Sludge Biogas Research Articles

Reuse of biogas sludge for the slow-release fertilizer production to improve fertilizer use efficiency and soil fertility

Fertilizer overuse causes negative impacts on the environment and crop yields. Therefore, the production of slow-release fertilizers from biogas sludge is a potential solution for waste reuse and sustainable use of fertilizers. Granular fertilizers containing primary macronutrients (N, P and K) were formulated using biogas sludge and supplementary chemical compounds before coating with a thin film of glutaraldehyde cross-linked gelatin. The coating films reduced the release rates of N and P effectively. The application of formulated biogas fertilizers resulted in the competitive yield and growth rate of mustard greens over the 45-days cultivation compared to the application of commercial fertilizers. Particularly, the application of coated biogas fertilizers led to less nutrient losses in drainage water while maintained a balanced supply of available nutrients and beneficial bacteria in soils. This study emphasizes the feasibility to reuse biogas sludge for slow-release fertilizers production in improving fertilizer use efficiency and soil fertility.

Utilization of dried dairy cow feces as biogas substrate and biogas sludge as organic soil conditioner

Utilization of farm waste as an alternative energy source is a form of farm waste management, but field applications are not optimal. The purpose of this study is to find out to what extent the dried dairy cow feces can function as a biogas substrate for an overview of the number of anaerobic bacteria, the volume of bio-gas, and the use of organic carbon-containing biodiesel mud so that it can be used as an organic soil fertilizer. This study uses an experimental research method and looks at the results of an independent T test with two treatments: sundry and dry oven. The tests were done on days 0 (after 4 hours), 7, 14, 21, and 28. The water level, number of bacteria, volume of gas, and pH and organic C content of the biogas sludge were all recorded. The study's findings showed that the number of anaerobic bacteria on days 0 (after 4 hours), 7, 14, 21, and 28 and the amount of biogas on days 14 and 21 did not change whether the samples were dried in the sun or in a furnace. However, on days 7 and 28, the amounts of biogas changed depending on whether the samples were dried in the sun or in a furnace.

Optimizing a Biowaste Treatment Design for Energy and Environmental Efficiency of an Integrated Farming System in Tien Giang Province

Agricultural wastes can be converted into biofuels. To meet the requirements of biofuels, the conditions of their manufacturing process for these products must be considered. The purpose of this research is to optimize experimental designs for converting biomass into energy products like pyrolysis and pelleting process. The products were optimized in terms of their energy performance while lowering CO2 emissions. In Tien Giang province, we experimented with pyrolysis and pelleting biowastes derived from an integrated farming system in acid sulfate soil. The experimental factors influencing the energy content of products were determined using statistical analysis and optimization methods, and the potential CO2 emissions from the products were calculated. The optimization results revealed that the ideal pyrolysis parameters were 120 minutes of combustion time at 400oC and 30% moisture content of orchard pruning residues. The best pellets were obtained by combining biogas sludge and biochar from mango pruning residues. These products will store approximately 900 kilograms of CO2 emissions a year. The optimized processes would benefit the environment and bring profits to the system.

Effect of biogas sludge meal supplement in feed on growth performance molting period and production cost of giant freshwater prawn culture

The worldwide prawn industry strives for better production and environmental sustainability. Shrimp feed is one of the most expensive aquaculture inputs; therefore, it must be cost-effective and environmentally safe. Fish meals in aquaculture are becoming unsustainable due to the cost and environmental concerns. The effects of a biogas sludge meal supplement in feed on freshwater prawn productivity were studied. This study aimed to examine the growth, survival rate, yield, feed conversion ratio, and molting period of giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) fed with and without biogas sludge a low-cost resource. The four treatments were T1 (0% biogas sludge), T2 (10% biogas sludge), T3 (20% biogas sludge), and T4 (30% biogas sludge). Protein content ranged from 26.7 to 27.4% in the experimental diets. The experiment was conducted in 3 × 3x1.5 m cages in an earthen pond for 80 days. The data shows that freshwater prawn growth performance did not differ significantly across treatments (P > 0.05). Biogas sludge has been demonstrated to be a low-cost feed component for freshwater prawns. Regarding survival, productivity, and feed conversion ratio, T2 (10% biogas sludge) outperformed the other two. As a result of the research, it was determined that 10% of biogas sludge might be used as a low-cost freshwater prawn feed option. The molting period of freshwater prawns fed biogas-containing feed was investigated at various levels. Freshwater prawns grown in baskets in a pond at 32.2 °C for a trial period of 90 days were molted differently (P > 0.05). The molting periods for Tl, T2, T3, and T4 were 19, 18, 19.8, and 20.8, respectively. In addition, the research suggests efficient and long-term methods for supplying nutrient-dense prawn feed to aquaculture production systems.

Potential and phylogenetic of superior bacterial isolates in biogas sludge from anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent

The study obtains potential and identifies Superior Bacterial Isolates (SBI), i.e., nitrogen-fixing and phosphate solubilizing from biogas sludge. The potential test was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) within three replications, and the means were determined by ANOVA and DMRT at Р< 0.05. The molecular identification of SBI is used by the PCR-16S rRNA sequencing method. This study was conducted from January to August 2020. The result found in the N3 and P7 from biogas sludge was more potential in the availability of total-N and available-P compared to other isolates. It also was identified as similar to Bacillus paramycoides and Bacillus cereus, respectively. This information can be used as a reference that biogas sludge can be used to support soil fertility.

Effect of selected bacteria from biogas sludge on the growth and nutrition of upland rice

This study evaluated the influence of selected superior bacterial isolates (SBI), biogas sludge, and their interactions on growth and nutrient uptake of upland rice grown in Ultisols. We used a randomized block design with two factors and seven replicates from October 2020 to April 2021. The first factor used selected SBI (B0 = untreated, B1 = nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolate (N3), B2 = phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolate (P7), B3 = isolate combination (N3+P7)). The second factor was the dosage of biogas sludge (S0 = untreated, S1 = 157.5; S2 = 315; S3 = 630 ml/polybag). The parameters were determined by ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s multiple range test at Р&lt;0.05. The results showed that the isolate P7 significantly increased the N uptake by 20.77% and crop growth rate (CGR) of upland rice 2.81 times. Biogas sludge doses from 315 to 630 ml/polybag significantly increased plant height, uptake of N and P, total fresh and dry weight, and CGR of upland rice. The interaction between N3 and biogas sludge dosage of 630 ml/polybag significantly increased the CGR of upland rice. The application of isolates N3 and P7 and their combination with biogas sludge of 630 ml/polybag has the potential to increase the CGR of upland rice in acidic soils.

Circular utilization of food waste to biochar enhances thermophilic co-digestion performance

Codigestion is an emerging approach to improve wastewater sludge biogas production and valorize food waste (FW). This study explores FW-derived biochar as a codigestion amendment for the first time and reports a matrix experiment using four diverse biochar amendments (mixed food waste, pinewood, bonechar, unamended control) across four FW types (vegetable, rice, chicken, mixed). It demonstrated that biochar derived from mixed FW can greatly improve the performance of biogas production and yield relative to unamended control and other biochars. The mixed food waste (MFW) biochar amendment led to 34.5%, 35.6%, and 47.5% increase in methane production from mixed FW compared to biochars made of wood, bone and non-amendment control, and the maximum methane production rate of MFW biochar reactors could be up to 6.7–9.9 times of the control. These results suggest that a more circular utilization of FW by integrating biochar production with codigestion can bring great benefits to FW management.

The potential of Biogas Sludge Dairy Cattle with Fortification of Expired Milk Powder Waste and Eggshell as a Planting Media of White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus florida) on Mycelium Growth

This study aimed to determine the nutrient content of the growing media of sludge biogas waste from dairy cattle and expired milk waste and the growth of white oyster mushroom mycelium (Pleurotus florida). This study uses mixed media from dairy cattle biogas sludge waste and expired milk powder with different concentrations divided into 4 media treatments, 4 treatments then performed 3 repetitions to obtain 12 experimental units, the treatment is given code P0, P1, P2, P3 which has a media composition in the form of sawdust, biogas sludge, expired milk powder waste and eggshell, each treatment is distinguished in different concentrations of sludge and expired milk powder with different proportions namely P0 (0%: 0%), P1 (50%: 50%), P2 (25%: 75%) P3: (75%: 25%), P0 is used as a control because it does not use the two combination ingredients but uses bran as a source of nutrients and is a proportion commonly used by oyster mushroom farmers. Each media was then tested for its chemical content including water content, organic matter, crude fiber, C-organic, nitrogen, P-Total, and potassium. Then for the growing mycelium variable observed were the mycelium length, the percentage of growth of oyster mushroom mycelium, the first time to grow, and the time to fulfill mycelium. The data was processed using analysis of Variance-Completely Randomized Design Unidirectional and the average difference was tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Mushroom media nutrient content test results showed that the best results were in the planting media of sludge biogas waste from dairy cattle and expired milk waste in P3 treatment (75% dairy biogas sludge: 25% of expired milk waste) was able to increase nutrient in a c-organic variable, crude fiber, C / N ratio, and potassium are 19.61%, 57.43%, 3.179%, and 0.887%. The best results of mycelium growth in this study were the planting media of dairy cattle biogas sludge waste and expired milk waste in P2 treatment (25% of dairy cattle biogas sludge: 75% of expired milk waste) which was able to produce the best growth of the average variables of the daily mycelium length, percentage of growth mycelium, first time to grow and time to fulfill mycelium is 3.73 cm, 27.42%, 4.33 days and 26.33 days. In this study, it can be concluded that the planting media from dairy cattle biogas sludge waste with the fortification of expired milk powder waste can be potentially used as an alternative media other than bran at the same time can increase the nutrient content in the mushroom media and stimulate the growth of mycelium better.

THE UTILIZATION OF BIOGAS SLUDGE BIOCHAR TO LEAD ZERO WASTE SYSTEM IN BIOGAS IMPLEMENTATION: THE EFFECT OF VOLUME ON CARBON DIOXIDE AND METHANE CONTENT

Biogas is a solution to slow the effects of global warming by converting and trapping methane of manure into energy. To make biogas cleaner and more environmentally friendly, residue from biogas also should be treated. The strategy is to recycle biogas sludge to be an adsorbent for biogas purification because it will reduce waste generation. It means the utilization of sludge leads to a zero-waste biogas system. The study was to investigate the use of biochar from biogas sludge and find the optimal condition for biogas purification. Five treatment of biochar-based biogas sludge were be conducted, every column of adsorption filled with 100% of the volume zeolite, 50% of the volume zeolite and biochar, 25% of the volume zeolite and 75% of the volume of biochar, and the last 100% of the volume biochar. The results showed that 5 treatments of biochar reduced carbon dioxide (impurity gas in biogas) and the largest reduction of carbon dioxide presented by 100% of the volume biochar. The decrease in carbon dioxide by 100% volume of zeolite is almost the same as the decrease in carbon dioxide by 100% volume of biochar. But the system also decreased the methane content in proportion to the decrease in carbon dioxide. The reduction in carbon dioxide also affected the temperature of biogas combustion and calorific value. We agree that using 100% of the volume biochar from sludge can replace zeolite in biogas purification but further modification is also needed to increase the value of methane.

Improving white oyster mushroom productivity by biogas sludge and its potential as functional foods

White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) is widely consumed by Indonesian people in daily life. It contains high nutrients, especially its protein content. Protein can be generated from meat but it is expensive and gives an economic burden to some people, particularly in this pandemic condition. The aim of this research was to improve the productivity of white oyster mushrooms using sludge biogas as biofertilizer and to provide alternative protein sources. The mushroom medium used in this research consisted of M1, M2, and M3, and each medium was made in three replications. Parameters observed were harvesting age, fresh weight, number of caps, stalk length, and diameter of caps. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the difference between means was determined by DMRT. All media with the sludge addition improved the growth and production of the mushroom. M2 medium demonstrated the best improvement in productivity. The increasing productivity in the M2 medium included fresh weight (118%), diameter of cap (22%), number of caps per cluster (225%), and stalk length (50%). In conclusion, the sludge biogas could be able to enhance the productivity of white oyster mushroom. The increasing production of this mushroom will affect the availability of alternative protein sources and support food safety in this pandemic situation.

The impacts of red mud dosing on methane production and reduction of CO2: Activity of granules and formation

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of red mud (RM) dosing on granular sludge formation, biogas production and carbon dioxide reduction from palm oil mill effluent (POME) digestion. The results show that dosing RM adversely affected sludge granulation due to the formation of precipitates and hydrolyzates with poor settleability. However, at the optimal dosage (4.5 g RM/L), it could benefit granules formation and stability by improving the in extracellular polymeric substances and biogas production rate was 87.9 l g-VSadded/d at 4.5:30 mixing ratio. The ratio of 0.5:80–2.5:50 g-VS did not affect methane production and the highest methane yield average 79.9 l/g-VS added for RM:POME of 4.5:30, 14.5 higher respective to that of POME alone only. A CO2 reduction of 89.6% was obtained at RM of 4.5:30 ( r = 0.998). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was 87% obtained at 30 g COD/l and 4.5:30 g-VS with growth of sp. Methanosarcina. The process evaluation was found model cone best fitted and actual production of CH4. The evidence by low root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) showed high correlation difference (Dif. %) with predicted value and actual values. Analyses were evaluated that the POME degradation with RM utilization, substantially enhanced the hydrolysis rate (khyd), lag phase time h (λ) and methane production rate ( Rm) of mixing ratio of RM:POME. Furthermore, the system showed solid reduction with the increased production of methane.

The effect of sludge dairy cattle and expired milk powder waste as growth media for white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida)

White oyster mushroom media must add additional nutrients as stimulants for mushroom growth like bran, but bran is cattle feed so its availability is limited. Sludge biogas of cattle and expired milk powder waste is the result of livestock waste which is still rich in nutrients which are important substances. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in the composition of the biogas sludge media and expired milk powder waste on mushroom productivity. This study was designed with four treatments and three repetitions which difference in the ratio of the concentration of cattle biogas sludge and expired milk powder with a ratio of P0 (0g: 0g), P1 (100g: 100g), P2 (50g: 150g) P3: (150g: 50g). Data taken include mushroom growth measurement The data was processed using analysis of Variance-Completely Randomized Design Unidirectional and the average difference was tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The best result is P2 treatment, fresh weight, a diameter of caps, stem length, and harvest time obtained the results are 124.15 gram, 10.57 cm, 5.98 cm, and 46.00 days. In this study, the greater the proportion of expired milk powder waste that was given increasingly increased the growth of white oyster mushrooms.

Characterization of Nitrogen Release in Modified Controlled-Release-Fertilizer using Rice Husk Biochar

Rice husk biochar was added to modify ureic fertilizer in order to control nitrogen release in two methods: (1) mixed-granule and (2) as a coating. The mixed-granule fertilizer was made of varied compositions of rice husk biochar, ureic fertilizer, and clay as a binder, whereas the coating model was formulated from ureic fertilizer, biogas sludge, and clay as a core and coated with various compositions of biochar and clay. All of the samples were leached by 100 mL of water once every three days, and the leachate was analyzed for its nitrogen content.

ORGANIC CYCLE SYSTEM: THE RECYCLING OF BIOGAS SLUDGE OF COW MANURE AS BIOCHAR FOR BIOGAS PURIFICATION

The increase in intensive using of production elements has been reflected on the increasing of organic waste. Without appropriate treatment, waste leads to the contamination of environment. The conversion of organic waste into material with economic value will contribute to increasing productivity, for example in biogas system. Today, the utilization of waste, biogas sludge, as bio-fertilizer has been developed. However, the utilization of biogas sludge from cow manure as biochar is still rare. The aims of this study were to investigate the recycling of biogas sludge from cow manure as biochar in biogas purification. Biochar made of biogas sludge from cow manure as adsorbent in biogas purification leads to the cycle loop of biogas system. We also investigated the effect of mass variation of biochar made of biogas sludge from cow manure on biogas purification performance. The variation of zeolite and biochar made of biogas sludge with mass ratio of 0:80; 20:60; 40:40; 60:20; and 80:0 had been put inthe adsorption column of biogas purification. The results showed that the increase in biochar mass affected on methane enrichment of biogas. The highest methane enrichment was performed by biochar with ratio 40:40. The utilization of biochar mass above 50% of the total mass per each column decreased methane enrichment. From this study, we concluded that biogas sludge has potential to be used as adsorbent in biogas purification. Biochar from biogas sludge leads to organic cycle system in biogas system that provides option in sustainable energy and additional benefits for farmers.

EVALUATION OF METHANE AND CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM LIVESTOCK WASTE, COMPOST, AND BIOGAS SLUDGE

: Livestock sector contributes to greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission especially methane and carbon dioxide gases that produced from digestive system and manure of ruminants. GHGs mitigation was conducted by cattle manure waste management through biogas and compost technologies. In this study we evaluated methane and carbon dioxide emissions from untreated and treated cattle manure in cattle farm group of Ngudi Mulyo, Yogyakarta. Test equipment that used in this study is 25-liters chamber to isolate gas emissions from naturally digested untreated and treated cattle manure for eight weeks. Gas samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The results shows that buried cattle manure produced the highest methane emission of 173100 ppm while compost from cattle manure produced of 2963.33 ppm. There is the decrease in methane emission of compost and sludge biogas from cattle manure (98.18 and 98.10% respectively) compared to fresh cattle manure. The highest carbon dioxide emission was produced by fresh cattle manure (580215.371 ppm). Conversion of cattle manure to biogas sludge and compost could reduce carbon dioxide emission of 80.85 and 86.23% respectively compared to fresh cattle manure. We concluded that cattle manure waste management by biogas and compost technologies are important role in GHGs mitigation especially in livestock sector.

How return sludge increase biogas production from cow manure?

The energy needs in Indonesia are mainly fulfilled by fossil fuels based energy. Since there is the rise of fuel price, Indonesia government considers seeking alternative energies from renewable resources. Biogas becomes one of the alternative energy that supplies energy needs and manages cow manure waste in Indonesia. To increase adoption of biogas technology, biogas production through methane enrichment is required. The experiment was conducted with return sludge system. These instruments consist of a series portable bio-digester, gas holder and return sludge unit. There were three treatments on biogas production without and with sludge addition or re-use bio-digester sludge that produced after biogas production as raw material for next biogas production. Biogas that produced was observed every two days during 40 days. The results showed that the addition of bio-digester sludge increased biogas production and methane concentration. The optimum retention time of biogas production with sludge addition was 20 days with accumulation biogas volume of 156.38 liters or increased of 38.75 from biogas production without bio-digester sludge). The optimum retention time to increase methane level was 15 days with methane enrichment from 0.8% to 29.41%.

Application of Bio Fertilizer and Biogas Sludge to Curly Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) at Wukirsari Village, Cangkringan, Sleman

Curly red chili (Capsicum sp.) is an important agricultural commodity in Indonesia. The pattern of conventional cultivation using inorganic fertilizers has caused high production costs. While the level of spiciness of chili determined by capsaicin levels is strongly influenced by nutrients in the growing media. Bio fertilizer and sludge biogas biogas which is one of the organic fertilizers proved to be able to increase the growth and productivity of rice plants. This study aimed to analyze growth parameters, chlorophyll content and measure capsaicin levels in curly red chili. Which given bio fertilizer and biogas sludge biogas in various dosage and determine the optimum dose of the fertilizer. The study was conducted at an agricultural demonstration plot in Wukirsari Village, Cangkringan, Sleman. The study design used RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design), the data were analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance followed by Duncan's multiple distance test (DMRT) at the 95% confidence level. The highest growth parameters was obtained on curly red chili plants which were given sludge biogas 36 mL + bio fertilizer 10 L / ha. Thus, it can be concluded that the most appropriate dose of curly red chili is 36 mL sludge biogas + bio fertilizer 10 L/ha.Keywords: Bio-fertilizer; biogas; chili; growth;sludge; Wukirsari.

Improving nutrients in cattle manure by converting it into biogas sludge and compost

In recent years livestock sector in Indonesia grows rapidly. As a consequence, organic waste will increase and cause environmental pollution and health problem if it’s not managed. The recycling of cattle manure for agriculture purpose can waste problem. Previous studies have suggested that the use of organic waste as bio-fertilizer is good for soil. The objective of this study was to investigate the difference between untreated and treated cattle manure on their chemical properties, especially nutrient elements. Untreated cattle manure, treated cattle manure by anaerobic digesting and composting were analyzed their chemical properties such as pH value, water and organic content, N-content, P2O5, and K2O concentration. The pH value of fresh cattle manure, buried cattle manure, biogas sludge, and compost were 6.8; 5.4; 6.8; and 6.9 respectively. The C organic content in treated cattle manure decreased as compared to untreated cattle manure. On the other hand, N-content, P2O5, and K2O concentration of treated manure were higher than untreated manure. The highest N-content, P2O5, and K2O concentration were performed by compost from cattle manure.

음식물 폐기물의 혐기성 산 발효액이 슬러지 저감과 바이오가스 생산에 미치는 영향

음식물 폐기물의 혐기성 산 발효액이 슬러지 저감과 바이오가스 생산에 미치는 영향

Towards Circular Economy: Evaluation of Sewage Sludge Biogas Solutions

Today it is obvious that the existing linear model of the economy does not correlate with the principles of sustainable development. The circular economy model can replace the current linear economy whilst addressing the issues of environmental deterioration, social equity and long-term economic growth. In the context of effectively implementing circular economy objectives, particular importance should be attributed to wastewater treatment sludge management, due to the possibility of recovering valuable raw materials and using its energy potential. Anaerobic digestion is one of the methods of recovering energy from sewage sludge. The main goal of this study is to make a preliminary evaluation of possible sewage sludge biogas and biomethane solutions using a computation model called MCBioCH4 and compare its results with laboratory tests of sewage sludge fermentation from the northern wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of Ekaterinburg (Russian Federation). Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the volume and qualitative composition of biogas produced throughout anaerobic fermentation of raw materials coming from the WWTP. The specific productivity of samples ranged between 308.46 Nm3/tvs and 583.08 Nm3/tvs depending if mesophilic or thermophilic conditions were analyzed, or if the experiment was conducted with or without sludge pre-treatment. Output values from the laboratory were used as input for MCBioCH4 to calculate the flow of biogas or biomethane produced. For the case study of Ekaterinburg two possible energy conversion options were selected: B-H (biogas combustion with cogeneration of electrical and thermal energy) and M-T (biomethane to be used in transports). The results of the energy module showed a net energy content of the biogas between 6575 MWh/year and 7200 MWh/year. Both options yielded a favorable greenhouse gas (GHG) balance, meaning that avoided emissions are higher than produced emissions. The results discussion also showed that, in this case, the B-H option is preferable to the M-T option. The implementation of the biogas/biomethane energy conversion system in Ekaterinburg WWTP necessitates further investigations to clarify the remaining technical and economic aspects