest bacterial diversity, which decreased with the extension of the refrigerated storage time. Phenylobacterium was the dominating genus in fresh salmon slices, followed by Photobacterium and Burkholderia, while Brochothrix became the dominant bacterium in the later stages of the storage period. Seven strains of BA-producing bacteria were isolated and determined, which varied greatly in BA production. Among these, Brochothrix thermosphacta (B5) exhibited the strongest BA-producing ability, producing 98.32 mg/mL of putrescine and 78.81 mg/mL of cadaverine, and Photobacterium phosphoreum showed a stronger histamine-producing ability (77.07 mg/mL). This study explored the microbial composition in salmon slices and offer insight into the relationship between microorganisms and BAs in salmon slices. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing antibacterial agents, decreasing the amount BAs, and extending the shelf-life of salmon slices.

Potential biogenic amine-producing bacteria in ripened cheeses

This study aimed to determine which of the eight cheese varieties (Prato, Standard Minas, Gorgonzola-, Moleson-, Raclette-, Gruyere-, Sbrinz- and Reblochon-types) prepared at a dairy processing plant in the state of Rio de Janeiro had higher concentration of biogenic amines (BA) (putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, histamine, spermidine and spermine), to detect which BA were produced at higher concentrations and to determine if the presence of Enterobacteriaceae , biogenic amine producing bacteria (BAPB) or physical-chemical parameters (pH, titratable acidity, fat, moisture, total solids, protein, ash and chloride) would be correlated with BA production in the eight matured cheese varieties. Moleson-type cheese (72.50 mg.Kg -1 ) followed by Standard Minas (107.00 mg.Kg -1 ) showed the lowest levels of biogenic amines. Prato (699.29 mg.Kg -1 ) and Gorgonzola-type (936.37 mg.Kg -1 ) cheeses contained larger amounts of BA. Concentrations of tyramine exceeded the maximum permissible limit in all varieties of cheese. Although the presence of potentially BA-producing bacteria was confirmed in all samples of cheese, there was no correlation with BA content produced in cheeses. Gorgonzola-type cheese showed a positive correlation with the amount of BA in the isolates. Gorgonzola-type, Sbrinz-type and Prato cheeses seem to require greater care in monitoring the presence of biogenic amines, particularly because tyramine reached the highest levels in these varieties. Regardless of the analysed cheese, physical and chemical parameters did not affect the amount of BA produced. An assessment of the capacity to produce biogenic amines should be included as a selection criterion for starter cultures for ripened cheeses.

Influence of Thawing Methods and Storage Temperatures on Bacterial Diversity, Growth Kinetics, and Biogenic Amine Development in Atlantic Mackerel

Limited knowledge is currently available on the influence of fish thawing and subsequent storage conditions on bacterial growth kinetics, succession, and diversity alongside the production of biogenic amines. This study aimed to address these factors during the thawing and subsequent storage of mackerel. Thawing was either done fast in 18°C water for 2 h or slowly at 30°C overnight. Subsequent storage was at 30°C (ambient) for 36 h and 2 to 5°C (refrigerated) for 12 days. The cultivation methods used were total viable counts, hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria, and Pseudomonas . Maximum growth rate, population density, and lag time were fitted on the counts using the Baranyi model. The bacterial diversity and succession were based on sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons, and biogenic amines were quantified on high-pressure liquid chromatography-UV. The results show that lag time of hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria was significantly affected by both thawing methods, and further, the interaction between thawing and storage significantly affected the maximum growth rate of these bacteria. However, the maximum growth rate of Pseudomonas was higher during refrigerated storage compared with storage at ambient temperature. Total viable counts showed longer lag time and reduced growth rate under refrigerated storage. Higher bacterial diversity was correlated to slow thawing and storage at ambient temperature compared with slow thawing and refrigerated storage. Overall, Acinetobacter and Psychrobacter genera were the dominant bacterial populations. The amine levels were low and could not be differentiated along the thawing and storage approaches, despite a clear increase in bacterial load, succession, and diversity. This corresponded well with the low abundance of biogenic amine-producing bacteria, with the exception of the genus Proteus , which was 8.6% in fast-thawed mackerel during storage at ambient temperature. This suggests that the decarboxylation potential is dependent on both microbial load and microbial community structure.

Dynamic changes of the content of biogenic amines in Chinese rice wine during the brewing process

This study examined the biogenic amine content of the brewing raw material (wheat Qu, seed starter, mash or liquid) during fermentation and during the maturation and storage process. Pre-column derivatization and high-performance liquid chromatography were employed to analyse the dynamic changes in biogenic amines during the Chinese rice wine brewing process. Some aliphatic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermine) were already found to be present in the glutinous rice and wheat Qu, but the content was below 2.88 mg/kg. None of the amines were detected in the brewing water. The biogenic amine content in the seed starter exhibited a large variation range (16.43–87.72 mg/L), which could influence the total content of biogenic amines prior to fermentation. A much more obvious increase in biogenic amines stemmed from the fermentation process, with the presence of a biogenic amine-producing bacteria and precursor amino amines. In the first 2 days, the biogenic amine content increased sharply, followed by a slow increase over the next 4 days, and the content reached a maximum value on day 6; subsequently there was a decrease or fluctuation in the concentration. After clarification and cooking, the biogenic amine content increased significantly; however, a slight decrease was observed during storage, especially for putrescine and histamine. Putrescine and tyramine were the most prevalent amines in all of the samples. Overall, the content of biogenic amines was found to be within the safe level for human health, ranging from 54.52 to 146. 35 mg/L. Copyright © 2013 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling

PCR methods for the detection of biogenic amine-producing bacteria on wine

Biogenic amines are low molecular weight organic bases frequently found in wine. Several toxicological problems resulting from the ingestion of wine containing biogenic amines have been described. In wine, histamine, tyramine, and putrescine are mainly produced by the decarboxylation of the amino acid histidine, tyrosine, and ornithine, respectively, by lactic acid bacteria action. The bacterial ability to decarboxylate amino acids is highly variable, and therefore the detection of bacteria possessing amino acid decarboxylase activity is important to prevent biogenic amine accumulation in wine. Molecular methods for the early and rapid detection of these producer bacteria are becoming an alternative to traditional culture methods. Moreover, quantitative PCR methods are useful to enumerate biogenic amine-producer bacteria on wine. Molecular methods detect potential biogenic amine risk formation in wine before the amine is produced. This review will cover the molecular methods proposed in the literature for the detection of biogenic amine-producing bacteria in wine. These methods could improve winemaking control in order to avoid biogenic amine production.

Isolation and characterization of biogenic amine-producing bacteria in fermented soybean pastes

Biogenic amines (BAs) are produced primarily by microorganisms found in fermented foods and are often implicated in food poisoning. BA-producing bacteria found in fermented soybean pastes were isolated and characterized using a decarboxylating medium and multiplex PCR analysis. Two BA-producing bacteria were isolated from traditional soybean pastes: one was a histamine-producing Clostridium strain, and the other was a tyramine-producing Pseudomonas strain. The Clostridium strain was determined to be a potent histamine producer among the cultures tested. Synthesis of tyramine by Pseudomonas sp. T1 was observed for the first time in this study.

Improved multiplex-PCR method for the simultaneous detection of food bacteria producing biogenic amines

This study describes a simple and rapid multiplex-PCR method to determine the ability to produce histamine, tyramine and putrescine by bacteria. The assay is an improved method based on an assay designed for lactic acid bacteria. This improved method includes a pair of primers based on sequences from histidine decarboxylases from Gram-negative bacteria. Under the optimised conditions, the assay yielded a 367-bp DNA fragment from histidine decarboxylases of Gram-positive bacteria, 534-bp fragment from histidine decarboxylases of Gram-negative bacteria, 924-bp from bacterial tyrosine decarboxylases, and 1446-bp fragment from bacterial ornithine decarboxylases. The method was successfully applied to several biogenic amine-producing bacterial strains, even when DNAs of several target organisms were included in the same reaction. This simple method could be easily incorporated in food control laboratories to detect potentially biogenic amine-producing bacteria in foods.